Iphaneli yegciwane le-Hepatitis

Iphaneli yegciwane le-hepatitis uchungechunge lwezivivinyo zegazi ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola ukutheleleka kwamanje noma okwedlule nge-hepatitis A, hepatitis B, noma i-hepatitis C. Ingabheka amasampula egazi ngohlobo olungaphezu kolulodwa lwegciwane lesifo sofuba ngasikhathi sinye.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody ne-antigen kungathola igciwane ngalinye le-hepatitis elihlukile.

Qaphela: I-Hepatitis D ibanga kuphela izifo kubantu abane-hepatitis B. Akuhlolwa njalo kuphaneli ye-hepatitis antibody.

Igazi livame ukukhishwa emthanjeni ovela ngaphakathi kwendololwane noma ngemuva kwesandla. Isiza sihlanzwa ngemithi yokubulala amagciwane (isinqandakuvunda). Umhlinzeki wezempilo usonga ibhande lokunwebeka engalweni engenhla ukufaka ingcindezi endaweni nokwenza umthambo uvuvukale ngegazi.

Okulandelayo, umhlinzeki ufaka kahle inaliti emthanjeni. Igazi liqoqelwa emgudwini womoya onamathele enalithini. Ibhande lokunwebeka lisusiwe engalweni yakho.Lapho igazi seliqoqiwe, inaliti iyasuswa. Indawo yokubhoboza imbozwe ukumisa noma yikuphi ukopha.

Ezinsaneni noma ezinganeni ezincane, ithuluzi elibukhali elibizwa ngokuthi i-lancet lingasetshenziselwa ukubhoboza isikhumba nokusenza siphume igazi. Igazi liqoqelwa eshibhini elincane lengilazi, noma ku-slide noma kumugqa wokuhlola. Ibhandishi lingabekwa ngaphezu kwendawo uma kukhona ukopha.

Isampuli yegazi ithunyelwa ebhodini ukuze ihlolwe. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (i-serology) kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ama-antibody kumagciwane ngamunye we-hepatitis.

Akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo.

Abanye abantu babuzwa ubuhlungu obulinganiselwe lapho kufakwa inaliti ukuze kutholakale igazi. Abanye bazizwa behlatshwa noma bezwa nje kuphela. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungazizwa ushaywa umoya.

Umhlinzeki wakho anga-oda lokhu kuhlolwa uma unezimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi. Isetshenziselwa uku:

• Thola ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis kwamanje noma okwedlule
• Thola ukuthi umuntu utheleleka kangakanani ngesifo sofuba
• Gada umuntu owelashelwa i-hepatitis

Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa kwezinye izimo, njenge:

• Isifo sokusha kwesibindi esingapheli
• I-Hepatitis D (umenzeli we-delta)
• I-Nephrotic syndrome
• I-Cryoglobulinemia
• I-Porphyria cutanea tarda
• I-Erythema multiforme ne-nodosum

Umphumela ojwayelekile usho ukuthi awekho ama-antibodies e-hepatitis atholakala kusampula yegazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngomphumela ongemuhle.

Amanani wamanani ajwayelekile angahluka kancane ngokuya ngelebhu elenza isivivinyo. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nencazelo yemiphumela yakho ethile yokuhlolwa.

Kunezivivinyo ezehlukene zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A nesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Ukuhlolwa okuthembekile kubhekwa njengokungajwayelekile.

Ukuhlolwa okuhle kungasho ukuthi:

• Okwamanje unesifo se-hepatitis. Lokhu kungaba ukutheleleka okusha (i-hepatitis ebukhali), noma kungaba ukutheleleka obe nakho isikhathi eside (i-hepatitis engapheli).
• Ubunokutheleleka kwe-hepatitis esikhathini esedlule, kepha awusenalo leli gciwane futhi awukwazi ukusisakaza kwabanye.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis A:

• Amasosha omzimba alwa ne-IgM anti-hepatitis A (HAV), uthole ukutheleleka kwakamuva nge-hepatitis A
• Amanani omzimba aphelele (i-IgM ne-IgG) e-hepatitis A, unesifo sangaphambilini noma esedlule, noma ukuzivikela ku-hepatitis A

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis B:

• I-Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg): unesifo esisebenzayo se-hepatitis B, kungaba esanda kwenzeka noma esingapheli (isikhathi eside)
• I-antibody ye-hepatitis B core antigen (i-Anti-HBc), unesifo se-hepatitis B esisanda kwenzeka noma esedlule
• I-Antibody ye-HBsAg (Anti-HBs): unesifo esedlule se-hepatitis B noma uthole umuthi wokugoma i-hepatitis B futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi utheleleke
• Uhlobo lwe-Hepatitis B anti e (HBeAg): unesifo esingelapheki se-hepatitis B futhi kungenzeka ukuthi usakaze ukutheleleka kwabanye ngokuxhumana ngocansi noma ngokwabelana ngezinaliti.

Ama-antibody e-hepatitis C angavame ukutholakala emasontweni amane kuya kwayishumi ngemuva kokuthola ukutheleleka. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlolwa zingenziwa ukunquma ukwelashwa nokuqapha ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis C.

Izingozi ezihambisana nokudonswa igazi zincane, kepha zingafaka:

• Ukopha ngokweqile
• Ukuquleka noma uzizwe unekhanda elincane
• I-hematoma (ukuqoqwa kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba)
• Ukutheleleka (ingozi encane noma kunini lapho isikhumba siphukile)

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis A antibody; Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis B antibody; Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C antibody; Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis D antibody

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Igciwane le-Hepatitis B
• I-Erythema multiforme, izilonda eziyindilinga - izandla

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UPawlotsky JM. I-hepatitis engapheli yegciwane kanye ne-autoimmune. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 149.

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