Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo

Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo iyeka ukushaya ngokungazelelwe. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni futhi nawo wonke umzimba uyama. Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Uma kungalashwa kungakapheli imizuzu embalwa, ukuboshwa komzimba kuvame ukubangela ukufa.

Ngenkathi abanye abantu bebhekisa ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo njengokuboshwa kwenhliziyo, akuyona into efanayo. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwenzeka lapho umthambo ovinjiwe umisa ukugeleza kwegazi liye enhliziyweni. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungalimaza inhliziyo, kepha akusho ukuthi kubangele ukufa. Kodwa-ke, isifo senhliziyo kwesinye isikhathi singadala ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kubangelwa inkinga ngohlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo, njenge:

• I-Ventricular fibrillation (VF) - Uma i-VF yenzeka, amakamelo aphansi asenkingeni yenhliziyo esikhundleni sokushaya njalo. Inhliziyo ayikwazi ukumpompa igazi, okuholela ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu noma njengomphumela wesinye isimo.
• Inhliziyo evimba - Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isignali kagesi yehliswa noma imiswa njengoba ihamba enhliziyweni.

Izinkinga ezingaholela ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo zifaka:

• Isifo senhliziyo seCoronary (CHD) - I-CHD ingavimba imithambo esenhliziyweni yakho, ngakho igazi alikwazi ukugeleza kahle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungabeka ubunzima ohlelweni lwemisipha nogesi wenhliziyo yakho.
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo - Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungadala izicubu ezibomvu ezingaholela ku-VF nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo, ezinjengezifo zenhliziyo yokuzalwa, izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo, izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo, nenhliziyo ekhulisiwe nakho kungaholela ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo.
• Amazinga angajwayelekile we-potassium noma i-magnesium - Lawa amaminerali asiza ukusebenza kohlelo lwamandla kagesi wenhliziyo yakho. Amazinga aphezulu noma aphansi ngokungajwayelekile angadala ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
• Ukucindezela komzimba okukhulu - Noma yini ebanga ukucindezeleka okukhulu emzimbeni wakho kungaholela ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungafaka ukuhlukumezeka, ukushaywa ugesi, noma ukulahleka kwegazi okukhulu.
• Izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa - Ukusebenzisa imishanguzo ethile, efana ne-cocaine noma i-amphetamines, futhi kwandisa ingozi yokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
• Imithi - Eminye imithi ingakhuphula amathuba ezigqi zenhliziyo ezingajwayelekile.

Iningi labantu ALinazo izimpawu zokuboshwa kwenhliziyo kuze kwenzeke. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukulahlekelwa ngokuzumayo okungazelelwe; umuntu uzowa phansi noma awe phansi uma ehleli
• Ayikho ishayela
• Akukho ukuphefumula

Kwezinye izimo, ungabona ezinye izimpawu cishe ihora ngaphambi kokuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Inhliziyo egijimayo
• Isiyezi
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu besifuba

Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, asikho isikhathi sokwenza izivivinyo. Uma umuntu esinda, ukuhlolwa okuningi kwenziwa ngemuva kwalokho ukusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangele ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola ama-enzyme angakhombisa ukuthi ngabe uke wahlaselwa yinhliziyo. Udokotela wakho futhi angasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga wamaminerali athile, amahomoni, namakhemikhali emzimbeni wakho.
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG) ukukala umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yakho. I-ECG ingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe inhliziyo yakho ilimele ngenxa ye-CHD noma isifo senhliziyo.
• I-Echocardiogram ukukhombisa uma inhliziyo yakho yonakele futhi uthole ezinye izinhlobo zezinkinga zenhliziyo (njengezinkinga ezinesisindo senhliziyo noma ama-valve).
• I-MRI yenhliziyo isiza umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi abone izithombe ezinemininingwane yenhliziyo yakho nemithambo yegazi.
• Ucwaningo lwe-Intracardiac electrophysiology (EPS) ukubona ukuthi amasignali kagesi enhliziyo yakho asebenza kahle kangakanani. I-EPS isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma isigqi senhliziyo.
• I-catheterization yenhliziyo ivumela umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi abone ukuthi imithambo yakho yegazi incishisiwe noma ivinjiwe
• Ucwaningo lwe-Electrophysiologic ukuhlola uhlelo lokuqhuba.

Umhlinzeki wakho futhi angaqalisa ezinye izivivinyo, kuya ngomlando wakho wezempilo kanye nemiphumela yalezi zivivinyo.

Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kudinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha ukuze inhliziyo iqale futhi.

• Ukuvuselelwa kweCardiopulmonary (CPR) - Imvamisa lolu luhlobo lokuqala lokwelashwa kokuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Kungenziwa yinoma ngubani oqeqeshwe ku-CPR. Kungasiza ukugcina umoya-mpilo ugeleza emzimbeni kuze kufike ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
• Defibrillation - Le yindlela yokwelashwa ebaluleke kakhulu yokuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Kwenziwa kusetshenziswa idivaysi yezokwelapha enikeza ukwethuka kukagesi enhliziyweni. Ukushaqeka kungathola ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokujwayelekile futhi. Ama-defibrillator amancane, aphathekayo avame ukutholakala ezindaweni zomphakathi ukuze asetshenziswe ngabantu abaphuthumayo abaqeqeshelwe ukuwasebenzisa. Le ndlela yokwelashwa isebenza kahle kakhulu uma inikezwa kungakapheli imizuzu embalwa.

Uma usinda ekuboshweni inhliziyo, uzolaliswa esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa. Ngokuya ngokuthi yini ebangele ukuboshwa kwakho kwenhliziyo, ungadinga eminye imithi, izinqubo, noma ukuhlinzwa.

Ungaba nedivayisi encane, ebizwa nge-implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) ebekwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho eduze kwesifuba sakho. I-ICD ibheka ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho futhi inike inhliziyo yakho ukwethuka ngogesi uma ithola isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile.

Abantu abaningi ABASINDI ngokuboshwa inhliziyo. Uma uke waboshwa inhliziyo, usengozini enkulu yokuba nomunye. Kuzodingeka usebenze eduze nodokotela bakho ukunciphisa ubungozi bakho.

Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kungadala ezinye izinkinga zezempilo ezihlala njalo kubandakanya:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo
• Izimo zamaphaphu
• Ukutheleleka

Ungadinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo nokwelashwa ukuphatha ezinye zalezi zinkinga.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho noma u-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo ngokushesha uma une:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuphelelwa umoya

Indlela engcono yokuzivikela ekuboshweni inhliziyo ukugcina inhliziyo yakho iphilile. Uma une-CHD noma esinye isimo senhliziyo, cela umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi angayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe; SCA; Ukuboshwa kwe-Cardiopulmonary; Ukuboshwa kwegazi; Arrhythmia - ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo; I-fibrillation - ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo; Inhliziyo block - ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo

IMyanerburg RJ. Indlela yokuboshwa kwenhliziyo kanye nama-arrhythmias asongela impilo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 57.

UMyerburg RJ, uGoldberger JJ. Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo nokufa okungazelelwe kwenhliziyo. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Izifo Zenhliziyo zeBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 42.