Ukufakwa kwe-Cochlear

Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear kuyinto encane esebenza ngogesi esiza abantu bezwe. Ingasetshenziselwa abantu abayizithulu noma abanzima kakhulu ukuzwa.

Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear akuyona into efanayo nosizo lokuzwa. Kufakwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlinza, futhi kusebenza ngendlela ehlukile.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zokufakwa kwe-cochlear. Kodwa-ke, zivame ukwenziwa izingxenye eziningana ezifanayo.

• Ingxenye eyodwa yethuluzi ifakwa ngokuhlinzwa ethanjeni elizungeze indlebe (ithambo lesikhashana). Yakhiwa nge-receiver-stimulator, eyamukela, inqume, bese ithumela isignali kagesi ebuchosheni.
• Ingxenye yesibili yokufakwa kwe-cochlear yidivayisi engaphandle. Lokhu kwenziwa ngemakrofoni / isamukeli, iprosesa yokukhuluma, kanye ne-antenna. Le ngxenye yokufakelwa ithola umsindo, iguqule umsindo ube yisiginali kagesi, bese iwuthumela engxenyeni engaphakathi yokufakwa kwe-cochlear.

NGUBANI OSEBENZISA IZIMBALI EZIHLELEKILE?

Ukufakwa kwe-Cochlear kuvumela abantu abayizithulu ukuthi bathole futhi bacubungule imisindo nenkulumo. Noma kunjalo, le mishini ayibuyisi ukuzwa okujwayelekile. Angamathuluzi avumela ukuthi umsindo nenkulumo kucutshungulwe futhi kuthunyelwe ebuchosheni.

Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear akulungele wonke umuntu. Indlela umuntu akhethwe ngayo ukufakelwa ama-cochlear iyashintsha njengoba ukuqonda kwezindlela zobuchopho zokuzwa (zokuzwa) kuthuthuka nobuchwepheshe buguquka.

Zombili izingane nabantu abadala bangaba ukhetho lokufakwa kwe-cochlear. Abantu abakhethelwe le divayisi kungenzeka bazalwe bengezwa noma baba yizithulu ngemuva kokufunda ukukhuluma. Izingane ezineminyaka yobudala eyi-1 manje sezizobhaliselwa lokhu kuhlinzwa. Yize imibandela yehluke kancane kubantu abadala nezingane, isuselwa kumihlahlandlela efanayo:

• Umuntu kufanele abe yisithulu ngokuphelele noma cishe ngokuphelele ezindlebeni zombili, futhi angatholi ncono ngezinsiza-kuzwa. Noma ngubani ongezwa kahle ngokwanele ngezinsiza-kuzwa akayena umuntu ofanelekayo wokufakwa kuma-cochlear.
• Umuntu udinga ukukhuthazeka kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuthi ukufakwa kwe-cochlear kufakiwe, kumele bafunde ukuthi bangayisebenzisa kanjani kahle le divayisi.
• Umuntu kudingeka alindele okulindelekile ngokwenzekayo ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Idivayisi ayibuyisi noma idale ukuzwa "okujwayelekile".
• Izingane zidinga ukubhaliswa ezinhlelweni ezizisiza ukuthi zifunde ukucubungula umsindo.
• Ukuze unqume ukuthi ngabe umuntu uyilungele yini ukufakelwa i-cochlear, umuntu kufanele ahlolwe ngudokotela wendlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo (ENT) (otolaryngologist). Abantu bazodinga futhi izinhlobo ezithile zokuhlolwa kokuzwa okwenziwe ngezinsiza zabo zokuzwa.
• Lokhu kungafaka ukuskena kwe-CT noma ukuskena kwe-MRI kobuchopho nendlebe ephakathi nendawo nangaphakathi.
• Abantu (ikakhulukazi izingane) bangadinga ukuhlolwa ngudokotela wezengqondo ukuthola ukuthi bangabafundi abalungile yini.

