I-Otitis media nge-effusion

I-Otitis media ene-effusion (i-OME) iwuketshezi olujiyile noma olunamathelayo ngemuva kwe-eardrum endlebeni ephakathi. Kwenzeka ngaphandle kokutheleleka endlebeni.

Ishubhu le-Eustachian lixhuma ingaphakathi lendlebe emuva komphimbo. Le tube isiza ukukhipha uketshezi ukuyivimbela ukuba yakhe endlebeni. Uketshezi ludonsa kule tube bese luyagwinywa.

Izifo ze-OME nezindlebe zixhunywe ngezindlela ezimbili:

• Ngemuva kokuphathwa kwezifo eziningi ezindlebeni, uketshezi (i-effusion) luhlala endlebeni ephakathi izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto.
• Lapho ishubhu le-Eustachian livinjwe kancane, uketshezi luyakheka endlebeni ephakathi. Amagciwane ngaphakathi endlebeni ayavaleleka bese aqala ukukhula. Lokhu kungaholela ekuthelelweni indlebe.

Okulandelayo kungadala ukuvuvukala kocwecwe lwe-Eustachian tube okuholela kukwanda koketshezi:

• Ukungezwani komzimba
• Ama-Irritants (ikakhulukazi intuthu kagwayi)
• Izifo zokuphefumula

Okulandelayo kungadala ukuthi ithubhu ye-Eustachian ivale noma ivinjwe:

• Ukuphuza ulele ngomhlane
• Ukwanda okungazelelwe kwengcindezi yomoya (njengokuhla endizeni noma emgwaqeni osentabeni)

Ukuthola amanzi ezindlebeni zengane ngeke kuholele kushubhu evinjiwe.

I-OME ivame kakhulu ebusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kepha kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kungathinta abantu banoma yimuphi ubudala. Kwenzeka kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili, kepha akuvamile ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa.

Izingane ezincane zithola i-OME kaningi kunezingane ezindala noma abantu abadala ngezizathu eziningana:

• Ishubhu limfushane, livundle ngokwengeziwe, futhi liqondile, okwenza kube lula ngamagciwane ukungena.
• Ishubhu liyi-floppier, ngokuvula okuncane okulula ukuvimba.
• Izingane ezincane ziba nemikhuhlane eminingi ngoba kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi amasosha omzimba akwazi ukubona nokugwema amagciwane abandayo.

Uketshezi oluku-OME luvame ukuba mncane futhi lube namanzi. Esikhathini esedlule, bekucatshangwa ukuthi uketshezi luya lujiya uma lukhona isikhathi eside endlebeni. ("Indlebe yeglue" yigama elivamile elinikezwa i-OME elinoketshezi olujiyile.) Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bukaketshezi manje sekucatshangwa ukuthi buhlobene nendlebe uqobo lwayo, kunokuba nokuthi uketshezi lukhona kangakanani.

Ngokungafani nezingane ezinegciwane lendlebe, izingane ezine-OME aziguli.

I-OME kaningi ayinazo izimpawu ezisobala.

Izingane ezindala kanye nabantu abadala bavame ukukhononda ngokuzwa okungahambi kahle noma umuzwa wokugcwala endlebeni. Izingane ezincane zingakhuphula ivolumu yethelevishini ngenxa yokungezwa.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angathola i-OME ngenkathi ehlola izindlebe zengane yakho ngemuva kokulashwa kwegciwane lendlebe.

Umhlinzeki uzohlola i-eardrum futhi abheke izinguquko ezithile, njenge:

• Amagwebu omoya ebusweni be-eardrum
• Ubuthuntu be-eardrum lapho kusetshenziswa isibani
• I-Eardrum ebonakala inganyakazi lapho kushaywa umoya omncane kuyo
• Uketshezi ngemuva kwe-eardrum

Ukuhlolwa okubizwa nge-tympanometry kuyithuluzi elinembile lokuxilonga i-OME. Imiphumela yalokhu kuhlolwa ingasiza ekutsheleni inani nobukhulu boketshezi.

Uketshezi olusendlebeni ephakathi lungatholakala ngokunembile nge:

• I-acoustic otoscope
• I-Reflectometer: Idivayisi ephathekayo

I-audiometer noma olunye uhlobo lokuhlolwa okusemthethweni kokuzwa kungenziwa. Lokhu kungasiza umhlinzeki anqume ngokwelashwa.

Abahlinzeki abaningi ngeke baphathe i-OME ekuqaleni, ngaphandle kwalapho kunezimpawu zokutheleleka. Esikhundleni salokho, bazoyibheka kabusha inkinga ezinyangeni ezi-2 kuye kwezi-3.

Ungenza lezi zinguquko ezilandelayo ukusiza ukukhipha uketshezi olungemva kwe-eardrum:

• Gwema intuthu kagwayi
• Khuthaza izingane ukuba zincelise ibele
• Phatha ukungezwani komzimba nokuziqhelelanisa nezimbangela (njengothuli). Abantu abadala kanye nezingane ezindala banganikezwa imithi yokwaliwa komzimba.

Imvamisa uketshezi luzosula lodwa. Umhlinzeki wakho angaphakamisa ukuthi ubuke isimo okwesikhashana ukuze ubone ukuthi siya ngokuya siba sibi yini ngaphambi kokuncoma ukwelashwa.

Uma uketshezi lusekhona ngemuva kwamasonto ayisithupha, umhlinzeki angancoma:

• Ukuqhubeka nokubuka inkinga
• Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa
• Isilingo esisodwa semithi elwa namagciwane (uma benganikezwanga ngaphambili)

Uma uketshezi lusekhona emavikini ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-12, kungazanywa ama-antibiotic. Le mithi ayisizi njalo.

Ngesinye isikhathi, ukuzwa kwengane kufanele kuhlolwe.

Uma kunokulahleka okuphawulekayo kokuzwa (ngaphezu kwama-decibel angama-20), ama-antibiotics noma amashubhu endlebe angadingeka.

Uma uketshezi lusekhona ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-4 kuye kwezi-6, amashubhu kungenzeka ayadingeka, noma kungekho ukulahleka okukhulu kokuzwa.

Kwesinye isikhathi ama-adenoids kufanele akhishwe ukuze ithubhu le-Eustachian lisebenze kahle.

U-OME uvame ukuzihambela wedwa ngaphezu kwamasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ukwelashwa kungasheshisa le nqubo. Indlebe yeglue ingase ingacaci ngokushesha njenge-OME enoketshezi oluncane.

I-OME imvamisa ayisongeli impilo. Iningi lezingane alinawo umonakalo wesikhathi eside emandleni azo okuzwa noma okukhuluma, noma ngabe uketshezi luhlala izinyanga eziningi.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho kungenzeka nibe ne-OME. (Kufanele uqhubeke ubuke isimo kuze kube yilapho uketshezi lunyamalala.)
• Izimpawu ezintsha zikhula ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kokwelashwa kwalesi sifo.

Ukusiza ingane yakho ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka ezindlebeni kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-OME.

OME; Imfihlo otitis media; Abezindaba be-Serous otitis; Ukuthula kwe-otitis media; Ukutheleleka kwezindlebe buthule; Indlebe yeglue

• Ukuhlinzwa kwamashubhu endlebe - okufanele ukubuze udokotela wakho
• Ukususwa kwamathoni ne-adenoid - ukukhipha

• I-anatomy yendlebe
• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathi (i-otitis media)

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I-Pelton SI. I-Otitis externa, i-otitis media, ne-mastoiditis. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 61.

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