Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Nge-Nephrotic Syndrome

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Izimpawu ze-Nephrotic syndrome
• I-Nephrotic syndrome ibangela
• Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-nephrotic syndrome
• Izimbangela zesibili ze-nephrotic syndrome
• Ukudla kwe-Nephrotic syndrome
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Nephrotic syndrome
• I-Nephrotic syndrome ezinganeni
• I-Nephrotic syndrome kubantu abadala
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-Nephrotic syndrome
• Izinkinga ze-nephrotic syndrome
• Izici zobungozi be-Nephrotic syndrome
• Umbono we-Nephrotic syndrome

Ukubuka konke

I-Nephrotic syndrome yenzeka lapho ukulimala ezinso zakho kubangela ukuthi lezi zitho zikhiphe amaprotheni amaningi emchameni wakho.

I-Nephrotic syndrome ayisona isifo uqobo. Izifo ezilimaza imithambo yegazi ezinso zakho zidala lesi sifo.

Izimpawu ze-Nephrotic syndrome

I-Nephrotic syndrome ibonakala ngalokhu okulandelayo:

• inani eliphezulu lamaprotheni akhona emchameni (proteinuria)
• amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol kanye ne-triglyceride egazini (i-hyperlipidemia)
• amazinga aphansi eprotheni abizwa nge-albumin egazini (hypoalbuminemia)
• ukuvuvukala (i-edema), ikakhulukazi emaqakaleni nasezinyaweni, naseduze kwamehlo akho

Ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezingenhla, abantu abane-nephrotic syndrome nabo bangathola:

• umchamo onamagwebu
• ukuzuza kwesisindo kusuka ekwakhiweni koketshezi emzimbeni
• ukukhathala
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla

I-Nephrotic syndrome ibangela

Izinso zakho zigcwele imithambo yegazi emincane ebizwa ngokuthi i-glomeruli. Njengoba igazi lakho lihamba kule mikhumbi, amanzi angeziwe nemikhiqizo kadoti iyahlungwa kumchamo wakho. Amaprotheni nezinye izinto umzimba wakho ozidingayo zihlala egazini lakho.

I-Nephrotic syndrome yenzeka lapho ama-glomeruli elimele futhi engakwazi ukuhluza kahle igazi lakho. Ukulimala kwale mithambo yegazi kuvumela amaprotheni ukuthi angene emchameni wakho.

I-Albumin ingenye yamaprotheni alahlekile emchameni wakho. I-Albumin isiza ukudonsa uketshezi oluthe xaxa emzimbeni wakho luye ezinso zakho. Lolu ketshezi lube selususwa emchameni wakho.

Ngaphandle kwe-albhamuin, umzimba wakho ubambelela kulolo ketshezi olungeziwe. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala (i-edema) emilenzeni, ezinyaweni, emaqakaleni nasebusweni.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-nephrotic syndrome

Ezinye izimo ezibangela i-nephrotic syndrome zithinta izinso kuphela. Lokhu kubizwa ngezimbangela eziyinhloko ze-nephrotic syndrome. Lezi zimo zifaka:

• I-Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Lesi yisimo lapho i-glomeruli iba nesibazi ngenxa yezifo, ukukhubazeka kofuzo, noma imbangela engaziwa.
• I-nephropathy ekhunjulwayo. Kulesi sifo, ulwelwesi ku-glomeruli lukhula. Isizathu sokuqina asaziwa, kepha kungenzeka kanye ne-lupus, hepatitis B, umalaleveva noma umdlavuza.
• Isifo sokushintsha okuncane. Kumuntu onalesi sifo, izicubu zezinso zibukeka zijwayelekile ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esingaziwa, ayihlungi kahle.
• I-vein vein thrombosis. Kulesi sifo, i-clot yegazi ivimba umthambo okhipha igazi ezinsweni.

Izimbangela zesibili ze-nephrotic syndrome

Ezinye izifo ezibangela i-nephrotic syndrome zithinta umzimba wonke. Lokhu kubizwa ngezimbangela zesibili ze-nephrotic syndrome. Izifo ezinjalo zingabandakanya:

• Isifo sikashukela. Kulesi sifo, ushukela wegazi ongalawulwa ungalimaza imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho wonke, kufaka phakathi ezinso zakho.
• ILupus. I-Lupus yisifo sokuzilimaza esidala ukuvuvukala emalungeni, ezinso nakwezinye izitho.
• I-Amyloidosis. Lesi sifo esingajwayelekile sidalwa yinqwaba yamaprotheni amyloid ezithweni zakho. Ama-Amyloid angakha ezinso zakho, mhlawumbe okuholele ekulimaleni kwezinso.

