Ukuphefumula kuzwakala

Imisindo yokuphefumula yimisindo ekhiqizwa ukwakheka kwamaphaphu ngesikhathi sokuphefumula.

Imisindo yamaphaphu izwakala kangcono nge-stethoscope. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-auscultation.

Imisindo ejwayelekile yamaphaphu yenzeka kuzo zonke izingxenye zesifuba, kufaka phakathi ngenhla kwamakhola kanye nangaphansi kwezimbambo.

Usebenzisa i-stethoscope, udokotela angezwa imisindo ejwayelekile yokuphefumula, anciphise noma angabikho imisindo yokuphefumula, nemisindo yokuphefumula engajwayelekile.

Imisindo engekho noma eyehlisiwe ingasho:

• Umoya noma uketshezi ngaphakathi noma ezungeze amaphaphu (njenge-pneumonia, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ne-pleural effusion)
• Ukwanda okuthe xaxa kodonga lwesifuba
• Ukwehla kwamandla emali ngokweqile kwengxenye yamaphaphu (emphysema kungadala lokhu)
• Ukuphungulwa komoya engxenyeni yamaphaphu

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemisindo yokuphefumula engajwayelekile. Oku-4 okuvame kakhulu yilezi:

• Rales. Ukuchofoza okuncane, ukubhuza, noma ukuncinza kwemisindo emaphashini. Zizwakala lapho umuntu edonsa umoya (ehogela). Kukholakala ukuthi zenzeka lapho umoya uvula izikhala zomoya ezivaliwe. Ama-rales angachazwa ngokuqhubekayo njengamanzi, omile, amahle, noma amancanyana.
• URhonchi. Imisindo efana nokuhonqa. Zenzeka lapho umoya uvinjelwe noma ukugeleza komoya kuba lukhuni ezindleleni ezinkulu zomoya.
• I-Stridor. Umsindo ofana noweva uzwakala lapho umuntu ephefumula. Imvamisa kungenxa yokuvalwa kokugeleza komoya ku-windpipe (trachea) noma ngemuva komphimbo.
• Ukuqhuma. Imisindo ephakeme kakhulu ekhishwa yimigwaqo yomoya emincane. Ukulunguza neminye imisindo engajwayelekile kwesinye isikhathi kungazwakala ngaphandle kwe-stethoscope.

Izimbangela zemisindo yokuphefumula engajwayelekile zingafaka:

• I-bronchitis enamandla
• Isifuba Somoya
• I-Bronchiectasis
• I-bronchitis engapheli
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yokubopha
• I-Emphysema
• Isifo samaphaphu esiphakathi
• Ukuvinjelwa komzimba wangaphandle kwendlela yomoya
• Inyumoniya
• I-edema yamaphaphu
• I-Tracheobronchitis

Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma une:

• I-cyanosis (ukushintsha kombala okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka)
• Ukuqhuma kwamakhala
• Kunenkinga enkulu yokuphefumula noma ukuphefumula okuncane

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma uphefumula noma eminye imisindo yokuphefumula engajwayelekile.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi akubuze imibuzo ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nokuphefumula kwakho.

Imibuzo ingafaka:

• Uqale nini umsindo wokuphefumula?
• Yahlala isikhathi esingakanani?
• Ungakuchaza kanjani ukuphefumula kwakho?
• Yini eyenza kube ngcono noma kubi?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu onazo?

Umhlinzeki uthola imisindo yokuphefumula engajwayelekile ezimweni eziningi. Ungahle ungaziboni.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• Ukuhlaziywa kwesampula lesikhohlela (isiko lesikhohlela, isikhwehlela segrem lesikhohlela)
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (kufaka phakathi i-arterial blood gas)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-CT scan yesifuba
• Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wePulmonary
• Pulse oximetry

Lung umsindo; Ukuphefumula imisindo

• Amaphaphu
• Ukuphefumula kuzwakala

I-Ball JW, i-Dains JE, i-Flynn JA, i-Solomon BS, i-Stewart RW. Isifuba namaphaphu. Ku: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, ama-eds. Umhlahlandlela kaSiedel Wokuhlolwa Komzimba. Umhlaka 9. ILouis, MO: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 14.

UKraft M. Indlela eya esigulini esinezifo zokuphefumula. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 83.