Amafontianeles - ukuqhuma

I-fontanelle eqhakazile ukujika kwangaphandle kwendawo ethambile yosana (fontanelle).

Ukhakhayi lwakhiwe ngamathambo amaningi, u-8 kugebhezi uqobo lwalo kanti olungu-14 lusendaweni yobuso. Ziyahlangana zenze umgodi oqinile, wamathambo ovikela futhi osekele ubuchopho. Izindawo lapho amathambo ahlangana khona zibizwa ngokuthi ama-sutures.

Amathambo awahlanganisiwe ngokuqinile lapho ezalwa. Lokhu kuvumela ikhanda ukuthi lishintshe ukwakheka ukuze lisize lidlule emseleni wokuzalwa. Ama-suture afakwa amaminerali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi aqinise, ahlanganise ngokuqinile amathambo ogebhezi ndawonye.

Enganeni, isikhala lapho ama-suture amabili ajoyina khona senza "indawo ethambile" embozwe ulwelwesi ebizwa nge-fontanelle (fontanel). Ama-fontanelles avumela ukukhula kobuchopho nogebhezi phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wosana.

Ngokuvamile kunama-fontanel amaningi amaningana kugebhezi lomntwana osanda kuzalwa. Zitholakala ikakhulukazi phezulu, emuva, nasezinhlangothini zekhanda. Njengama-suture, ama-fontanelles aqina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi avaleke, izindawo ezinamathambo aqinile.

• I-fontanelle engemuva kwekhanda (posterior fontanelle) imvamisa ivalwa lapho usana lunezinyanga ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2 ubudala.
• I-fontanelle phezulu ekhanda (anterior fontanelle) imvamisa ivala phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-7 kuye kwezingu-19.

Ama-fontanelles kufanele azizwe eqinile futhi egobile kancane ngaphakathi ekuthinteni. I-fontanelle eshubile noma ekhukhumezayo yenzeka lapho uketshezi lukhula ebuchosheni noma ebuchosheni luvuvuka, lubangele ingcindezi enkulu ngaphakathi kogebhezi.

Lapho umntwana ekhala, elele phansi, noma ehlanza, ama-fontanelles angahle abukeke sengathi ayaqhuma. Kodwa-ke, kufanele babuyele kokujwayelekile lapho umntwana esesimweni sokuzola, sokubamba ikhanda.

Izizathu ingane engaba nama-fontanelles amakhulu zihlanganisa:

• I-Encephalitis. Ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) kobuchopho, imvamisa kungenxa yezifo.
• IHydrocephalus. Ukwakheka koketshezi ngaphakathi kogebhezi.
• Ukwanda kwengcindezi yokungasebenzi.
• I-Meningitis. Ukutheleleka kolwelwesi olumboze ubuchopho.

Uma i-fontanelle ibuyela ekubukekeni okujwayelekile lapho ingane izolile futhi inamakhanda, akuyona i-fontanelle eqhuma ngempela.

Ngokushesha, ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka kunoma yiluphi usana olune-fontanelle eqhuma ngempela, ikakhulukazi uma lwenzeka kanye nomkhuhlane noma ukozela ngokweqile.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi abuze imibuzo ngomlando wezokwelapha wengane, njenge:

• Ngabe "indawo ethambile" ibuyela ekubonakaleni okujwayelekile lapho usana luzolile noma lubheke phezulu?
• Ngabe iyaqhuma ngaso sonke isikhathi noma ifika idlule?
• Uqale nini ukukuqaphela lokhu?
• Yimaphi ama-fontanelles bulge (phezulu kwekhanda, emuva kwekhanda, noma okunye)?
• Ngabe wonke ama-fontanelles aqhuma?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezikhona (ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukucasuka, noma ukucobeka)?

Izivivinyo zokuxilonga ezingenziwa yilezi:

• I-CT scan yekhanda
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI kwekhanda
• Thepha umgogodla (ukubhoboza i-lumbar)

Indawo ethambile - ukuqhuma; Amafonti aqhamukayo

• Ukhakhayi losana olusanda kuzalwa
• Amafonti aqhamukayo

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IRosenberg GA. I-edema yobuchopho nokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwe-cerebrospinal fluid. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 88.

ISomand DM, uMeurer WJ. Izifo zesistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 99.