Eminye imithi, kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezilwa nokutheleleka kanye nezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID), nazo zixhunywe ne-nephrotic syndrome.

Ukudla kwe-Nephrotic syndrome

Ukudla kubalulekile ekuphatheni i-nephrotic syndrome. Nciphisa inani likasawoti owudlayo ukuvimbela ukuvuvukala nokuphatha umfutho wegazi. Udokotela wakho futhi angaphakamisa ukuthi uphuze uketshezi oluncane ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.

I-Nephrotic syndrome ingakhuphula amazinga akho e-cholesterol ne-triglyceride, ngakho-ke zama ukudla ukudla okunamafutha ne-cholesterol egcwele. Lokhu kungasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Yize lesi simo sidala ukuthi ulahlekelwe amaprotheni emchameni wakho, ukudla amaprotheni angeziwe akunconywa. Ukudla okunamaprotheni amaningi kungenza i-nephrotic syndrome ibe yimbi kakhulu. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokudla okufanele ukudle futhi ukugweme uma une-nephrotic syndrome.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Nephrotic syndrome

Udokotela wakho angalapha isimo esidale i-nephrotic syndrome, kanye nezimpawu zalesi sifo. Imithi ehlukahlukene ingasetshenziselwa ukufeza lokhu:

• Imishanguzo yegazi. Lokhu kungasiza ekwehliseni umfutho wegazi nokunciphisa inani lamaprotheni alahlekile emchameni. Le mithi ifaka ama-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors kanye ne-angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).
• Izidakamizwa. Umchamo wenza izinso zakho zikhiphe uketshezi olungeziwe, olwehlisa ukuvuvukala. Le mithi ifaka izinto ezifana ne-furosemide (Lasix) ne-spironolactone (Aldactone).
• Izitatimende. Le mithi yehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol. Ezinye izibonelo zamabala zifaka i-atorvastatin calcium (Lipitor) ne-lovastatin (Altoprev, Mevacor).
• Abanciphisa igazi. Le mithi yehlisa amandla wegazi lakho lokuvala futhi ingahle inqunywe uma ngabe uke waba negazi egazini lakho. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-heparin ne-warfarin (i-Coumadin, i-Jantoven).
• Izicindezeli zesistimu yomzimba. Le mithi isiza ukugcina amasosha omzimba elawulwa futhi angasiza ekwelapheni isimo esingaphansi kwe-lupus. Isibonelo somuthi ocindezela amasosha omzimba yi-corticosteroids.

Udokotela wakho angafuna futhi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka. Ukwenza lokhu, bangancoma ukuthi uthole umuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal kanye ne-shot shot yonyaka.

I-Nephrotic syndrome ezinganeni

Kokubili i-nephrotic syndrome eyinhloko neyesibili ingenzeka ezinganeni. I-primary nephrotic syndrome uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ezinganeni.

Ezinye izingane zingaba nokuthile okubizwa nge-congenital nephrotic syndrome, okwenzeka ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukukhubazeka okuzuze njengefa noma ukutheleleka ngemuva nje kokuzalwa. Izingane ezinalesi sifo ekugcineni zingadinga ukufakelwa izinso.

Ezinganeni, i-nephrotic syndrome ibangela lezi zimpawu:

• umkhuhlane, ukukhathala, ukucasuka, nezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• igazi emchameni
• isifo sohudo
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme

Izingane ezine-nephrotic syndrome yobuntwana zithola ukutheleleka okuningi kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaprotheni avame ukuwavikela ekuthelelekeni alahlekile emchameni wawo. Bangaba ne-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi.

I-Nephrotic syndrome kubantu abadala

Njengakwezingane, i-nephrotic syndrome kubantu abadala ingaba nezimbangela eziyinhloko nezesibili. Kubantu abadala, imbangela eyinhloko ejwayelekile ye-nephrotic syndrome yi-focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).

Lesi simo sihlotshaniswa nombono ompofu. Inani lamaprotheni akhona emchameni liyinto ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukubikezelwa kwalaba bantu. Cishe isigamu sabantu abane-FSGS nephrotic syndrome bathuthukela esigabeni sokuqeda isifo sezinso eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi.

Kodwa-ke, izimbangela zesibili ze-nephrotic syndrome nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile kubantu abadala. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50 amacala we-nephrotic syndrome kubantu abadala anembangela yesibili efana nesifo sikashukela noma i-lupus.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Nephrotic syndrome

Ukuthola i-nephrotic syndrome, udokotela wakho uzoqala athathe umlando wakho wezokwelapha. Uzobuzwa mayelana nezimpawu zakho, noma imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo, nokuthi unazo yini izimo zezempilo ezingaphansi.

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza nokuhlolwa komzimba. Lokhu kungafaka izinto njengokulinganisa umfutho wegazi nokulalela inhliziyo yakho.

