I-lymph node biopsy

I-lymph node biopsy ukususwa kwezicubu ze-lymph node zokuhlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Ama-lymph node yizindlala ezincane ezenza amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (ama-lymphocyte), alwa nokutheleleka. Ama-lymph node angabamba amagciwane abangela ukutheleleka. Umdlavuza ungasakazeka kuma-lymph node.

I-lymph node biopsy ivame ukwenziwa egumbini lokuhlinza esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokuhlinza esingaphandle. I-biopsy ingenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.

I-biopsy evulekile ukuhlinzwa ukususa konke noma ingxenye ye-lymph node. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa uma kune-lymph node engazwakala ekuhlolweni. Lokhu kungenziwa nge-anesthesia yendawo (umuthi we-numbing) ojojowe endaweni, noma ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Inqubo yenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Ulele etafuleni lokuhlola. Unganikezwa umuthi wokukuthoba futhi uzokozela noma ungahle ube ne-anesthesia ejwayelekile, okusho ukuthi ulele futhi awunazinhlungu.
• Isiza se-biopsy siyahlanzwa.
• Ukusikwa okuncane kokuhlinzwa (ukusikwa) kwenziwa. I-lymph node noma ingxenye ye-node iyasuswa.
• Ukusikeka kuvaliwe ngemithungo futhi kusetshenziswa ibhandishi noma ukunamathiselwa kuketshezi.
• I-biopsy evulekile ingathatha imizuzu engama-30 kuye kwengama-45.

Kweminye imidlavuza, indlela ekhethekile yokuthola i-lymph node engcono kakhulu ku-biopsy isetshenziswa. Lokhu kubizwa nge-sentinel lymph node biopsy, futhi kubandakanya:

Inani elincane le-tracer, kungaba i-radioactive tracer (i-radioisotope) noma idayi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma zombili, lifakwa endaweni yesimila noma endaweni yesimila.

I-tracer noma idayi igeleza endaweni eseduze (yendawo) noma ama-node. Lawa maqhuqhuva abizwa ngokuthi ama-sentinel node. Ama-sentinel node angama-lymph node okuqala lapho umdlavuza ungasakazeka khona.

I-sentinel node noma ama-node asusiwe.

I-lymph node biopsies esiswini ingasuswa nge-laparoscope. Leli yishubhu elincane elinokukhanya nekhamera elifakwa ngokusikeka okuncane esiswini. Kuzokwenziwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu okunye futhi kuzofakwa amathuluzi okusiza ukususa i-node. I-lymph node itholakala futhi ingxenye noma konke kuyasuswa. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, okusho ukuthi umuntu onale nqubo uzobe elele futhi engenazinhlungu.

Ngemuva kokuthi isampuli isusiwe, ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe.

I-needle biopsy ihilela ukufaka inaliti ku-lymph node. Lolu hlobo lwe-biopsy lungenziwa yi-radiologist ene-anesthesia yendawo, kusetshenziswa i-ultrasound noma i-CT scan ukuthola i-node.

Tshela umhlinzeki wakho:

• Uma ukhulelwe
• Uma kukhona ukungezwani komzimba nomuthi
• Uma unezinkinga zokopha
• Imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo (kufaka phakathi noma iziphi izithasiselo noma amakhambi)

Umhlinzeki wakho angakucela ukuthi:

• Yeka ukuthatha noma iziphi izinciphisi zegazi, njenge-aspirin, i-heparin, i-warfarin (i-Coumadin), noma i-clopidogrel (i-Plavix) njengoba kuqondisiwe
• Ungadli noma uphuze noma yini ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa komzimba
• Fika ngesikhathi esithile ngenqubo

Lapho kufakwa umjovo wokubulala izinzwa endaweni, uzozwa ukubhoboza nokuhlaba kancane. Isayithi le-biopsy lizoba buhlungu izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa.

Ngemuva kwe-biopsy evulekile noma ye-laparoscopic, ubuhlungu bumnene futhi ungabulawula kalula ngomuthi wezinhlungu ongaphezulu kwamanani. Ungabona futhi ukulimaza noma ukuvuza okoketshezi izinsuku ezimbalwa. Landela imiyalo yokunakekela ukusikwa. Ngenkathi ukuqubuka kuphulukisa, gwema noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuzivocavoca okukhulu noma ukuphakamisa okunzima okubangela ubuhlungu noma ukungaphatheki kahle. Buza umhlinzeki wakho ngemiyalo ethile mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ongayenza.

Isivivinyo sisetshenziselwa ukuthola umdlavuza, i-sarcoidosis, noma ukutheleleka (okufana nesifo sofuba):

• Lapho wena noma umhlinzeki wakho nizwa izindlala ezivuvukele futhi zingapheli
• Lapho ama-lymph node angajwayelekile ekhona ku-mammogram, i-ultrasound, i-CT, noma i-MRI scan
• Kwabanye abantu abanomdlavuza, njengomdlavuza webele noma i-melanoma, ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza usakazekile yini (i-sentinel lymph node biopsy noma i-needle biopsy yi-radiologist)

Imiphumela ye-biopsy isiza umhlinzeki wakho anqume ngokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo nokwelashwa.

Uma i-lymph node biopsy ingakhombisi zimpawu zomdlavuza, kungenzeka ukuthi amanye ama-lymph node aseduze nawo awunawo umdlavuza. Lolu lwazi lungasiza umhlinzeki anqume ngokuqhubeka kokuhlolwa nokwelashwa.

Imiphumela engajwayelekile ingahle ibangelwe yizimo eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kusuka ekuthelelekeni okuncane kakhulu kuya kumdlavuza.

Isibonelo, ama-lymph node akhulisiwe angabangelwa:

• Umdlavuza (isifuba, amaphaphu, umlomo)
• I-HIV
• Umdlavuza wezicubu zomzimba (i-Hodgkin noma i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
• Ukutheleleka (isifo sofuba, isifo se-cat scratch)
• Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node nezinye izitho nezicubu (i-sarcoidosis)

I-lymph node biopsy ingaholela kunoma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ukopha
• Ukutheleleka (ezimweni ezingavamile, isilonda singatheleleka futhi kungadingeka ukuthi uphuze ama-antibiotic)
• Ukulimala kwamathambo uma i-biopsy yenziwa ku-lymph node eseduze nezinzwa (ubundonda buyahamba ezinyangeni ezimbalwa)

I-biopsy - ama-lymph node; Vula i-lymph node biopsy; I-biopsy yesifiso esihle senaliti; I-Sentinel lymph node biopsy

• Uhlelo lweLymphatic
• I-lymph node metastases, i-CT scan

IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ. I-Biopsy, eqondene nesiza - isampuli. Ku: IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ, ama-eds. Ukuhlolwa Kwelebhu kanye Nezinqubo Zokuxilonga. Umhlaka 6. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013: 199-202.

UChung A, uGiuliano AE. Imephu ye-lymphatic ne-sentinel lymphadenectomy yomdlavuza webele. Ku: Bland KI, Copeland EM, Klimberg VS, Gradishar WJ, ama-eds. Isifuba: Ukuphathwa Okuphelele Kwezifo zeBenign and Malignant. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 42.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. I-Sentinel lymph node biopsy. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging/sentinel-node-biopsy-fact-sheet. Kubuyekezwe ngoJuni 25, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 13, 2020.

I-NA encane, i-Dulaimi E, i-Al-Saleem T. Ama-lymph node: i-cytomorphology ne-flow cytometry. Ku: Bibbo M, Wilbur DC, ama-eds. I-Cytopathology ephelele. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 25.