Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo yezingane

Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo ezinganeni kwenziwa ukulungisa ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo ingane ezalwa inakho (izalwa izele ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo) nezifo zenhliziyo ingane ezithola ngemuva kokuzalwa ezidinga ukuhlinzwa. Ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka enhlalakahleni yengane.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo. Ezinye zincane, kanti ezinye zimbi kakhulu. Amaphutha angenzeka ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo noma emithanjeni emikhulu yegazi engaphandle kwenhliziyo. Okunye ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo kungadinga ukuhlinzwa ngemuva nje kokuzalwa kwengane. Kwabanye, ingane yakho ingakwazi ukulinda ngokuphepha izinyanga noma iminyaka ukuze ihlinzwe.

Ukuhlinzwa okukodwa kungakwanela ukulungisa isici senhliziyo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi uchungechunge lwezinqubo luyadingeka. Izindlela ezintathu ezihlukene zokulungisa ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kwenhliziyo ezinganeni zichazwe ngezansi.

Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile lapho udokotela ohlinzayo esebenzisa umshini wokudlula wenhliziyo nephaphu.

• Kusikeka ngethambo lesifuba (i-sternum) ngenkathi ingane ingaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile (ingane ilele futhi ayinazinhlungu).
• Amashubhu asetshenziselwa ukuhambisa kabusha igazi ngepompo ekhethekile ebizwa nge-heart-lung bypass machine. Lo mshini ungeza umoya-mpilo egazini futhi ugcina igazi lifudumele futhi lihamba emzimbeni wonke ngenkathi udokotela ohlinzayo elungisa inhliziyo.
• Ukusebenzisa umshini kuvumela inhliziyo ukuthi imiswe. Ukumisa inhliziyo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukulungisa imisipha yenhliziyo uqobo, ama-valve enhliziyo, noma imithambo yegazi engaphandle kwenhliziyo. Ngemuva kokuthi ukulungiswa kwenziwe, inhliziyo iyaqalwa futhi, nomshini uyasuswa. Isifuba sesifuba nokusikwa kwesikhumba bese kuvaliwe.

Ngokulungiswa kokukhubazeka okuthile kwenhliziyo, imbobo yenziwa ohlangothini lwesifuba, phakathi kwezimbambo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-thoracotomy. Ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuvalekile. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinsimbi ezikhethekile nekhamera.

Enye indlela yokulungisa ukukhubazeka enhliziyweni ukufaka amashubhu amancane emthanjeni emlenzeni bese uwadlulisela enhliziyweni. Kuphela okunye ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okungalungiswa ngale ndlela.

Isihloko esihlobene nalokhu ukuhlinzwa kokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho.

Okunye ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo kudinga ukulungiswa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa. Kwabanye, kungcono ukulinda izinyanga noma iminyaka. Ukukhubazeka okuthile kwenhliziyo kungahle kungadingi ukuthi kulungiswe.

Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi kudingeka ukuhlinzwa yilezi:

• Isikhumba esiluhlaza noma esimpunga, izindebe, nemibhede yezipikili (i-cyanosis). Lezi zimpawu zisho ukuthi i-oxygen ayanele egazini (hypoxia).
• Kunzima ukuphefumula ngoba amaphaphu "amanzi," aminyene, noma agcwele uketshezi (ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo).
• Izinkinga zokushaya kwenhliziyo noma isigqi senhliziyo (arrhythmias).
• Ukondla noma ukulala okungafanele, nokuntuleka kokukhula nokukhula kwengane.

Izibhedlela nezikhungo zezokwelapha ezihlinza inhliziyo ezinganeni zinodokotela abahlinzayo, abahlengikazi, nochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukwenza lokhu kuhlinza. Banabasebenzi abazonakekela ingane yakho ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Izingozi zanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa yilezi:

• Ukopha ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ezinsukwini ngemuva kokuhlinzwa
• Ukusabela okungalungile emithini
• Izinkinga ukuphefumula
• Ukutheleleka

Izingozi ezingeziwe zokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo yilezi:

• Amahlule egazi (i-thrombi)
• Amagwebu omoya (ukuhlanganiswa komoya)
• Inyumoniya
• Izinkinga zokushaya kwenhliziyo (arrhythmias)
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Unhlangothi

Uma ingane yakho ikhuluma, mtshele ngokuhlinzwa. Uma unengane esenkulisa, mtshele ngosuku olwandulela okuzokwenzeka. Ithi, isibonelo, "Siya esibhedlela ukuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa. Udokotela uzokuhlinza inhliziyo yakho ukuze isebenze kangcono."

Uma ingane yakho isikhulile, qala ukukhuluma ngenqubo isonto eli-1 ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Kufanele ufake uchwepheshe wempilo yengane (umuntu osiza izingane nemindeni yazo ngezikhathi ezifana nokuhlinzwa okukhulu) futhi ukhombise ingane esibhedlela nasezindaweni zokuhlinzwa.

Ingane yakho ingadinga izivivinyo eziningi ezahlukene:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (ukubalwa okuphelele kwegazi, ama-electrolyte, izinto ezijiyisayo, kanye ne- "cross match")
• I-X-ray yesifuba
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• I-Echocardiogram (i-ECHO, noma i-ultrasound yenhliziyo)
• I-catheterization yenhliziyo
• Umlando nomzimba

Hlala utshela umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo yengane yakho ukuthi yimiphi imithi ingane yakho eyisebenzisayo. Faka phakathi izidakamizwa, amakhambi, namavithamini owathengile ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.

