Ukuguquka kwesikhumba okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhunjeni noma kolwelwesi lwamafinyila ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo egazini. Igama lezokwelapha i-cyanosis.

Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anikeza umoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba. Isikhathi esiningi, cishe wonke amangqamuzana abomvu egazi emithanjeni athwala umoya-mpilo ogcwele. Lawa maseli egazi abomvu ngokugqamile kanti isikhumba sibomvana noma sibomvu.

Igazi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo libomvu ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Abantu abanegazi eliphansi nge-oxygen bavame ukuba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhunjeni sabo. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanosis.

Ngokuya ngesizathu, i-cyanosis ingahle ivele ngokuzumayo, kanye nokuphefumula okuncane nezinye izimpawu.

I-cyanosis ebangelwa izinkinga zesikhathi eside zenhliziyo noma amaphaphu ingahle ikhule kancane. Izimpawu zingaba khona, kepha kaningi azibi kakhulu.

Lapho izinga le-oksijini lehle ngesilinganiso esincane kuphela, kungaba nzima ukuthola i-cyanosis.

Kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, i-cyanosis ingaba lula ukuyibona ezinhlakeni zomlomo (izindebe, izinsini, ezungeze amehlo) nezipikili.

Abantu abane-cyanosis ngokuvamile abanayo i-anemia (ukubalwa kwegazi okuphansi). I-anemia yisimo lapho umzimba ungenawo amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anele anele.

I-cyanosis ebonakala engxenyeni eyodwa kuphela yomzimba kungenzeka ukuthi ingenxa yokuthi:

• Ukuqina kwegazi okuvimba ukunikezwa kwegazi emlenzeni, enyaweni, esandleni, noma engalweni
• Isimo seRaynaud (isimo lapho amazinga okushisa abandayo noma imizwa enamandla ibangela ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi, evimba ukugeleza kwegazi liye eminweni, ezinzwaneni, ezindlebeni nasekhaleni)

UKUNGABI NE-OXYGEN EGAZI

Iningi le-cyanosis livela ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo egazini. Lokhu kungadalwa yizinkinga ezilandelayo.

Izinkinga ngamaphaphu:

• Ukuqina kwegazi emithanjeni yamaphaphu (embolism pulmonary)
• Ukuminza noma ukucwila eduze
• Ukuphakama okuphezulu
• Ukutheleleka ezindimeni zomoya ezincane kakhulu emaphashini ezingane, okubizwa nge-bronchiolitis
• Izinkinga zesikhathi eside zamaphaphu eziba nzima kakhulu, njenge-COPD, i-asthma, nesifo samaphaphu esiphakathi
• I-pneumonia (enzima)

Izinkinga ngemigwaqo yomoya eholela emaphashini:

• Ukubamba umoya (yize lokhu kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza)
• Ukuminca into ebhajwe ezindleleni zomoya
• Ukuvuvukala kuzungeze izintambo zamagama (croup)
• Ukuvuvukala kwezicubu (i-epiglottis) emboza i-windpipe (epiglottitis)

Izinkinga ngenhliziyo:

• Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okukhona lapho kuzalwa (kokuzalwa)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Inhliziyo iyeka ukusebenza (ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo)

Ezinye izinkinga:

• Ukweqisa izidakamizwa (izidakamizwa, ama-benzodiazepines, ama-sedatives)
• Ukuvezwa komoya obandayo noma amanzi
• Ukuquleka okuhlala isikhathi eside
• Ubuthi obufana ne-cyanide

Nge-cyanosis ebangelwa ukuvezwa mkhuba obandayo noma weRaynaud, gqoka ngokufudumele lapho uphumela ngaphandle noma uhlala egumbini elifudumele kahle.

Isikhumba se-Bluish singaba uphawu lwezinkinga eziningi ezinkulu zezokwelapha. Shayela noma vakashela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Kubantu abadala, shayela udokotela wakho noma u-911 uma unesikhumba esiluhlaza nokunye okulandelayo:

• Awukwazi ukuthola umoya ojulile noma ukuphefumula kwakho kuba nzima, noma ngokushesha
• Udinga ukuncika phambili lapho uhleli ukuze uphefumule
• Sisebenzisa imisipha ezungeze izimbambo ukuthola umoya owanele
• Yiba nobuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuba nekhanda kaningi kunokujwayelekile
• Zizwe ulele noma udidekile
• Yiba nomkhuhlane
• Bakhwehlela amafinyila amnyama

Ezinganeni, shayela udokotela noma u-911 uma ingane yakho inesikhumba esiluhlaza nokunye okulandelayo:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Imisipha yesifuba ihamba ngokuhogela ngakunye
• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha kunokuphefumula okungu-50 kuya ku-60 ngomzuzu (lapho ungakhali)
• Ukwenza umsindo wokububula
• Ukuhlala ngamahlombe kugonjiwe
• Ukhathele kakhulu
• Akuhambi kakhulu
• Inomzimba oxegayo noma onamadlangala
• Amakhala aphuma ngaphandle lapho ephefumula
• Awuzizwa uthanda ukudla
• Iyacasuka
• Unenkinga yokulala

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Lokhu kuzobandakanya ukulalela imisindo yokuphefumula neyenhliziyo yakho. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo (njengokushaqeka), uzoqiniswa kuqala.

Umhlinzeki uzobuza mayelana nezimpawu zakho. Imibuzo ingafaka:

• Isikhumba esiluhlaza saqala nini? Ingabe yafika kancane noma ngokuzumayo?
• Ingabe umzimba wakho uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka umzimba wonke? Kuthiwani ngezindebe zakho noma izipikili?
• Ingabe uke wachayeka emakhazeni noma waya endaweni ephakeme?
• Unenkinga yokuphefumula? Unobuhlungu bokukhwehlela noma besifuba?
• Ngabe unamaqakala, unyawo, noma ukuvuvukala emlenzeni?

Izivivinyo ezinga-odwa zifaka:

• Ukuhlaziywa kwegesi yegazi
• Ukugcwaliswa komoya-mpilo wegazi nge-pulse oximetry
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Isikena se-CT esifubeni
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• ECG
• I-Echocardiogram (i-ultrasound yenhliziyo)

Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuncike kumbangela we-cyanosis. Isibonelo, ungathola i-oksijini ngokuphefumula okufishane.

Izindebe - ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; Izinzipho zeminwe - eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; I-cyanosis; Izindebe nezinzipho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

• I-cyanosis yombhede wezipikili

UFernandez-Frackelton M. Cyanosis. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 11.

UMcGee S. Cyanosis. Ku: McGee S, ed. Ukuxilongwa Komzimba Okusekelwe Ebufakazini. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 9.