Kusetshenziswa izivivinyo eziningana ukusiza ukuxilonga i-nephrotic syndrome. Kubandakanya:

• Ukuhlolwa komchamo. Uzocelwa ukuthi unikeze isampula yomchamo. Lokhu kungathunyelwa elabhorethri ukuthola ukuthi unamaprotheni amaningi yini emchameni wakho. Kwezinye izimo, ungacelwa ukuthi uqoqe umchamo esikhathini esingamahora angama-24.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kulezi zivivinyo, kuzothathwa isampula yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Lesi sampula singahlaziywa ukuze kubhekwe izimpawu zegazi zomsebenzi wezinso jikelele, amazinga egazi e-albumin, kanye namazinga e-cholesterol kanye ne-triglyceride.
• I-Ultrasound. I-ultrasound isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwakha isithombe sezinso zakho. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa izithombe ezenzelwe ukuhlola ukwakheka kwezinso zakho.
• Isidumbu. Ngesikhathi se-biopsy, kuzoqoqwa isampula elincane lezicubu zezinso. Lokhu kungathunyelwa ebhodini ukuze kuhlolwe okunye futhi kungasiza ekutholeni ukuthi yini engase ibangele isimo sakho.

Izinkinga ze-nephrotic syndrome

Ukulahleka kwamaprotheni egazini lakho kanye nokulimala kwezinso kungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye izibonelo zezinkinga okungenzeka umuntu one-nephrotic syndrome angabhekana nazo zifaka:

• Amahlule egazi. Amaprotheni avimbela ukujiya kungalahleka egazini, kukhulisa ubungozi bamahlule egazi.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu ne-triglycerides. Ama-cholesterol amaningi ne-triglycerides angakhishelwa egazini lakho. Lokhu kungakhuphula ubungozi besifo senhliziyo.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Ukulimala kwezinso kungakhuphula inani lemikhiqizo kadoti egazini lakho. Lokhu kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi.
• Ukungondleki. Ukulahleka kwamaprotheni egazini kungaholela ekunciphiseni isisindo, okungasitshekelwa ukuvuvukala (i-edema).
• Ukushoda kwegazi. Unokuntuleka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi okuthwala umoya-mpilo ezithweni nasezicubu zomzimba wakho.
• Isifo sezinso esingalapheki. Izinso zakho zingalahlekelwa umsebenzi wazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zidinga i-dialysis noma ukufakelwa izinso.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso. Ukulimala kwezinso kungadala izinso zakho ukuthi ziyeke ukuhlunga imfucuza, edinga ukungenelela okuphuthumayo nge-dialysis.
• Izifo. Abantu abane-nephrotic syndrome banengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola izifo, njenge-pneumonia ne-meningitis.
• Indlala yegilo engasebenzi kahle (i-hypothyroidism). I-thyroid yakho ayenzi i-hormone yegilo eyanele.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi. Ukuncipha kwemithambo yegazi kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuye enhliziyweni.

Izici zobungozi be-Nephrotic syndrome

Kunezinto ezithile ezingakubeka engcupheni yokuthola i-nephrotic syndrome. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Isimo esingaphansi esingaholela ekulimaleni kwezinso. Izibonelo zezimo ezinjalo zifaka izinto ezinjengesifo sikashukela, i-lupus, noma ezinye izifo zezinso.
• Izifo ezithile. Kunokutheleleka okuthile okungakhuphula ubungozi bakho be-nephrotic syndrome, kufaka phakathi i-HIV, hepatitis B no-C, nomalaleveva.
• Imithi. Ezinye izidakamizwa ezilwa nokutheleleka nama-NSAID zingakhuphula ubungozi be-nephrotic syndrome.

Khumbula ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi unalezi zinto eziyingozi akusho ukuthi uzoba nephrotic syndrome. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqapha impilo yakho futhi ubone udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezihambisana nephrotic syndrome.

Umbono we-Nephrotic syndrome

Umbono we-nephrotic syndrome ungahluka. Kuya ngokuthi yini ebangela ukuthi yenzeke kanjalo nempilo yakho yonke.

Ezinye zezifo ezibangela i-nephrotic syndrome ziba ngcono zodwa noma zelashwe. Lapho nje isifo esiyisisekelo sesilashiwe, i-nephrotic syndrome kufanele ithuthuke.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo zingagcina ziholele ekuhlulekeni kwezinso, noma ngabe zelashwa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, i-dialysis futhi mhlawumbe ukufakelwa kwezinso kuzodingeka.

Uma unezimpawu ezikhathazayo noma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba nephrotic syndrome, yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho ukuxoxa ngezinto ezikukhathazayo.