AmaRash

Ama-Rashes afaka ushintsho kumbala, ukuzwa noma ukuthungwa kwesikhumba sakho.

Imvamisa, imbangela yokuqubuka kunganqunywa ukuthi ibukeka kanjani nezimpawu zayo. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba, njenge-biopsy, kungasetshenziswa futhi ekusizeni ukuxilongwa. Kwezinye izikhathi, imbangela yokuqubuka ihlala ingaziwa.

Ukuqhuma okulula kubizwa ngokuthi yi-dermatitis, okusho ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba. Ukuxhumana nedermatitis kubangelwa izinto ezithinta isikhumba sakho, njenge:

• Amakhemikhali emikhiqizweni enwebekayo, e-latex, neyirabha
• Izimonyo, insipho, nezinsipho
• Odayi namanye amakhemikhali ezingutsheni
• Ubuthi i-ivy, i-oki, noma i-sumac

I-Seborrheic dermatitis ukuqubuka okuvela emaphepheni obomvu nokukala okuzungeze amashiya, amajwabu amehlo, umlomo, ikhala, isiqu nangemva kwezindlebe. Uma kwenzeka ekhanda lakho, kubizwa ngokuthi i-dandruff kubantu abadala kanye nekhanda lokuzala ezinganeni.

Iminyaka, ingcindezi, ukukhathala, ukweqisa kwesimo sezulu, isikhumba esinamafutha, ukugeza imoto njalo, kanye nokugcotshwa kotshwala kubhebhethekisa lesi simo esingenabungozi kodwa esihluphayo.

Ezinye izimbangela zokuqubuka zihlanganisa:

• I-eczema (atopic dermatitis) - Kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu abane-allergies noma i-asthma. Ukuqhuma ngokuvamile kubomvu, kuyaluma, futhi kunesikhumba.
• I-Psoriasis - Kuvame ukwenzeka njengokubomvu, isikhumba, amabala ngokuhlangana kwamalunga nasekhanda. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyaluma. Izinzipho zeminwe nazo zingathinteka.
• I-Impetigo - Ejwayelekile ezinganeni, lokhu kutheleleka kuvela kuma-bacteria ahlala ezingxenyeni eziphezulu zesikhumba. Kubonakala njengezilonda ezibomvu eziphenduka zibe ngamabhamuza, zikhuphuke, bese kuba uqweqwe olunemibala yoju ngaphezulu.
• I-Shingles - Isimo esibuhlungu sesikhumba esinamabala esidalwa yigciwane elifanayo nenkukhu. Igciwane lingahlala lilele emzimbeni wakho iminyaka eminingi liphinde livele lishayane. Imvamisa kuthinta uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba.
• Izifo zezingane ezifana nenkukhu, isimungumungwane, i-roseola, i-rubella, i-hand-foot-mouth disease, isifo sesihlanu nomkhuhlane obomvu.
• Imithi nokulunywa yizinambuzane noma ukulunywa.

Izimo eziningi zezokwelapha zingadala ukuqubuka futhi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-Lupus erythematosus (isifo somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni)
• Isifo samathambo, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwentsha
• Isifo seKawasaki (ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi)
• Ukutheleleka okuthile kwegciwane emzimbeni wonke (systemic), amagciwane noma ukhunta

Ama-rashes amaningi alula azothuthuka ngokunakekelwa kahle kwesikhumba nangokugwema izinto ezicasulayo. Landela le mihlahlandlela ejwayelekile:

• Gwema ukukhuhla isikhumba sakho.
• Sebenzisa izihlanzisi ezimnene
• Gwema ukusebenzisa izinto zokugcoba noma izithambiso ngqo ekuqubukeni.
• Sebenzisa amanzi afudumele (hhayi ashisayo) ukuhlanza. Pat omile, musa ukugcoba.
• Yeka ukusebenzisa noma yiziphi izimonyo ezisanda kufakwa noma ama-lotion.
• Shiya indawo ethintekile ivezwe emoyeni ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Zama i-calamine lotion elungiselelwe ubuthi i-ivy, i-oki, noma i-sumac, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokuxhumana nesikhumba.