INDLELA ESEBENZA NGAYO

Imisindo idluliselwa emoyeni.Endlebeni ejwayelekile, amagagasi omsindo abangela indlebe bese amathambo endlebe aphakathi nendawo anyakaze. Lokhu kuthumela igagasi lokundindizela endlebeni yangaphakathi (cochlea). La magagasi abese eguqulwa yi-cochlea abe amasiginali kagesi, athunyelwa emithanjeni yezinzwa ebuchosheni.

Umuntu oyisithulu akanayo indlebe yangaphakathi esebenza. Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear kuzama ukufaka esikhundleni sendlebe yangaphakathi ngokuguqula umsindo ube ngamandla kagesi. La mandla angabe esesetshenziselwa ukuvuselela i-cochlear nerve (imizwa yokuzwa), ithumele izimpawu "zomsindo" ebuchosheni.

• Umsindo uthathwa ngumbhobho ogqokwa eduze kwendlebe. Lo msindo uthunyelwa kumprosesa wenkulumo, ovame ukuxhumeka kumakrofoni futhi ugqokwe ngemuva kwendlebe.
• Umsindo uyahlaziywa bese uguqulwa ube yizimpawu zikagesi, ezithunyelwa kusamukeli esifakwe ngokuhlinzwa ngemuva kwendlebe. Lo mamukeli uthumela isinali ngocingo endlebeni engaphakathi.
• Ukusuka lapho, imizwa kagesi ithunyelwa ebuchosheni.

INDLELA OKUFAKWA NGAYO

Ukuhlinzwa:

• Uzothola i-anesthesia ejwayelekile ngakho-ke uzobe ulele futhi ungenazinhlungu.
• Ukusikwa kokuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngemuva kwendlebe, kwesinye isikhathi ngemuva kokushefa ingxenye yezinwele ngemuva kwendlebe.
• Kusetshenziswa i-microscope ne-bone drill ukuvula ithambo ngemuva kwendlebe (ithambo le-mastoid) ukuvumela ukuthi kufakwe ingxenye yangaphakathi yokufakwa.
• Amalungu afanayo e-electrode adluliselwa endlebeni yangaphakathi (cochlea).
• Umamukeli ufakwa ephaketheni elenziwe ngemuva kwendlebe. Iphakethe lisiza ukuligcina lisendaweni futhi liqinisekisa ukuthi lisondele ngokwanele esikhunjeni ukuvumela imininingwane kagesi ukuthi ithunyelwe kusuka ocingweni. Umthombo ungafakwa emathanjeni ngemuva kwendlebe ngakho-ke ukufakelwa akunamathuba amancane okuhamba ngaphansi kwesikhumba.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa:

• Kuzoba nemithungo ngemuva kwendlebe.
• Ungase ukwazi ukuzwa owemukelayo njengeqhubu ngemuva kwendlebe.
• Noma iziphi izinwele ezishefiwe kufanele zikhule futhi.
• Ingxenye yangaphandle yedivayisi izobekwa emavikini ayi-1 kuye kwayi-4 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kunikezwe isikhathi sokuqala sokululama.

IZINGOZI ZOKUHLOLA

Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear wukuhlinzwa okuphephe ngokuqhathaniswa. Kodwa-ke, konke ukuhlinzwa kubeka izingozi ezithile. Izingozi sezingandile manje njengoba ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncane, kepha kungafaka:

• Izinkinga zokupholisa amanxeba
• Ukonakala kwesikhumba phezu kwento efakiwe
• Ukutheleleka eduze nendawo yokutshala

Izinkinga ezingavamile kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukulimala kwethambo elihambisa ubuso ohlangothini lokuhlinzwa
• Ukuvuza koketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho (i-cerebrospinal fluid)
• Ukutheleleka koketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho (meningitis)
• Isiyezi sesikhashana (vertigo)
• Ukwehluleka kwedivayisi ukusebenza
• Ukunambitheka okungavamile

