Isifo senhliziyo

Isifo senhliziyo iCoronary ukuncipha kwemithambo yegazi emincane ehambisa igazi ne-oxygen enhliziyweni. Isifo senhliziyo seCoronary (CHD) sibizwa nangokuthi isifo semithambo yenhliziyo.

I-CHD iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa e-United States kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

I-CHD ibangelwa i-plaque eyakhiwe emithanjeni yenhliziyo yakho. Lokhu kungabizwa nangokuthi ukuqina kwemithambo.

• Izinto ezinamafutha nezinye izinto zakha uqweqwe ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yakho. Imithambo yegazi iletha igazi ne-oxygen enhliziyweni yakho.
• Lesi sakhi sakha imithambo ukuba ibe mincane.
• Ngenxa yalokho, ukugeleza kwegazi kuya enhliziyweni kunganciphisa noma kume.

Ingcuphe yesifo senhliziyo yinto ekhulisa amathuba akho okusithola. Awukwazi ukushintsha izinto ezithile eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo, kepha ungashintsha ezinye.

Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu zingabonakala kakhulu. Kepha, ungaba nalesi sifo futhi ungabi nazimpawu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo senhliziyo.

Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungaphatheki kahle (i-angina) uphawu oluvame kakhulu. Uzwa lobu buhlungu lapho inhliziyo ingatholi igazi elanele noma umoya-mpilo. Ubuhlungu bungazizwa buhlukile kumuntu nomuntu.

• Kungazizwa kusinda noma sengathi othile ucindezela inhliziyo yakho. Ungayizwa ngaphansi kwethambo lakho lesifuba (sternum). Ungase uzwe nasentanyeni yakho, ezingalweni, esiswini, noma ngemuva.
• Ubuhlungu buvame ukwenzeka ngomsebenzi noma ngomzwelo. Iyaphela ngokuphumula noma umuthi obizwa nge-nitroglycerin.
• Ezinye izimpawu zifaka ukuphefumula okuncane nokukhathala ngomsebenzi (ukuzikhandla).

Abanye abantu banezimpawu ngaphandle kobuhlungu besifuba, njenge:

• Ukukhathala
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokuhlola. Imvamisa uzodinga ukuhlolwa okungaphezu kokukodwa ngaphambi kokuthola ukuxilongwa.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolela i-CHD kungafaka:

• I-Coronary angiography - Isivivinyo esihlaselayo esihlola imithambo yenhliziyo ngaphansi kwe-x-ray.
• Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi ye-Echocardiogram.
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG).
• I-Electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) ukubheka i-calcium kolwelwesi lwemithambo. I-calcium eyengeziwe, iphakamisa amathuba akho e-CHD.
• Ukuzivocavoca ukuhlolwa.
• Ukuskena kwe-Heart CT.
• Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yenukliya.

Ungacelwa ukuthi uthathe umuthi owodwa noma ngaphezulu ukwelapha umfutho wegazi, isifo sikashukela, noma amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol. Landela izinkomba zomhlinzeki wakho eduze ukusiza ukuvimbela i-CHD ukuthi ibe yimbi kakhulu.

Izinhloso zokwelapha lezi zimo kubantu abane-CHD:

• Umgomo osetshenziswa kakhulu womfutho wegazi kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo ungaphansi kuka-130/80, kepha umhlinzeki wakho angancoma umgomo ohlukile wegazi.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, amazinga akho e-HbA1c azobhekwa bese wehliselwa ezingeni eliphakanyiswa umhlinzeki wakho.
• Izinga lakho le-LDL le-cholesterol lizokwehliswa ngemithi ye-statin.

Ukwelashwa kuya ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi isifo sinzima kangakanani. Kufanele wazi mayelana:

• Eminye imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-angina.
• Okufanele ukwenze lapho unezinhlungu esifubeni.
• Ukusebenza lapho unesifo senhliziyo.
• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo.

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho ngaphandle kokuqala ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho. Ukumisa imithi yenhliziyo ngokuzumayo kungenza i-angina yakho ibe yimbi kakhulu noma kubangele isifo senhliziyo.

Ungathunyelwa ohlelweni lokuvuselela inhliziyo ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwenhliziyo yakho.

Izinqubo nokuhlinzwa okusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-CHD kufaka:

• Ukubekwa kwe-Angioplasty nokuqina, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs)
• Umthambo weCoronary udlula ukuhlinzwa
• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile

Wonke umuntu ululama ngendlela ehlukile. Abanye abantu bangahlala bephilile ngokushintsha indlela abadla ngayo, ukuyeka ukubhema, nokuthatha imithi yabo njengoba kubekiwe. Abanye bangadinga izinqubo zokwelashwa ezifana ne-angioplasty noma ukuhlinzwa.