Phakathi nezinsuku ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa:

• Uma ingane yakho ithatha izinciphisi zegazi (imishanguzo eyenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi ligaye), njenge-warfarin (i-Coumadin) noma i-heparin, khuluma nomhlinzeki wengane yakho mayelana nokuthi uzoyeka nini ukunika le mithi ingane.
• Buza ukuthi imiphi imishanguzo ingane okufanele isayiphuza ngosuku lokuhlinzwa.

Ngosuku lokuhlinzwa:

• Ingane yakho izocelwa kakhulu ukuthi ingaphuzi noma idle noma yini ngemuva kwamabili ebusuku ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
• Nikeza ingane yakho noma yimiphi imithi otshelwe ukuthi uyinikeze kancane.
• Uzotshelwa ukuthi ufika nini esibhedlela.

Iningi lezingane ezinokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile zidinga ukuhlala egunjini labagula kakhulu (i-ICU) izinsuku ezi-2 kuye kwezi-4 ngemuva nje kokuhlinzwa. Imvamisa bahlala esibhedlela izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-7 ngemuva kokuphuma kwabo e-ICU. Ukuhlala egumbini labagula kakhulu nesibhedlela kuvamise ukuba mfushane kubantu abahlinzwe inhliziyo.

Ngesikhathi sabo e-ICU, ingane yakho izoba nalezi:

• Ishubhu esisendleleni yomoya (i-endotracheal tube) kanye nokuphefumula okusiza ngokuphefumula. Ingane yakho izogcinwa ilele (ihleli) ngenkathi iphefumula.
• Ishubhu elilodwa noma amaningi emthanjeni (umugqa we-IV) ukunikeza uketshezi nemithi.
• Ishubhu elincane emthanjeni (ulayini wemithambo).
• Isigaxa esisodwa noma ezimbili zesifuba sokukhipha umoya, igazi noketshezi oluvela esifubeni.
• Ishubhu elingena emakhaleni lingene esiswini (ishubhu le-nasogastric) ukukhipha isisu nokuletha imithi nokuphakelwa izinsuku ezimbalwa.
• Ishubhu esinyeni sokukhipha futhi ulinganise umchamo izinsuku ezimbalwa.
• Olayini abaningi bakagesi namashubhu asetshenziselwa ukuqapha ingane.

Ngesikhathi ingane yakho ishiya i-ICU, iningi lamashubhu nezintambo kuzosuswa. Ingane yakho izokhuthazwa ukuthi iqale imisebenzi yayo ejwayelekile yansuku zonke. Ezinye izingane zingaqala ukuzidla noma ukuphuza zodwa kungakapheli usuku olungu-1 noma 2, kepha ezinye zingathatha isikhathi eside.

Lapho ingane yakho ikhishwa esibhedlela, abazali nabanakekeli bafundiswa ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi OKULUNGILE ukuthi ingane yayo iyenze, ukuthi inakekelwa kanjani ukusikeka, nokuthi ingayinikeza kanjani imithi ingane yayo engayidinga.

Ingane yakho idinga okungenani amasonto ambalwa ekhaya ukuze ilulame. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthi ingane yakho ingabuyela nini esikoleni noma enkulisa.

Ingane yakho izodinga ukuvakashelwa okulandelwayo nodokotela wenhliziyo (udokotela wenhliziyo) njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyi-12. Ingane yakho ingadinga ukuphuza ama-antibiotic ngaphambi kokuya kudokotela wamazinyo ukuyohlanza amazinyo noma ezinye izinqubo zamazinyo, ukuvimbela izifo ezinzima zenhliziyo. Buza udokotela wenhliziyo uma lokhu kudingekile.

Umphumela wokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo uncike esimweni sengane, uhlobo lwesici, kanye nohlobo lokuhlinzwa okwenziwe. Izingane eziningi zilulama ngokuphelele futhi ziphila impilo ejwayelekile, esebenzayo.

Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo - ezingane; Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo yezingane; Isifo senhliziyo esitholakele; Ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo - izingane

• Ukuphepha kwendlu yangasese - izingane
• Ukuletha ingane yakho ukuthi ivakashele ingane yakini egula kakhulu
• Ukudla ama-calories amaningi lapho ugula - izingane
• Ukuphepha kwe-oksijeni
• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo yezingane - ukukhishwa
• Ukunakekelwa kwesilonda sokuhlinzwa - kuvulekile
• Usebenzisa i-oxygen ekhaya

• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuvulekile kwengane

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ULeRoy S, u-Elixson EM, u-O'Brien P, et al. Izincomo zokulungiselela izingane nentsha izinqubo zenhliziyo ezihlaselayo: isitatimende esivela kwi-American Heart Association Pediatric Nursing Subcommittee yoMkhandlu we-Cardiovascular Nursing ngokubambisana noMkhandlu Wezifo Zenhliziyo Yabasha. Ukujikeleza. 2003; 108 (20): 2550-2564. I-PMID: 14623793 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14623793.

USteward RD, uVinnakota A, uMill MR. Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwesifo senhliziyo esizelwe. Ku: Stouffer GA, Runge MS, Patterson C, Rossi JS, eds. INteri's Cardiology. 3rd ed. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 53.

I-Webb GD, iSmallhorn JF, uTherrien J, uRedington AN. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso esigulini esidala nesingane. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Isifo Senhliziyo SikaBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo Nemithambo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 75.