I-Anomalous ishiye umthambo we-coronary kusuka emthanjeni we-pulmonary

Umthambo we-coronary we-Anomalous wesokunxele ovela emthanjeni we-pulmonary (ALCAPA) ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo. Umthambo we-coronary artery (LCA), ohambisa igazi uye emsipheni wenhliziyo, uqala emthanjeni wamaphaphu esikhundleni se-aorta.

I-ALCAPA ikhona lapho izalwa (izelwe).

I-ALCAPA yinkinga eyenzeka lapho inhliziyo yengane ikhula ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. Umthambo wegazi okhulayo osesiswini senhliziyo awunamathelani kahle.

Enhliziyweni ejwayelekile, i-LCA ivela e-aorta. Inikeza igazi elicebile oksijini emisipheni yenhliziyo ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo kanye ne-mitral valve (i-valve yenhliziyo phakathi kwamagumbi aphezulu naphansi enhliziyo ohlangothini lwesobunxele). I-aorta yisitsha esikhulu segazi esithatha igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuke enhliziyweni liye kuwo wonke umzimba.

Ezinganeni ezine-ALCAPA, i-LCA ivela emthanjeni wamaphaphu. Umthambo wamaphaphu ngumthambo omkhulu wegazi othatha igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo elisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini ukuze lithathe umoya-mpilo.

Lapho kuvela lesi sici, igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo liyiswa emsipheni wenhliziyo ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, umsipha wenhliziyo awutholi i-oxygen eyanele. Izicubu ziqala ukufa ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo. Lokhu kungadala isifo senhliziyo enganeni.

Isimo esaziwa ngokuthi "ukweba kwenhliziyo" siqhubeka silimaza inhliziyo ezinganeni ezine-ALCAPA. Umfutho wegazi ophansi emthanjeni wamaphaphu wenza ukuthi igazi elivela kwi-LCA exhunywe ngokungajwayelekile ligijimele emuva liye emthanjeni wamaphaphu esikhundleni sokuya esiswini senhliziyo. Lokhu kuholela egazini elincane ne-oxygen ezicutshini zenhliziyo. Le nkinga ingaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo enganeni. Ukweba iCoronary kukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ezinganeni ezine-ALCAPA uma isimo singelashwa kusenesikhathi.

Izimpawu ze-ALCAPA enganeni zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhala noma ukujuluka ngesikhathi sokudla
• Ukuthukuthela
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile
• Ukudla okungafanele
• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha
• Izimpawu zobuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka enganeni (okuvame ukuphutha nge-colic)

Izimpawu zingavela ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zokuphila kwengane.

Imvamisa, i-ALCAPA itholakala ngesikhathi isencane. Ezimweni ezingavamile, lokhu kukhubazeka akutholakali kuze kube yilapho umuntu eseyingane noma ekhulile.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo cishe uzothola izimpawu ze-ALCAPA, kufaka phakathi:

• Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
• Inhliziyo ekhulisiwe
• Ukububula kwenhliziyo (okungajwayelekile)
• Ukushaya ngamandla okusheshayo

Izivivinyo ezinga-odwa zifaka:

• I-Echocardiogram, eyi-ultrasound ebuka ukwakheka kwenhliziyo nokugeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG), elinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-MRI, enikeza isithombe esiningiliziwe senhliziyo
• I-catheterization yenhliziyo, inqubo lapho kufakwa khona ithubhu elincane (i-catheter) enhliziyweni ukubona ukugeleza kwegazi nokuthatha izilinganiso ezinembile zomfutho wegazi namazinga e-oxygen

Ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka ukulungisa i-ALCAPA. Kudingeka kuphela ukuhlinzwa okukodwa ezimweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlinzwa kuzoya ngesimo sengane kanye nosayizi wemithambo yegazi ethintekayo.

Uma imisipha yenhliziyo esekela i-mitral valve ilimale kabi kusuka ekunciphiseni i-oksijini, ingane ingadinga nokuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe noma kufakwe i-valve endaweni yayo. I-mitral valve ilawula ukugeleza kwegazi phakathi kwamakamelo ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo.

Ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo kungenziwa uma inhliziyo yengane ilimele kakhulu ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo.

Imithi esetshenzisiwe ihlanganisa:

• Amaphilisi wamanzi (isisu)
• Izidakamizwa ezenza ukuqina kwemisipha yenhliziyo kube nzima (ama-inotropic agents)
• Izidakamizwa ezehlisa umthwalo enhliziyweni (i-beta-blockers, i-ACE inhibitors)

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, izingane eziningi aziphili unyaka wazo wokuqala. Izingane eziphila ngaphandle kokwelashwa zingaba nezinkinga ezinkulu zenhliziyo. Izingane ezinale nkinga ezingalashwa zingafa ngokuzumayo phakathi neminyaka elandelayo.

Ngokwelashwa kusenesikhathi njengokuhlinzwa, izingane eziningi zenza kahle futhi zingalindela impilo ejwayelekile. Ukulandelwa okujwayelekile nodokotela wenhliziyo (udokotela wenhliziyo) kuzodingeka.

Izinkinga ze-ALCAPA zifaka:

• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo
• Ukulimala okungapheli enhliziyweni

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ingane yakho:

• Uphefumula ngokushesha
• Kubukeka kuphaphatheka impela
• Kubonakala kukhathazekile futhi kukhala kaningi

Imvelaphi engajabulisi yomthambo we-coronary wesobunxele ovela emthanjeni we-pulmonary; ALCAPA; I-ALCAPA syndrome; Isifo se-Bland-White-Garland; Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa - ALCAPA; Isici sokuzalwa - ALCAPA

• I-anomalous left coronary artery

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