Izinsizakalo zokufakelwa kabusha

Ukufakelwa kabusha kuyinkqubo eyenziwayo ukufaka esinye sezitho zakho esikhundleni sowomzimba ophilile kusuka komunye umuntu. Ukuhlinzwa kuyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, yesikhathi eside.

Ochwepheshe abaningana bazokusiza ukulungiselela inqubo, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ukhululekile ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, phakathi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.

Ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwesinye isikhathi kwenziwa ukuze kushintshwe isitho somzimba esigulayo ngesinempilo.

UKUHUNYUSHWA KWEZITHUTHI EZIMILE

• Ukufakelwa kweseli kwe-auto islet kwenziwa ngemuva kokuthi umuntu asuswe amanyikwe ngenxa yesifo sohudo lwengqondo sesikhathi eside (esingapheli). Inqubo ithatha amaseli akhiqiza i-insulin emanyikwe bese iwabuyisela emzimbeni womuntu.
• Ukufakelwa kwe-Corneal kufaka esikhundleni se-cornea eyonakele noma enesifo. I-cornea yisicubu esicacile ngaphambili kweso esiza ukugxila ekukhanyeni kwi-retina. Kuyingxenye yeso lapho ilensi yokuxhumana ihlala khona.
• Ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo kuyindlela yomuntu onenkinga yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo engaphendulanga ekwelashweni.
• Ukufakelwa kwamathumbu kuyindlela yabantu abanesifo esifushane noma isifo esifushane samathumbu noma isifo sesibindi esithuthukile, noma okufanele bathole zonke izakhi ngomugqa wokudla.
• Ukufakelwa kwezinso kuyindlela yomuntu ohluleka izinso isikhathi eside (esingapheli). Kungenziwa ngokufakelwa kwezinso-amanyikwe.
• Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kungaba ukuphela kwendlela yomuntu onesifo sesibindi okuholele ekuhlulekeni kwesibindi.
• Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungathatha indawo eyodwa noma womabili amaphaphu. Kungaba ukuphela kwento ongayikhetha umuntu onesifo samaphaphu ongakatholi okungcono esebenzisa eminye imithi nokwelashwa, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi aphile isikhathi esingaphansi kweminyaka emibili.

UKUTSHALALISWA KWEGAZI / KWAMATHAMBO (STEM CELL TRANSPLANTS)

Ungadinga ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell uma unesifo esilimaza amaseli emnkantsheni wethambo, noma uma uthola imithamo ephezulu ye-chemotherapy noma i-radiation.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lokufakelwa kabusha, inqubo yakho ingabizwa ngokuthi ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo, ukufakelwa kwegazi ngentambo, noma ukufakelwa kwegazi okuvela emaphethelweni egazi. Womathathu la maseli asebenzisa iziqu, okungamaseli angavuthiwe aletha wonke amaseli egazi. Ukufakwa kwama-stem cell kuyafana nokumpontshelwa igazi futhi imvamisa akudingi ukuhlinzwa.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile zokufakelwa:

• Ukufakelwa kwe-Autologous kusebenzisa amangqamuzana akho egazi noma umnkantsha.
• Ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic kusebenzisa amaseli egazi lomnikeli noma umnkantsha. Ukufakelwa kabusha kwe-syngeneic allogeneic kusebenzisa amaseli noma umnkantsha wethambo elivela kwiwele lomuntu elifanayo.

IQEMBU LENKONZO YOKUTSHITSHALA

Ithimba lezinsizakalo zokufakelwa lifaka ochwepheshe abakhethwe ngokucophelela, kufaka phakathi:

• Odokotela abahlinzayo abagxile ekwenzeni ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba
• Odokotela bezokwelapha
• Ama-Radiologists nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bezithombe
• Abahlengikazi
• Ochwepheshe bezifo ezithathelwanayo
• Abelaphi bomzimba
• Odokotela bengqondo, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, nabanye abeluleki
• Abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle
• Izazi zokudla okunomsoco nezazi zokudla

NGAPHAMBI KOKUTSHALALWA KWANGAPHAMBILI

Uzoba nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwezokwelapha ukukhomba nokwelapha zonke izinkinga zezokwelapha, ezinjengezinso nesifo senhliziyo.