Ngokuvamile, ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-CHD ngokuvamile kuholela emphumeleni ongcono.

Uma unezici ezinobungozi ze-CHD, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nezinyathelo zokuvimbela nezindlela zokwelashwa ezingenzeka.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho, shayela inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo (njenge-911), noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma une:

• Ubuhlungu be-Angina noma besifuba
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo

Thatha lezi zinyathelo ukusiza ukuvimbela isifo senhliziyo.

• Uma ubhema, yeka. Kunezinsizakusebenza eziningi ezingakusiza uyeke ukubhema.
• Funda ukuthi ungakudla kanjani ukudla okunempilo ngenhliziyo ngokwenza okunye okulula. Isibonelo, khetha amafutha anempilo yenhliziyo ngaphezu kwebhotela namanye amafutha agcwele.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo, okungenani imizuzu engama-30 izinsuku eziningi. Uma unesifo senhliziyo, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuqala indlela yokuzivocavoca umzimba.
• Gcina isisindo somzimba esinempilo.
• Yehlisa i-cholesterol ephezulu ngokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, futhi uma kudingeka, imithi ye-statin.
• Yehlisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme usebenzisa indlela yokudla nemithi.
• Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-aspirin.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, gcina uphethwe kahle ukusiza ukuvimbela isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi.

Noma usuvele unesifo senhliziyo, ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo kuzosiza ukuvikela inhliziyo yakho futhi kuvimbele okunye ukulimala.

Isifo senhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo seCoronary, Coronary artery disease; Isifo senhliziyo se-arteriosclerotic; CHD; CAD

• Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwesisindo - yini ongayibuza udokotela wakho
• Izidakamizwa ze-antiplatelet - P2Y12 inhibitors
• I-Aspirin nesifo senhliziyo
• Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwesisindo - yini okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• I-cholesterol - ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa
• Ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Kuchazwe amafutha ezokudla
• Amathiphu okudla okusheshayo
• Ukuhlinzwa kokudlula esiswini - ukukhipha
• Ukuhlinzwa kokudlula kwenhliziyo - ukukhipha
• Ukuhlinzwa kokudlula kwenhliziyo - ukukhipha okungatheni okweqile
• Isifo senhliziyo - izici eziyingozi
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo - ukukhipha
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo - uketshezi kanye nezidakamizwa
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo - ukuqapha ekhaya
• Inhliziyo pacemaker - ukukhipha
• Uwafunda kanjani amalebula okudla
• I-cardioverter defibrillator engafakelwa - ukukhishwa
• I-laparoscopic gastric banding - ukukhipha
• Ukudla okunosawoti omningi
• Ukudla kwaseMedithera

• Inhliziyo - isigaba phakathi nendawo
• Inhliziyo - ukubuka kwangaphambili
• Imithambo yenhliziyo yangaphakathi
• Imithambo yenhliziyo engemuva
• I-MI enamandla
• Abakhiqizi be-cholesterol

U-Arnett DK, uBlumenthal RS, u-Albert MA, et al. Umhlahlandlela we-2019 ACC / AHA ekuvinjelweni okuyinhloko kwesifo senhliziyo. Ukujikeleza. I-2019 [Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta] PMID: 30879355 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30879355/.

Boden WE. I-Angina pectoris kanye nesifo senhliziyo esizinzile se-ischemic. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 62.

UFihn SD, uBlankenship JC, u-Alexander KP, et al.Isibuyekezo esigxile ku-2014 ACC / AHA / AATS / PCNA / SCAI / STS somhlahlandlela wokuxilongwa nokuphathwa kweziguli ezinesifo senhliziyo esisimeme: umbiko we-American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Guidelines Practice, kanye ne I-American Association for Thoracic Surgery, I-Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, i-Society for Cardiovascular Angiography kanye nokungenelela, kanye ne-Society of Thoracic Odgeons. Ukujikeleza. 2014; 130 (19): 1749-1767. I-PMID: 25070666 eshicilelwe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25070666/.

Amaka i-AR. Umsebenzi wenhliziyo nowokujikeleza kwegazi. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 47.

UMorrow DA, de Lemos JA. Isifo senhliziyo esisimeme. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Izifo Zenhliziyo zeBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 61.

UWhelton PK, uCarey RM, u-Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC / AHA / AAPA / ABC / ACPM / AGS / APhA / ASH / ASPC / NMA / PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adult: Umbiko we-American College of Cardiology / American I-Heart Association Task Force emikhombandlela ye-Clinical Practice Guidelines. [Ukulungiswa okushicilelwe kuvela ku-J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018; 71 (19): 2275-2279]. UJ Am Coll Cardiol. I-2018; 71 (19): e127-e248. I-PMID: 29146535 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29146535/.