Ukhilimu we-Hydrocortisone (1%) utholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela futhi ungadambisa ukuqubuka okuningi. Okhilimu abanamandla be-cortisone bayatholakala ngomuthi kadokotela. Uma une-eczema, gcoba amafutha okuthambisa isikhumba sakho. Zama imikhiqizo yokugeza oatmeal, etholakala ezitolo zemithi, ukuqeda izimpawu ze-eczema noma i-psoriasis. Ama-antihistamine omlomo angasiza ukukhulula isikhumba esilumayo.

Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo uma:

• Uphelelwa umoya, umphimbo uqinile, noma ubuso buvuvukile
• Ingane yakho inokuqubuka okunsomi okubukeka njengokulimala

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma:

• Unobuhlungu obuhlangene, umkhuhlane, noma umphimbo obuhlungu
• Unemigqa yokubomvu, yokuvuvukala, noma yezindawo ezinethenda kakhulu ngoba lokhu kungakhombisa ukutheleleka
• Uthatha umuthi omusha - UNGAGUQUKI noma umise noma imiphi imithi yakho ngaphandle kokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho
• Ungase ulunywe umkhaza
• Ukwelashwa kwasekhaya akusebenzi, noma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nezimpawu. Imibuzo ingafaka:

• Ukuqubuka kwaqala nini?
• Yiziphi izingxenye zomzimba wakho ezithintekayo?
• Ingabe kukhona okwenza ukuqubuka kube ngcono? Okubi kakhulu?
• Ngabe usebenzise izinsipho ezintsha, okokuhlanza, ama-lotion, noma izimonyo muva nje?
• Ngabe uke waba kunoma yiziphi izindawo ezinamahlathi muva nje?
• Uke waqaphela umkhaza noma ukulunywa yizinambuzane?
• Ngabe kukhona okushintshile emithini yakho?
• Uke wadla noma yini engajwayelekile?
• Ngabe unezinye izimpawu, njengokuluma noma ukukala?
• Yiziphi izinkinga zezokwelapha onazo, njengesifuba somoya noma ukungezwani nezinto ezithile komzimba?
• Ngabe usanda kuphuma endaweni ohlala kuyo?

Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Isikhumba biopsy
• Ukusikwa kwesikhumba

Ngokuya ngesizathu sokuqubuka kwakho, izindlela zokwelashwa zingafaka okhilimu noma imithi yokugcoba, imithi ethathwe ngomlomo, noma ukuhlinzwa kwesikhumba.

Abahlinzeki abaningi bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo bakhululekile ukubhekana nokuqubuka okuvamile. Ngezinkinga zesikhumba eziyinkimbinkimbi, ungadinga ukuthunyelwa kudokotela wesikhumba.

Ukubomvu kwesikhumba noma ukuvuvukala; Isikhumba lesion; Rubor; Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba; U-Erythema

• Ukuqubuka kwesihlahla se-oki engalweni
• I-Erythema toxicum onyaweni
• I-Acrodermatitis
• URoseola
• Amaswazi
• I-cellulitis
• I-Erythema annulare centrifugum - ukusondela
• I-Psoriasis - i-guttate engalweni nasesifubeni
• I-Psoriasis - i-guttate esihlathini
• Ukuqubuka kwesistimu ye-lupus erythematosus ebusweni
• Ubuthi obunobuthi emadolweni
• Ubuthi obunobuthi emlenzeni
• I-Erythema multiforme, izilonda eziyindilinga - izandla
• I-Erythema multiforme, izilonda ezibhekiswe entendeni yesandla
• I-Erythema multiforme emlenzeni

UJames WD, u-Elston DM, Phatha i-JR, i-Rosenbach MA, i-IM ye-Neuhaus. Izimpawu ezisikiwe kanye nokuxilongwa. Ku: James WD, Elston DM, Treat JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM, eds. Izifo zika-Andrews ’Zesikhumba. Umhlaka 13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 2.

Ko CJ. Indlela izifo zesikhumba. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 407.