Ithimba lokufakelwa kabusha lizokuhlola futhi libuyekeze umlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuthola ukuthi uyahlangabezana yini nenqubo yokufakelwa komzimba. Izinhlobo eziningi zokufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba zinemihlahlandlela echaza ukuthi hlobo luni lomuntu olungazuza kakhulu ekufakelweni futhi luzokwazi ukuphatha inqubo eyinselele.

Uma iqembu lokufakelwa likholelwa ukuthi ungumuntu ofanelekayo wokufakelwa kabusha, uzofakwa ohlwini lokulinda lukazwelonke. Indawo yakho ohlwini lokulinda isuselwa ezicini eziningi, ezincike ohlotsheni lokufakelwa kabusha okutholayo.

Uma usuhlwini lokulinda, ukuqala kokufuna umnikeli ofanayo kuyaqala. Izinhlobo zabanikeli zincike ekufakweni kwakho okuthile, kepha faka:

• Umnikeli ohlobene ophilayo uhlobene nawe, njengomzali, ingane yakini, noma ingane.
• Umnikeli ophilayo ongahlobene ungumuntu, njengomngani noma oshade naye.
• Umnikeli ongasekho ngumuntu osanda kushona. Inhliziyo, isibindi, izinso, amaphaphu, amathumbu namanyikwe kungatholwa kumuntu onikela ngomzimba.

Ngemuva kokunikela ngesitho, abanikeli abaphilayo bangaphila impilo ejwayelekile, nenempilo.

Kufanele ukhombe umndeni, abangane, noma abanye abanakekeli abanganikeza usizo nokusekelwa ngesikhathi nangemva kwenqubo yokufakelwa kabusha.

Uzofuna nokulungisa ikhaya lakho ukulenza likhululeke lapho ubuya ngemuva kokuphuma esibhedlela.

NGEMVA KOKUTSHALALA

Ukuhlala kwakho isikhathi eside esibhedlela kuncike ohlotsheni lokufakelwa onalo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwakho esibhedlela, uzobonwa nsuku zonke yithimba lezinsizakalo zokufakelwa.

Abaxhumanisi bakho bezinsizakalo zokufakelwa bazohlela ukukhishwa kwakho. Bazoxoxa nawe ngezinhlelo zokunakekelwa ekhaya, ezokuthutha ezivakashelwe emtholampilo, nezindlu, uma kudingeka.

Uzotshelwa ukuthi ungazinakekela kanjani ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha. Lokhu kuzobandakanya imininingwane mayelana:

• Imithi
• Kukangaki udinga ukuvakashela udokotela noma umtholampilo
• Yimiphi imisebenzi yansuku zonke evunyelwe noma evinjelwe

Ngemuva kokuphuma esibhedlela, uzobuyela ekhaya.

Uzoba nokulandelwa ngezikhathi ezithile neqembu lokufakelwa, kanye nodokotela wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko kanye nanoma yibaphi abanye ochwepheshe abanganconywa. Ithimba lezinsizakalo zokufakelwa lizotholakala ukuphendula noma imiphi imibuzo ongaba nayo.

I-Adams AB, iFord M, iLarsen CP. Ukufakelwa kwe-immunobiology kanye ne-immunosuppression. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. ISabiston Incwadi Yokuhlinzwa: Isisekelo Sebhayoloji Sokuzijwayeza Kwamanje Kokuhlinzwa. Umhla ka-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 24.

IStreat SJ. Umnikelo womzimba. Ku: Bersten AD, Handy JM, eds. Ibhukwana Lokunakekela Abagula Ngokujulile. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 102.

I-United Network yokwabelana ngewebhusayithi. Ukufakelwa kabusha. unos.org/transplant/. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 22, 2020.

Imininingwane kaHulumeni wase-U.S. Kuwebhusayithi yomnikelo womzimba nokufakelwa kabusha. Funda ngomnikelo womzimba. www.organdonor.gov/about.html. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 22, 2020.