Ukukhubazeka kwenkulumo kubantu abadala

Ukukhubazeka kokukhuluma nokukhuluma kungaba ezinye zezinkinga eziningi ezenza kube nzima ukuxhumana.

Okulandelayo izinkinga ezivamile zokukhuluma nokukhuluma.

U-APHASIA

I-Aphasia ukulahlekelwa yikhono lokuqonda noma lokuveza ulimi olukhulunyiwe noma olubhaliwe. Imvamisa kwenzeka ngemuva kokushaywa yimivimbo noma ukulimala ebuchosheni okubuhlungu. Kungenzeka futhi kubantu abanezicubu zobuchopho noma izifo eziwohlozayo ezithinta izindawo zolimi lobuchopho. Leli gama alisebenzi ezinganeni ezingakaze zithuthukise amakhono okuxhumana. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-aphasia.

Kwezinye izimo ze-aphasia, inkinga ekugcineni iyazilungisa, kodwa kokunye, ayibi ngcono.

DYSARTHRIA

Nge-dysarthria, umuntu unezinkinga zokuveza imisindo ethile noma amagama. Banenkulumo engabizi kahle (njengokushwibeka) futhi isigqi noma ijubane lokukhuluma liyashintshwa. Imvamisa, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa noma kobuchopho kwenze kwaba nzima ukulawula ulimi, izindebe, umphimbo, noma imicu yezwi, eyenza inkulumo.

IDysarthria, okunzima ukuphimisa amagama, kwesinye isikhathi idideka ne-aphasia, okunzima ukukhiqiza ulimi. Zinezimbangela ezahlukene.

Abantu abane-dysarthria nabo bangaba nezinkinga zokugwinya.

IZIPHAKAMISO ZEZWI

Noma yini eguqula ukwakheka kwezintambo zezwi noma indlela ezisebenza ngayo kuzodala ukuphazamiseka kwezwi. Ukukhula okufana nesigaxa okufana namaqhuqhuva, ama-polyps, ama-cysts, ama-papillomas, ama-granulomas, nomdlavuza kungaba yicala. Lezi zinguquko zidala ukuthi izwi lizwakale lihlukile kunendlela elivame ukuzwakala ngayo.

Ezinye zalezi zinkinga zikhula kancane kancane, kepha noma ngubani angahlakulela ukukhubazeka kwenkulumo nolimi ngokungazelelwe, imvamisa ekuhlukumezeni.

U-APHASIA

• Isifo i-Alzheimer
• Isimila sobuchopho (esivame kakhulu ku-aphasia kune-dysarthria)
• Ukuwohloka komqondo
• Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda
• Unhlangothi
• Ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic kwesikhashana (i-TIA)

DYSARTHRIA

• Ukudakwa kotshwala
• Ukuwohloka komqondo
• Izifo ezithinta izinzwa nemisipha (izifo ze-neuromuscular), njenge-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS noma isifo seLou Gehrig), i-cerebral palsy, i-myasthenia gravis, noma i-multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Ukuhlukumezeka ebusweni
• Ubuthakathaka ebusweni, njengokukhubazeka kukaBell noma ubuthakathaka bolimi
• Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda
• Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza ekhanda nasentanyeni
• Ukuphazamiseka kohlelo (lwezinzwa) okuthinta ubuchopho, njengesifo i-Parkinson noma isifo se-Huntington (esivame kakhulu kwi-dysarthria kune-aphasia)
• Amazinyo okufakelwa angafaneleki kahle
• Imiphumela emibi yemithi esebenza ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, njenge-narcotic, phenytoin, noma i-carbamazepine
• Unhlangothi
• Ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic kwesikhashana (i-TIA)

IZIPHAKAMISO ZEZWI

• Ukukhula noma amaqhuqhuva ezintanjeni zezwi
• Abantu abasebenzisa kakhulu izwi labo (othisha, abaqeqeshi, abaculi) kungenzeka babe nezinkinga zezwi.

Kwi-dysarthria, izindlela zokusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana zifaka phakathi ukukhuluma kancane nokusebenzisa ukushukuma komzimba. Umndeni nabangane kudingeka banikeze isikhathi esiningi kulabo abanesifo sokuveza imizwa yabo. Ukuthayipha kudivayisi kagesi noma ukusebenzisa ipeni nephepha nakho kungasiza ngokuxhumana.

Nge-aphasia, amalungu omndeni angadinga ukunikela ngezikhumbuzi zokuma njalo, njengosuku lweviki. Ukudideka nokudideka kuvame ukwenzeka nge-aphasia.Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuxhumana ezingasho lutho nakho kungasiza.

Kubalulekile ukugcina indawo ekhululekile, ezolile futhi ugcine izinto ezishukumisayo zangaphandle zincane.

• Khuluma ngezwi elijwayelekile lephimbo (lesi simo akuyona inkinga yokuzwa noma yezemizwa).
• Sebenzisa amabinzana alula ukugwema ukungaqondani.
• Ungacabangi ukuthi umuntu uyaqonda.
• Nikeza izinsiza zokuxhumana, uma kungenzeka, kuya ngomuntu nesimo.

Ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo kungasiza ekucindezelekeni noma ekukhungathekeni abantu abaningi abanokukhubazeka ekukhulumeni abanakho.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki uma:

• Ukukhubazeka noma ukulahleka kokuxhumana kuza ngokuzumayo
• Kukhona noma yikuphi ukonakala okungachazeki kwenkulumo noma ulimi olubhaliwe

Ngaphandle kokuthi izinkinga zivele ngemuva komcimbi ophuthumayo, umhlinzeki uzothatha umlando wezokwelapha futhi enze ukuhlolwa komzimba. Umlando wezokwelapha ungadinga usizo lomndeni noma lwabangane.

Umhlinzeki cishe uzobuza mayelana nokukhubazeka kwenkulumo. Imibuzo ingafaka ukuthi inkinga yaqala nini, ngabe ngabe kwaba nokulimala yini, nokuthi imiphi imithi umuntu ayiphuzayo.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlonza okungenziwa kufaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• I-Cerebral angiography ukuhlola ukuhamba kwegazi ebuchosheni
• I-CT noma i-MRI scan yekhanda ukubheka izinkinga ezifana nesimila
• I-EEG ukukala umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho
• I-Electromyography (EMG) yokuhlola impilo yemisipha nezinzwa ezilawula imisipha
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar ukubheka uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo
• Ama-X-ray ogebhezi

Uma izivivinyo zithola ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha, kuzodingeka kuboniswane nabanye odokotela abangochwepheshe.

Ukuze uthole usizo ngenkinga yokukhuluma, kungenzeka ukuthi kuboniswane nodokotela wezinkulumo nolimi noma usonhlalonhle.

Ukukhubazeka kolimi; Ukukhubazeka kwenkulumo; Ukungakwazi ukukhuluma; I-Aphasia; IDysarthria; Inkulumo eshisiwe; Ukuphazamiseka kwezwi leDysphonia

Kirshner HS. I-Aphasia kanye ne-aphasic syndromes. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 13.

Kirshner HS. I-Dysarthria ne-apraxia yokukhuluma. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 14.

URossi RP, uKortte JH, uPalmer JB. Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo nolimi. Ku: Frontera WR, iSilver JK, uRizzo TD Jr, ama-eds. Okubalulekile Kwemithi Yomzimba Nokuvuselelwa. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 155.