I-Amniocentesis

I-Amniocentesis isivivinyo esingenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukubheka izinkinga ezithile enganeni ekhulayo. Lezi zinkinga zifaka:

• Izinkinga zokuzalwa
• Izinkinga zofuzo
• Ukutheleleka
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphaphu

I-Amniocentesis isusa inani elincane loketshezi esikhwameni esizungeze ingane esibelethweni (isibeletho). Kuvame ukwenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela noma esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Awudingi ukuhlala esibhedlela.

Uzoba ne-ultrasound yokukhulelwa kuqala. Lokhu kusiza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuthi abone ukuthi ingane ikuphi esibelethweni sakho.

Umuthi we-numbing uhlikihlwa engxenyeni yesisu sakho. Kwesinye isikhathi, umuthi unikezwa ngokudutshulwa esikhumbeni esiswini. Isikhumba sihlanzwa ngoketshezi olubulala amagciwane.

Umhlinzeki wakho ufaka inaliti ende ezacile esiswini sakho nasesibelethweni sakho. Inani elincane loketshezi (cishe amathisipuni ama-4 noma ama-milliliters angama-20) liyasuswa esikhwameni esizungeze ingane. Ezimweni eziningi, ingane ibhekwa yi-ultrasound ngesikhathi senqubo.

Uketshezi luthunyelwa elabhorethri. Ukuhlola kungafaka:

• Izifundo zofuzo
• Ukukala kwamazinga e-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (into ekhiqizwa esibindini sengane ekhulayo)
• Isiko lokutheleleka

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kofuzo imvamisa ithatha cishe amasonto ama-2. Eminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibuya ezinsukwini ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3.

Kwesinye isikhathi i-amniocentesis ibuye isetshenziswe kamuva ekukhulelweni ukuze:

• Thola izifo
• Hlola ukuthi amaphaphu engane athuthukile yini futhi alungele ukulethwa
• Susa uketshezi oluningi ngapha nangapha kwengane uma kukhona uketshezi oluningi lwe-amniotic (polyhydramnios)

Isinye sakho singadinga ukugcwala i-ultrasound. Buza umhlinzeki wakho ngalokhu.

Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, igazi lingathathwa ukuthola uhlobo lwegazi lakho ne-Rh factor. Ungathola isibhamu somuthi obizwa ngeRho (D) Immune Globulin (RhoGAM kanye neminye imikhiqizo) uma une-Rh negative.

I-Amniocentesis ivame ukunikelwa kwabesifazane abasengozini enkulu yokuba nengane enokukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi abesifazane abenza lokhu:

• Uzoba neminyaka engama-35 noma ngaphezulu lapho bezala
• Kube nokuhlolwa kokuhlola okukhombisa ukuthi kungaba khona ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa noma enye inkinga
• Ngibe nezingane ezinokukhubazeka kokuzalwa kokunye ukukhulelwa
• Yiba nomlando womndeni wokuphazamiseka kofuzo

Ukwelulekwa ngofuzo kunconywa ngaphambi kwenqubo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi:

• Funda ngezinye izivivinyo zokubeletha
• Yenza isinqumo esinolwazi mayelana nezinketho zokuxilongwa kokubeletha

Lokhu kuhlolwa:

• Ingabe ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga, hhayi ukuhlolwa kokuhlola
• Inembe kakhulu ekuhloleni i-Down syndrome
• Kuvame ukwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20, kepha kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi phakathi kwamasonto ayi-15 kuye kwangama-40

I-Amniocentesis ingasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga izinkinga eziningi zofuzo kanye ne-chromosome enganeni, kufaka phakathi:

• I-Anencephaly (lapho ingane ilahlekelwa yingxenye enkulu yobuchopho)
• I-Down syndrome
• Izinkinga ezivamile zemetabolism ezidluliselwa emindenini
• Ezinye izinkinga zofuzo, njenge-trisomy 18
• Ukutheleleka ku-amniotic fluid

Umphumela ojwayelekile usho:

• Azikho izinkinga zofuzo noma ze-chromosome ezitholakele enganeni yakho.
• Amazinga e-Bilirubin ne-alpha-fetoprotein avela njengokujwayelekile.
• Azikho izimpawu zokutheleleka ezitholakele.

Qaphela: I-Amniocentesis imvamisa iyisivivinyo esinembe kunazo zonke sezimo zofuzo nokungalungi, yize kungavamile, ingane isengaba nezakhi zofuzo noma ezinye izinhlobo zokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, noma ngabe imiphumela ye-amniocentesis ijwayelekile.

Umphumela ongajwayelekile ungasho ukuthi ingane yakho ine:

• Inkinga yofuzo noma i-chromosome, njenge-Down syndrome
• Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa okubandakanya umgogodla noma ubuchopho, njenge-spina bifida

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nencazelo yemiphumela yakho ethile yokuhlolwa. Buza umhlinzeki wakho:

• Isimo noma ukukhubazeka kungaphathwa kanjani ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngemuva kokukhulelwa kwakho
• Yiziphi izidingo ezikhethekile ingane yakho engaba nazo ngemuva kokuzalwa
• Yikuphi okunye ongakhetha kukho mayelana nokugcina noma ukuqeda ukukhulelwa kwakho

Izingozi zincane, kepha zingafaka:

• Ukutheleleka noma ukulimala kwengane
• Ukuphuphuma kwesisu
• Kuvuza uketshezi lwe-amniotic
• Ukopha kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane

Amasiko - uketshezi lwe-amniotic; Amasiko - amaseli we-amniotic; I-Alpha-fetoprotein - amniocentesis

• I-Amniocentesis
• I-Amniocentesis
• I-Amniocentesis - uchungechunge

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IPatterson DA, Andazola JJ. I-Amniocentesis. Ku: Fowler GC, ama-eds. Izinqubo zikaPfenninger noFowler zokuNakekela okuyisisekelo. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 144.

U-Wapner RJ, Dugoff L. Ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kokubeletha kwezifo zokuzalwa. Ku: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM, abahleli. ICreasy neResnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 32.