Izinsizakalo ze-Orthopedic

I-Orthopedics, noma izinsizakalo zamathambo, zihlose ukwelashwa kohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amathambo akho, amalunga, imigqa, imisipha, nemisipha.

Kungaba nezinkinga eziningi zezokwelapha ezingathinta amathambo, amalunga, imisipha, imisipha, nemisipha.

Izinkinga zamathambo zingafaka:

• Ukukhubazeka kwamathambo
• Ukutheleleka kwamathambo
• Izimila zamathambo
• Izintanda
• Isidingo sokunqunywa
• Ama-nonunions: ukwehluleka kokuphuka ukuphulukisa
• Ama-malunion: ukuphulukiswa kokuphuka endaweni engafanele
• Ukukhubazeka komgogodla

Izinkinga ezihlangene zingafaka:

• Isifo samathambo
• I-Bursitis
• Ukuhlukaniswa
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• Ukuvuvukala okuhlangene noma ukuvuvukala
• Izinyembezi zeLigament

Ukuxilongwa okuhlobene namathambo okuvamile okususelwa engxenyeni yomzimba kufaka:

I-ANKLE NEZINYAWO

• AmaBunion
• I-Fasciitis
• Ukukhubazeka kwezinyawo nezinyawo
• Izintanda
• Uzwane lwesando
• Ubuhlungu besithende
• Isithende siyaqubuka
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene nesifo samathambo
• Ukuqothuka
• Umhubhe weTarsal syndrome
• Sesamoiditis
• Ukulimala kwetendon noma i-ligament
  

ISANDLA NESIHLOKO

• Izintanda
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• Isifo samathambo
• Ukulimala kwetendon noma i-ligament
• I-Carpal tunnel syndrome
• I-Ganglion cyst
• I-tendinitis
• UTendon uyakhala
• Ukutheleleka

IJELE

• Isifo samathambo
• I-Bursitis
• Ukuhlukaniswa
• Ihlombe elifriziwe (i-adhesive capsulitis)
• Impingement syndrome
• Izindikimba ezikhululekile noma zangaphandle
• Isigaxa seRotator siyakhala
• I-Rotator cuff tendinitis
• Ukwehlukana
• I-labrum ephukile
• Izinyembezi ze-SLAP
• Izintanda

UKUGUQA

• Ukulimala kwe-Cartilage ne-meniscus
• Ukususwa kwe-kneecap (patella)
• I-Ligament sprains noma izinyembezi (i-anterior cruciate, i-posterior cruciate, i-medial collateral, ne-lateral collateral ligament izinyembezi)
• Ukulimala kweMeniscus
• Izindikimba ezikhululekile noma zangaphandle
• Isifo i-Osgood-Schlatter
• Ubuhlungu
• I-tendinitis
• Izintanda
• UTendon uyakhala

I-ELBOW

• Isifo samathambo
• I-Bursitis
• Ukuhlukaniswa noma ukwehlukaniswa
• I-ligament iqhuma noma izinyembezi
• Izindikimba ezikhululekile noma zangaphandle
• Ubuhlungu
• I-Tennis noma i-golfers elbow (i-epicondylitis noma i-tendinitis)
• Ukuqina kwendololwane noma izinkontileka
• Izintanda

UMGOGO

• Idiski ye-Herniated (ishelelisiwe)
• Ukutheleleka komgogodla
• Ukulimala umgogodla
• I-Scoliosis
• I-spinal stenosis
• Isimila somgogodla
• Izintanda
• Ukulimala komgogodla
• Isifo samathambo

IMISEBENZI NOKWELAPHA

Izinqubo zokufanekisa zingasiza ukuxilonga noma ukwelapha izimo eziningi zamathambo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo anga-oda:

• Ama-X-ray
• Amathambo ahlola
• Ukuskena kwe-computed tomography (CT)
• Ukuskena kwe-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• I-Arthrogram (i-x-ray ehlangene)
• I-Discography

Kwesinye isikhathi, ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukufaka imijovo yomuthi endaweni ebuhlungu. Lokhu kungabandakanya i-corticosteroid noma ezinye izinhlobo zomjovo emajoyintini, imisipha, nemisipha, nakuzungeze umgogodla.