UKULULAMA EMVA KOKUHLOLA

Ungangeniswa esibhedlela ubusuku bonke ukuze ubhekwe. Kodwa-ke, izibhedlela eziningi manje zivumela abantu ukuthi baye emakhaya ngosuku lokuhlinzwa. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokunika imithi yezinhlungu futhi kwesinye isikhathi ama-antibiotic ukuvikela ukutheleleka. Odokotela abaningi abahlinzayo babeka ingubo enkulu phezu kwendlebe ehlinziwe. Ukugqoka kususwa ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Isonto noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ingxenye engaphandle yokufakwa kwe-cochlear ivikelekile ku-receiver-stimulator efakwe ngemuva kwendlebe. Kuleli qophelo, uzokwazi ukusebenzisa idivayisi.

Lapho indawo yokuhlinza iselapheke kahle, futhi ukufakelwa kunamathiselwe kwiprosesa engaphandle, uzoqala ukusebenza nochwepheshe ukuze ufunde "ukuzwa" futhi ucubungule umsindo usebenzisa ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear. Lezi zingcweti zingafaka:

• Izazi zomsindo
• Abelaphi bezinkulumo
• Izindlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo odokotela (otolaryngologists)

Le yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenqubo. Uzodinga ukusebenzisana eduze nethimba lakho lochwepheshe ukuze uthole inzuzo enkulu ekufakweni.

UKUBHEKA

Imiphumela ene-cochlear implants iyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ukwenza kahle kangakanani kuya ngokuthi:

• Isimo senzwa yokuzwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
• Amakhono akho engqondo
• Idivayisi esetshenziswayo
• Ubude besikhathi ubuyisithulu
• Ukuhlinzwa

Abanye abantu bangafunda ukuxhumana ngocingo. Abanye bangabona kuphela umsindo. Ukuthola imiphumela ephezulu kungathatha kuze kube yiminyaka eminingana, futhi udinga ukukhuthazeka. Abantu abaningi babhalise ezinhlelweni zokuvuselela nokuzwa.

UKUPHILA NOKUFAKWA KWEZIMBALI

Uma usuphulukile, kunemikhawulo embalwa. Imisebenzi eminingi ivunyelwe. Kodwa-ke, umhlinzeki wakho angakutshela ukuthi ugweme ezemidlalo yokuxhumana ukuze unciphise ithuba lokulimala kudivayisi efakiwe.

Iningi labantu elinokufakwa kwe-cochlear alikwazi ukuthola ukuskena kwe-MRI, ngoba ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngensimbi.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa - ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear; Izinzwa - cochlear; Izithulu - cochlear; Ubuthakathaka - cochlear

• I-anatomy yendlebe
• Ukufakwa kwe-Cochlear

UMcJunkin JL, ukufakelwa kukaBuchman C. Cochlear kubantu abadala. Ku: Myers EN, Snyderman CH, eds. I-Operative Otolaryngology Head kanye ne-Neck Surgery. 3rd ed. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 137.

INaples JG, uRuckenstein MJ. Ukufakwa kwe-Cochlear. Umtholampilo wase-Otolaryngol North Am. 2020; 53 (1): 87-102 PMID: 31677740 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31677740/.

Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezempilo Nokunakekelwa Kobuhle (NICE). Izimila ze-Cochlear zezingane kanye nabantu abadala abanezithulu ezinzima. Umhlahlandlela wokuhlola ubuchwepheshe. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta566. Ishicilelwe ngoMashi 7, 2019. Ifinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 23, 2020.

URoland JL, uRay WZ, uLeuthardt EC. Ama-Neuroprosthetics. Ku: Winn HR, ed. Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Youmans ne-Winn Neurological. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 109.

UVohr B. Ukulahleka kokuzwa enganeni esanda kuzalwa. Ku: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, ama-eds. UFanaroff kanye neMedicine's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 59.