I-bicuspid aortic valve

I-bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) iyi-aortic valve enamapheshana amabili kuphela, esikhundleni samathathu.

I-aortic valve ilawula ukugeleza kwegazi kusuka enhliziyweni kuya ku-aorta. I-aorta ingumthambo omkhulu wegazi oletha igazi elicebile oksijini emzimbeni.

I-aortic valve ivumela igazi elicebile oksijini ukuba ligobhoze lisuka enhliziyweni liye ku-aorta. Kuvimbela igazi ukuba lingabuyeli emuva lisuka ku-aorta lingene enhliziyweni lapho igumbi lokumpompa seliphumile.

I-BAV ikhona lapho izalwa (izelwe). I-aortic valve engavamile ikhula phakathi namasonto okuqala okukhulelwa, lapho inhliziyo yengane ikhula. Imbangela yale nkinga ayicaci, kepha yisona sifo esivame ukuzalwa esivela enhliziyweni. I-BAV ivame ukugijima emindenini.

I-BAV kungenzeka ingasebenzi ngokuphelele ekunqandeni igazi lingabuyeli lingene enhliziyweni. Lokhu kuvuza kubizwa ngokuthi yi-aortic regurgitation. I-aortic valve nayo ingaqina futhi ingavuleki. Lokhu kubizwa nge-aortic stenosis, okwenza inhliziyo ipompe kanzima kunokujwayelekile ukuthola igazi nge-valve. I-aorta ingakhuliswa ngalesi simo.

I-BAV ivame kakhulu kwabesilisa kunabesifazane.

I-BAV ivame ukuba khona ezinganeni ezine-coarctation ye-aorta (ukuncipha kwe-aorta). I-BAV ibuye ibonakale nasezifweni lapho kuvinjelwe khona ukugeleza kwegazi ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo.

Isikhathi esiningi, i-BAV ayitholakali ezinganeni noma ezinganeni ngoba ayibangeli zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, i-valve engavamile ingavuza noma inciphe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izimpawu zezinkinga ezinjalo zingafaka:

• Amathayi engane noma wengane kalula
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Kunzima ukuphefumula
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nokungajwayelekile (ukushaya kwenhliziyo)
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi (ukuquleka)
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile

Uma ingane inezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo ezalwa nayo, zingadala izimpawu ezizoholela ekutholeni i-BAV.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angathola izimpawu ze-BAV kufaka phakathi:

• Inhliziyo ekhulisiwe
• Inhliziyo ibubula
• Ukushaya ngamandla kwezihlakala nasemaqakaleni

Izivivinyo ezinga-odwa zifaka:

• I-MRI, enikeza isithombe esiningiliziwe senhliziyo
• I-Echocardiogram, eyi-ultrasound ebuka ukwakheka kwenhliziyo nokugeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo

Uma umhlinzeki esola izinkinga noma ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okwengeziwe, okunye ukuhlolwa kungabandakanya:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG), elinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo
• I-catheterization yenhliziyo, inqubo lapho kufakwa khona ithubhu elincane (i-catheter) enhliziyweni ukubona ukugeleza kwegazi nokuthatha izilinganiso ezinembile zomfutho wegazi namazinga e-oxygen
• I-MRA, i-MRI esebenzisa idayi ukubuka imithambo yegazi yenhliziyo

Usana noma ingane ingadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe noma kufakwe i-valve evuzayo noma encishisiwe, uma izinkinga zinzima.

I-valve encishisiwe nayo ingavulwa nge-catheterization yenhliziyo. Ishubhu elihle (ipayipi) liqondiswe enhliziyweni nasekuvulekeni okuncane kwe-aortic valve. Ibhaluni elinanyathiselwe ekugcineni kwethubhu ligcwele umoya ukuze kuvulwe i-valve enkulu.

Kubantu abadala, lapho i-valve ye-bicuspid ivuza kakhulu noma incipha kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi ifakwe enye.

Kwesinye isikhathi i-aorta nayo ingadinga ukulungiswa uma ibanzi kakhulu noma incane kakhulu.

Imithi ingadingeka ukudambisa izimpawu noma ukuvimbela izinkinga. Imithi ingafaka:

• Izidakamizwa ezehlisa umthwalo enhliziyweni (i-beta-blockers, i-ACE inhibitors)
• Izidakamizwa ezenza ukuqina kwemisipha yenhliziyo kube nzima (ama-inotropic agents)
• Amaphilisi wamanzi (isisu)

Ukuthi ingane yenza kahle kangakanani kuya ngobukhona nobukhulu bezinkinga ze-BAV.

Ukuba khona kwezinye izinkinga zomzimba ngesikhathi sokuzalwa nakho kungathinta ukuthi ingane isebenza kahle kangakanani.

Iningi lezingane ezinalesi sifo azinazo izimpawu, futhi inkinga ayitholakali kuze kube yilapho isikhulile. Abanye abantu abakaze bathole ukuthi banenkinga.

Izinkinga ze-BAV zifaka:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukuvuza kwegazi nge-valve kubuyele enhliziyweni
• Ukuncipha kokuvuleka kwe-valve
• Ukutheleleka kwemisipha yenhliziyo noma i-aortic valve

Shayela umhlinzeki wengane yakho uma ingane yakho:

• Akanaso isifiso sokudla
• Inesikhumba esiphaphathekile noma esilihlaza ngokungajwayelekile
• Kubonakala ukukhathala kalula

I-BAV isebenza emindenini. Uma wazi ngalesi simo emndenini wakho, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvikela lesi simo.

I-Bicommissural valve aortic; Isifo seValvular - i-bicuspid aortic valve; BAV

• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo - ukukhipha

• I-bicuspid aortic valve

UBorger MA, uFedak PWM, uStephens EH, et al. Imihlahlandlela yokuvumelana ye-AATS ku-aortopathy ehlobene ne-valve ehlobene ne-bicuspid: inguqulo egcwele online kuphela. J Thorac Cardiovasc Ukuhlinzwa. I-2018; 156 (2): e41-74. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jtcvs.2018.02.115. I-PMID: 30011777 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30011777/.

IBraverman AC, uCheng A. I-bicuspid aortic valve kanye nesifo se-aortic esihambisanayo. Ku: Otto CM, Bonow RO, eds. Isifo Senhliziyo SikaValvular: Umngane Wesifo Senhliziyo SikaBraunwald. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 11.

I-Fraser CD, uCameron DE, uMcMillan KN, uVricella LA. Isifo senhliziyo nokuphazamiseka kwezicubu. Ku: Ungerleider RM, Meliones JN, McMillian KN, Cooper DS, Jacobs JP, eds. Isifo senhliziyo esibucayi ezinganeni nasezinganeni. 3rd ed. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 53.

ILindman BR, iBonow RO, i-Otto CM. Isifo se-aortic valve. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Isifo Senhliziyo SikaBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo Nemithambo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 68.