Izinqubo zokuhlinza ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwamathambo zihlanganisa:

• Ukunqunywa
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-arthroscopic
• Ukulungiswa kwezinzwane zeBunionectomy nesando
• Izinqubo zokulungisa uqwanga noma izinqubo zokuvula kabusha
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-cartilage emadolweni
• Ukunakekelwa kokwephuka
• Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlangene
• Ukufakwa esikhundleni se-arthroplasty noma okuhlangene
• Ukwakhiwa kabusha kweLigament
• Ukulungiswa kwemigqa edabukile nemisipha
• Ukuhlinzwa komgogodla, kufaka phakathi i-diskectomy, i-foraminotomy, i-laminectomy, ne-fusion yomgogodla

Izinqubo ezintsha zezinsizakalo zamathambo zifaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa okuncane okuhlaselayo
• Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle okuthuthukile
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithatha indawo yamathambo kanye namaprotheni ahlanganisa amathambo

NGUBANI OTHILE

Ukunakekelwa kwamathambo kuvame ukufaka indlela yeqembu. Ithimba lakho lingafaka udokotela, uchwepheshe ongeyena udokotela kanye nabanye. Ochwepheshe abangewona odokotela bangabachwepheshe abanjengochwepheshe bomzimba.

• Abahlinzayo bamathambo bathola ukuqeqeshwa iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kwesikole. Benza ngokukhethekile ukunakekelwa kokuphazamiseka kwamathambo, imisipha, imisipha, nemisipha. Baqeqeshelwe ukuphatha izinkinga ngokuhlanganyela ngazo zombili izindlela zokusebenza nezingasebenzi.
• Imithi yokwelapha kanye nokuhlumelelisa odokotela baneminyaka engu-4 noma ngaphezulu yokuqeqeshwa ngemuva kwesikole sezokwelapha. Bakhethekile kulolu hlobo lokunakekelwa. Baphinde babizwe nangokuthi ama-physiatrists. Abazihlinzeki, yize bekwazi ukujova ngokuhlanganyela.
• Odokotela bemithi yezemidlalo bangodokotela abanolwazi kwezokwelapha kwezemidlalo. Banokukhethekile okuyisisekelo ekusebenzeni komndeni, imishanguzo yangaphakathi, umuthi ophuthumayo, ukwelashwa kwezingane, noma imithi yomzimba kanye nokuvuselelwa. Iningi lineminyaka engu-1 kuye kwengu-2 yokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kwezokwelapha ngezinhlelo zezinhlelo zemithi yezemidlalo. Umuthi wezemidlalo uyigatsha elikhethekile lamathambo. Abazihlinzeki, yize bekwazi ukujova ngokuhlanganyela. Banikeza ukunakekelwa okuphelele kwezokwelapha kubantu abakhuthele bayo yonke iminyaka.

Abanye odokotela abangaba yingxenye yethimba lamathambo bafaka:

• Izazi zezinzwa
• Ochwepheshe bezinhlungu
• Odokotela bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo
• Odokotela bengqondo
• Izidakamizwa

Ochwepheshe bezempilo abangewona odokotela abangaba yingxenye yethimba lamathambo bafaka:

• Abaqeqeshi bezemidlalo
• Abeluleki
• Abahlengikazi
• Abelaphi bomzimba
• Abasizi bodokotela
• Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo
• Abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle
• Abenza imisebenzi yezandla

I-Ball JW, i-Dains JE, i-Flynn JA, i-Solomon BS, i-Stewart RW. Uhlelo lweMusculoskeletal. Ku: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, ama-eds. Umhlahlandlela kaSiedel Wokuhlolwa Komzimba. Umhlaka 9. ILouis, MO: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 22.

UMcGee S. Ukuhlolwa kohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal. Ku: McGee S, ed. Ukuxilongwa Komzimba Okusekelwe Ebufakazini. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 57.

ENaples RM, Ufberg JW. Ukuphathwa kokuhlukaniswa okuvamile. Ku: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, ama-eds. Izinqubo Zomtholampilo zikaRoberts noHedges ku-Emergency Medicine kanye ne-Acute Care. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 49.