Izifo zokugaya

Izifo zokugaya ukudla ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokugaya ukudla, kwesinye isikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Ekugayeni, ukudla neziphuzo kwehlukaniswa kube izingxenye ezincane (ezibizwa ngokuthi izakhamzimba) umzimba ongazincela futhi uzisebenzise njengamandla nokwakha amaseli.

Umgudu wokugaya ukudla wenziwe ngomcibisholo (ithubhu yokudla), isisu, amathumbu amakhulu namancane, isibindi, amanyikwe kanye nenyongo.

Uphawu lokuqala lwezinkinga emgudwini wokugaya ukudla luvame ukufaka eyodwa noma eziningi zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukopha
• Ukuqhakaza
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Uhudo
• Isilungulela
• Ukungazibambi
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu esiswini
• Izinkinga zokugwinya
• Ukuzuza kwesisindo noma ukwehla

Isifo sokugaya ukudla yinoma iyiphi inkinga yezempilo eyenzeka emgudwini wokugaya ukudla. Izimo zingahle zihlukane ukusuka kobumnene kuye kokubi kakhulu. Ezinye zezinkinga ezivamile zifaka isilungulela, umdlavuza, isifo samathumbu esingathukutheli nokungabekezelelani ne-lactose.

Ezinye izifo zokugaya ukudla zifaka:

• Ama-Gallstones, i-cholecystitis, ne-cholangitis
• Izinkinga ezibucayi, njenge-anal fissure, hemorrhoids, proctitis, kanye ne-rectal prolapse
• Izinkinga ze-Esophagus, njengokuqina (ukunciphisa) kanye ne-achalasia ne-esophagitis
• Izinkinga zesisu, kufaka phakathi i-gastritis, izilonda zesisu esivame ukubangelwa I-Helicobacter pylori ukutheleleka nomdlavuza
  
• Izinkinga zesibindi, njenge-hepatitis B noma i-hepatitis C, i-cirrhosis, ukwehluleka kwesibindi, ne-autoimmune kanye ne-hepatitis yotshwala
• I-Pancreatitis kanye ne-pseudocyst ye-pancreatic
• Izinkinga zamathumbu, njengama-polyps nomdlavuza, izifo, isifo se-celiac, isifo se-Crohn, i-ulcerative colitis, i-diverticulitis, i-malabsorption, i-short bowel syndrome, ne-ischemia yamathumbu
• Isifo se-reflux se-Gastroesophageal (GERD), isifo se-peptic ulcer, ne-hernia yokubeletha

Ukuhlolwa kwezinkinga zokugaya ukudla kungabandakanya i-colonoscopy, i-endoscopy ephezulu ye-GI, i-capsule endoscopy, i-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), ne-endoscopic ultrasound.

Izinqubo eziningi zokuhlinza zenziwa emgudwini wokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinqubo ezenziwa kusetshenziswa i-endoscopy, i-laparoscopy, nokuhlinzwa okuvulekile. Ukufakelwa komzimba kungenziwa esibindi, amanyikwe, namathumbu amancane.

Abahlinzeki abaningi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bangasiza ukuxilonga nokwelapha izinkinga zokugaya ukudla. I-gastroenterologist ingudokotela onguchwepheshe othole ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe ekutholeni nasekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla. Abanye abahlinzeki ababandakanyeka ekwelapheni izifo zokugaya ukudla zibandakanya:

• Abahlengikazi (NPs) noma abasizi bodokotela (PAs)
• Izazi zokudla okunomsoco noma izazi zokudla
• Odokotela bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo
• Odokotela bemisebe
• Abahlinzayo

• I-anatomy ejwayelekile yesisu

UHögenauer C, uHammer HF. I-Maldigestion kanye ne-malabsorption. Ku: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, ama-eds. ISleisenger neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: IPathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 104.

IKliegman RM, iSt. Geme JW, iBlum NJ, i-Shah SS, iTasker RC, iWilson KM. Ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lokugaya ukudla. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 123.

IMeya EA. Umsebenzi wokuphazamiseka kwamathumbu emathunjini: i-irritable bowel syndrome, i-dyspepsia, ubuhlungu besifuba esophageal, nesilungulela. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 128.