Ukuhlolwa kombono wasekhaya

Ukuhlolwa kombono wasekhaya kukala ikhono lokubona imininingwane emihle.

Kunezivivinyo ezintathu zombono ezingenziwa ekhaya: i-Amsler grid, umbono webanga, nokuhlolwa kombono okuseduze.

ISIVIVINYO SE-AMSLER GRID

Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukuthola ukonakala kwe-macular. Lesi yisifo esibangela ukungaboni kahle, ukuphazamiseka, noma izindawo ezingenalutho. Uma ujwayele ukugqoka izibuko zokufunda, gqoka lokhu kuhlolwa. Uma ugqoka ama-bifocals, bheka ingxenye yokufunda engezansi.

Yenza isivivinyo ngeso ngalinye ngokwehlukana, kuqala kwesokudla bese kuba kwesokunxele. Bamba igridi yokuhlola phambi kwakho, amasentimitha ayi-14 (amasentimitha angama-35) kude neso lakho. Bheka ichashazi elisenkabeni yegridi, hhayi kuphethini yegridi.

Ngenkathi ubheke ichashazi, uzobona lonke igridi kumbono wakho wangaphandle. Yonke imigqa, yomile futhi ivundlile, kufanele ivele iqonde futhi inganqamuki. Kufanele bahlangane kuzo zonke izindawo zokuwela ngaphandle kwezindawo ezingekho. Uma kukhona noma yimiphi imigqa ebonakala isontekile noma yephukile, qaphela indawo yabo kugridi usebenzisa ipeni noma ipensela.

UMBONO WOKUQHUBEKA

Leli ishadi lamehlo elijwayelekile elisetshenziswa odokotela, eliguqulelwe ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya.

Ishadi linamathiselwe odongeni ezingeni leso. Yima amamitha ayi-3 kude neshadi. Uma ugqoka izingilazi noma amalensi oxhumana nawo ukubona ibanga, gqoka isivivinyo.

Hlola iso ngalinye ngokwehlukana, kuqala ngakwesokudla bese ngakwesobunxele. Gcina amehlo womabili evulekile futhi umboze iso elilodwa ngentende yesandla.

Funda ishadi, uqale ngomugqa ophezulu bese wehla ulayini kuze kube nzima kakhulu ukufunda izinhlamvu. Rekhoda inombolo yomugqa omncane kunazo zonke owaziyo ukuthi uwufunde kahle. Phinda ngelinye iso.

DUZE UMBONO

Lokhu kufana nokuhlolwa kombono webanga ngenhla, kepha kubanjwa ngamasentimitha angu-14 kuphela (amasentimitha angama-35) kude. Uma ugqoka izibuko zokufunda, zigqoke isivivinyo.

Bamba ikhadi lokuhlola umbono eliseduze cishe amasentimitha ayi-14 (amasentimitha angama-35) ukusuka emehlweni akho. Ungasondeli ikhadi. Funda ishadi usebenzisa iso ngalinye ngokwehlukana njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. Rekhoda usayizi womugqa omncane kakhulu okwazile ukuwufunda ngokunembile.

Udinga indawo ekhanyiswe kahle okungenani amamitha ayi-3 (3 metres) ubude bokuhlolwa kombono webanga, nokulandelayo:

• Ukukala itheyiphu noma uthango
• Amashadi wamehlo
• Tape noma ama-tacks ukulengisa amashadi wamehlo odongeni
• Ipensela yokuqopha imiphumela
• Omunye umuntu ozosiza (uma kungenzeka), ngoba bangama eduze kweshadi bakutshele uma uzifunda kahle izinhlamvu

Ishadi lombono lidinga ukufakwa odongeni ezingeni leso. Maka phansi ngesiqeshana seteyipu amamitha ayi-3 ngqo ukusuka eshadini elisodongeni.

Ukuhlolwa akubangeli ukungakhululeki.

Umbono wakho ungashintsha kancane kancane ungazi.

Ukuhlolwa kombono wasekhaya kungasiza ukuthola izinkinga zamehlo nezokubona kusenesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa kombono wasekhaya kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa komhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthola izinguquko ezingenzeka phakathi kokuhlolwa kwamehlo. Abathathi indawo yokuhlolwa kwamehlo kobungcweti.

Abantu abasengozini yokuthola ukonakala kwe-macular bangatshelwa ngudokotela wamehlo ukuthi benze ukuhlolwa kwegridi ye-Amsler kaningi. Kungcono ukwenza lolu vivinyo hhayi kaningi ngaphezu kwesisodwa ngesonto. Izinguquko zokwehla kwesimanje zihamba kancane, futhi ungaziphuthelwa uma uzihlola nsuku zonke.

Imiphumela ejwayelekile yokuhlolwa ngakunye yile elandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegridi ye-Amsler: Yonke imigqa ivela iqonde futhi inganqamuki ngaphandle kwezindawo ezisontekile noma ezingekho.
• Ukuhlolwa kombono webanga: Zonke izinhlamvu kulayini ongu-20/20 zifundeka kahle.
• Ukuhlolwa kombono okuseduze: Uyakwazi ukufunda umugqa onelebula engu-20/20 noma u-J-1.

Imiphumela engajwayelekile ingasho ukuthi unenkinga yokubona noma isifo samehlo futhi kufanele uhlolwe ngamehlo.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegridi ye-Amsler: Uma igridi ibonakala ihlanekezelwe noma yephukile, kungahle kube nenkinga nge-retina.
• Ukuhlolwa kombono webanga: Uma ungafundi kahle umugqa ongu-20/20, kungaba wuphawu lokubona eduze (myopia), ukubona kude (hyperopia), i-astigmatism, noma okunye okungajwayelekile kwamehlo.
• Ukuhlolwa kombono okuseduze: Ukungakwazi ukufunda uhlobo oluncane kungaba uphawu lokuguga (i-presbyopia).

Ukuhlolwa akunazingozi.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kobuchwepheshe:

• Kunzima ukugxila ezintweni eziseduze
• Umbono ophindwe kabili
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo
• Uzwa sengathi kukhona "isikhumba" noma "ifilimu" ngaphezulu kweso noma iso
• Ukukhanya okukhanyayo, izindawo ezimnyama, noma izithombe ezifana nezipoki
• Izinto noma ubuso obubukeka bufiphalisiwe noma kunenkungu
• Amasongo anemibala yoThingo ezungeze amalambu
• Imigqa eqondile ibukeka i-wavy
• Unenkinga yokubona ebusuku, unenkinga yokuzivumelanisa namagumbi amnyama

Uma izingane zinezinye zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, kufanele futhi zihlolwe ngamehlo ochwepheshe:

• Amehlo awele
• Ubunzima esikoleni
• Ukucwayiza okweqile
• Ukusondela kakhulu entweni (ngokwesibonelo, ithelevishini) ukuze uyibone
• Ukutshekisa ikhanda
• Ukuqothula amehlo
• Amehlo amanzi

Ukuhlolwa kwe-acuity ebonakalayo - ikhaya; Ukuhlolwa kwegridi ye-Amsler

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-acuity ebonakalayo

UFeder RS, u-Olsen TW, uPrum BE Jr, et al. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kwabantu abadala okuphelele okuncomekayo imihlahlandlela yephethini yokwenza. I-Ophthalmology. 2016; 123 (1): 209-236. I-PMID: 26581558 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581558.

I-Prokopich CL, Hrynchak P, Elliott DB, Flanagan JG. Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kwe-Ocular. Ku: Elliott DB, ed. Izinqubo Zomtholampilo Ekunakekelweni Kwamehlo Okuyinhloko. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: isahluko 7.