Ukuhlolwa kwesikrini okune

Ukuhlolwa kwesikrini okune-quadruple ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ingane isengozini yokukhubazeka okuthile kokuzalwa.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa phakathi kweviki le-15 kanye nelama-22 lokukhulelwa. Inembile kakhulu phakathi kwamasonto e-16 nele-18.

Kuthathwa isampula yegazi bese ithunyelwa elebhu ukuyohlolwa.

Izinyathelo zokuhlola zikala ama-hormone amane okukhulelwa:

• I-Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), iphrotheni ekhiqizwa ngumntwana
• I-chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), ihomoni ekhiqizwa ku-placenta
• I-estriol engahlanganisiwe (iE3), uhlobo lwehomoni i-estrogen ekhiqizwa embungwini nakumbungu
• Inhibin A, i-hormone ekhishwe yi-placenta

Uma ukuhlolwa kungalinganisi amazinga e-inhibin A, kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwesikrini okuphindwe kathathu.

Ukuze unqume ithuba lokuthi ingane yakho ibe nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ukuhlolwa kubuye kube nalokhu:

• Iminyaka yakho
• Isizinda sakho sobuzwe
• Isisindo sakho
• Iminyaka yokukhulelwa yengane yakho (ilinganiswa emavikini kusukela osukwini lwesikhathi sakho sokugcina kuya kudethi yamanje)

Azikho izinyathelo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo ukulungiselela isivivinyo. Ungadla noma uphuze ngokwejwayelekile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obuncane noma isitinyela lapho kufakwa inaliti. Ungase futhi uzizwe ushaywa yisiza ngemuva kokukhishwa kwegazi.

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ingane yakho ingaba yini engozini yokukhubazeka okuthile kokuzalwa, njenge-Down syndrome nezinkinga zokuzalwa zekholomu lomgogodla nobuchopho (okubizwa ngokuthi yi-neural tube defects). Lokhu kuhlolwa kungukuhlolwa kokuhlola, ngakho-ke akuchazi izinkinga.

Abesifazane abathile basengozini enkulu yokuba nengane enalezi ziphutha, kufaka phakathi:

• Abesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-35 ubudala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Abesifazane abathatha i-insulin ukwelapha isifo sikashukela
• Abesifazane abanomlando womndeni wokukhubazeka kokuzalwa

Amazinga ajwayelekile we-AFP, hCG, uE3, ne-inhibin A.

Ububanzi bamanani ajwayelekile bungahluka kancane phakathi kwamalabhorethri ahlukene. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nencazelo yemiphumela yakho ethile yokuhlolwa.

Umphumela wokuhlolwa ongajwayelekile awusho ukuthi ingane yakho inesici sokuzalwa. Ngokuvamile, imiphumela ingaba yinto engavamile uma ingane yakho ikhulile noma incane kunomhlinzeki wakho ayecabanga.

Uma unomphumela ongajwayelekile, uzoba nenye i-ultrasound ukuhlola iminyaka yengane ekhulayo.

Ukuhlolwa okuningi nokwelulekwa kunganconywa uma i-ultrasound ikhombisa inkinga. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bakhetha ukungaphinde benze ezinye izivivinyo, ngenxa yezizathu zomuntu siqu noma zenkolo.Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezingenzeka zifaka:

• I-Amniocentesis, ehlola izinga le-AFP kuketshezi lwe-amniotic oluzungeze umntwana. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungenziwa ku-amniotic fluid ekhishwe esivivinyweni.
• Ukuhlolwa ukuthola noma ukukhipha ukukhubazeka okuthile kokuzalwa (njenge-Down syndrome).
• Ukwelulekwa ngofuzo.
• I-Ultrasound yokuhlola ubuchopho bengane, umgogodla, izinso, nenhliziyo.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, amazinga anyukayo e-AFP angabangelwa inkinga yengane ekhulayo, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukungabikho kwengxenye yobuchopho nogebhezi (anencephaly)
• Iphutha emathunjini omntwana noma kwezinye izitho eziseduze (njenge-duodenal atresia)
• Ukufa kwengane esibelethweni (imvamisa kuphumela ekuphuphumeni kwesisu)
• I-Spina bifida (ukukhubazeka komgogodla)
• I-Tetralogy of Fallot (ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo)
• I-Turner syndrome (ukukhubazeka kofuzo)

I-AFP ephezulu ingasho futhi ukuthi uphethe ingane engaphezu kwengu-1.

Amazinga aphansi e-AFP ne-estriol namazinga aphezulu we-hCG ne-inhibin A angabangelwa inkinga efana nale:

• I-Down syndrome (i-trisomy 21)
• I-Edwards syndrome (i-trisomy 18)

Isikrini esine-quadruple singaba nemiphumela engeyamanga neyi-false-positive (yize sinembile kancane kunesikrini esintathu). Kudingeka ukuhlolwa okuningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumela ongajwayelekile.

Uma ukuhlolwa kungavamile, kungadingeka ukuthi ukhulume nomeluleki wezofuzo.

Isikrini se-Quad; Ukuhlolwa komaki abaningi; I-AFP plus; Ukuhlolwa kwesikrini kathathu; Umama we-AFP; MSAFP; Isikrini se-4-marker; I-Down syndrome - kane; I-Trisomy 21 - ezine; I-Turner syndrome - kane; I-Spina bifida - kane; Tetralogy - kane; I-duodenal atresia - kane; Ukwelulekwa ngofuzo - kane; I-alpha fetoprotein iphindwe kane; I-chorionic gonadotropin yabantu - ezine; hCG - kane; I-estriol engahlanjululwanga - kane; uE3 - kane; Ukukhulelwa - kane; Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa - kane; Ukuhlolwa komaki abane; Ukuhlolwa kwe-Quad; Isikrini somaka esine

• Isikrini esine

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U-Wapner RJ, Dugoff L. Ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kokubeletha kwezifo zokuzalwa. Ku: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM, abahleli. ICreasy neResnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 32.

UWilliams DE, uPridjian G. Obstetrics. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Incwadi Yezokwelapha Yomndeni. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 20.