Ukuhlolwa kotshwala bomoya

Ukuhlolwa kokuphuza utshwala kunquma ukuthi bungakanani utshwala egazini lakho. Isivivinyo silinganisa inani lotshwala emoyeni ophefumulela ngaphandle (ukhipha).

Kunemikhiqizo eminingi yokuhlolwa kokuphuza utshwala. Ngamunye usebenzisa indlela ehlukile ukuhlola izinga lotshwala ekuphefumuleni. Umshini ungaba nge-elekthronikhi noma ngesandla.

Umhloli oyedwa ovamile uhlobo lwebhaluni. Uqhumisa ibhaluni ngomoya owodwa uze ugcwale. Ube usukhipha umoya ube yishubhu lengilazi. Ishubhu ligcwele amabhande amakristalu aphuzi. Amabhande asethunjini ashintsha imibala (kusuka kokuphuzi kuye kokuluhlaza), kuya ngokuqukethwe utshwala. Funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isivivinyo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uthola umphumela onembile.

Uma kusetshenziswa imitha kagesi yotshwala, landela imiyalo eza nemitha.

Linda imizuzu engu-15 ngemuva kokuphuza isiphuzo esidakayo kanye neminithi eli-1 ngemuva kokubhema ngaphambi kokuqala isivivinyo.

Akukho ukungakhululeki.

Uma uphuza utshwala, inani lotshwala egazini lakho liyakhuphuka. Lokhu kubizwa ngezinga lakho lotshwala egazini.

Lapho inani lotshwala egazini lifinyelela ku-0.02% laya ku-0.03%, ungazizwa uphumule "phezulu".

Lapho lelo phesenti lifinyelela ku-0.05% kuya ku-0.10%, une:

• Ukuncipha kwemisipha
• Isikhathi sokuphendula eside
• Ukwahlulela okungalungile nezimpendulo

Ukushayela nokusebenzisa imishini uma "uphakeme" noma udakiwe (udakiwe) kuyingozi. Umuntu onezinga lotshwala elingu-0.08% nangaphezulu uthathwa njengomuntu odakwe ngokomthetho ezifundazweni eziningi. (Ezinye izifundazwe zinamazinga aphansi kunamanye.)

Okuqukethwe ngotshwala komoya ophefumulayo kukhombisa ngokunembile okuqukethwe kotshwala egazini.

Okujwayelekile kulapho izinga lotshwala egazini linguziro.

Ngendlela yebhaluni:

• I-1 band eluhlaza kusho ukuthi izinga le-alcohol-alcohol lingu-0.05% noma liphansi
• Amabhendi ama-2 aluhlaza asho izinga eliphakathi kuka-0.05% no-0.10%
• Ama-band amathathu aluhlaza asho izinga eliphakathi kuka-0.10% no-0.15%

Azikho izingozi ngokuhlolwa kokuphuza utshwala.

Isivivinyo asilinganisi amakhono okushayela omuntu. Amandla okushayela ayahluka phakathi kwabantu abanezinga elifanayo lotshwala egazini. Abanye abantu abanezinga elingaphansi kuka-0.05% kungenzeka bangakwazi ukushayela ngokuphepha. Kubantu abaphuza kuphela kwesinye isikhathi, izinkinga zokwahlulela zenzeka ezingeni elingu-0.02% kuphela.

Ukuhlolwa kokuphefumula kotshwala kukusiza ukuthi wazi ukuthi kudingeka utshwala obungakanani ukukhuphula izinga lotshwala egazini libe yingozi. Impendulo yomuntu ngamunye otshwaleni iyahlukahluka. Ukuhlolwa kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezingcono mayelana nokushayela ngemuva kokuphuza.

Utshwala test - umoya

• Ukuhlolwa kotshwala bomoya

UFinnell JT. Isifo esihlobene notshwala. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 142.

O'Connor PG. Izinkinga zokusebenzisa utshwala. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 30.