Umdlavuza wendunu

Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese ngumdlavuza oqala endunu. I-anus ukuvulwa ekugcineni kwe-rectum yakho. I-rectum yingxenye yokugcina yamathumbu akho amakhulu lapho kugcinwa khona udoti oqinile ovela ekudleni (esitokisini). Indle ishiya umzimba wakho nge-anus lapho unyakaza amathumbu.

Umdlavuza wesisu awuvamile. Isakazeka kancane futhi kulula ukuyelapha ngaphambi kokuba isabalale.

Umdlavuza wesinqe ungaqala noma yikuphi endunu. Lapho iqala khona inquma ukuthi hlobo luni lomdlavuza olukhona.

• I-squamous cell carcinoma. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wendunu. Iqala kumaseli agudla umsele wangasese futhi akhule abe izicubu ezijulile.
• I-Cloacogenic carcinoma. Cishe wonke amanye umdlavuza wesidunu yizicubu eziqala kumaseli afaka indawo ephakathi kwe-anus ne-rectum. I-Cloacogenic carcinoma ibukeka ihlukile kunomdlavuza wamangqamuzana angama-squamous, kodwa iziphatha ngendlela efanayo futhi iphathwa ngokufanayo.
• I-Adenocarcinoma. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wendunu aluvamile e-United States. Iqala ezingxenyeni zezindunu ezingezansi kobuso bendunu futhi ivame ukuthuthuka kakhulu lapho itholakala.
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba. Eminye imidlavuza yakha ngaphandle kwendunu endaweni ye-perianal. Le ndawo isikhumba ikakhulukazi. Izicubu lapha ngumdlavuza wesikhumba futhi ziphathwa njengomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Imbangela yomdlavuza wendunu ayikacaci. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi komdlavuza wesinqe kanye ne-human papillomavirus noma ukutheleleka nge-HPV. I-HPV igciwane elidluliselwa ngocansi elixhunyaniswe namanye amagciwane.

Ezinye izinto eziyingozi kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukutheleleka nge-HIV / AIDS. Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese uvame kakhulu kubantu besilisa abane-HIV / AIDS abalala namanye amadoda.
• Umsebenzi wezocansi. Ukuba nabalingani abaningi kwezocansi nokuya ocansini lwangemuva kuyizingozi ezinkulu zombili. Lokhu kungabangelwa ingozi eyandayo yokutheleleka nge-HPV ne-HIV / AIDS.
• Ukubhema. Ukuyeka kuzonciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wendunu.
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. I-HIV / AIDS, ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba, imithi ethile, kanye nezinye izimo ezenza buthakathaka amasosha omzimba kwandise ubungozi bakho.
• Ubudala. Iningi labantu abanomdlavuza wendunu baneminyaka engama-50 noma ngaphezulu. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kubonakala kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka yobudala engama-35.
• Ubulili nobuhlanga. Umdlavuza wesisu uvame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa emaqenjini amaningi. Abesilisa abaningi base-Afrika baseMelika bathola umdlavuza wendunu kunabesifazane.

Ukuphuma kwegazi, okuvame ukuba kuncane, ngesinye sezibonakaliso zokuqala zomdlavuza wendunu. Imvamisa, umuntu ngephutha ucabanga ukuthi ukopha kubangelwa ama-hemorrhoids.

Ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu zokuqala zifaka:

• Isigaxa ngaphakathi noma eduze kwendunu
• Ubuhlungu besitho
• Ukulunywa
• Ukukhishwa kusuka endunu
• Shintsha imikhuba yamathumbu
• Ama-lymph node avuvukile endaweni yesikhumba noma yesikhumba

Umdlavuza we-Anal uvame ukutholakala ngokuhlolwa kwe-digital rectal (DRE) ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba okujwayelekile.

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokubuza ngomlando wakho wezempilo, kufaka phakathi umlando wezocansi, ukugula kwangaphambilini, nemikhuba yakho yezempilo. Izimpendulo zakho zingasiza umhlinzeki wakho aqonde izingozi zakho zomdlavuza wesitho sangasese.

Umhlinzeki wakho angacela ezinye izivivinyo. Zingafaka:

• I-Anoscopy
• I-Proctoscopy
• I-Ultrasound
• Isidumbu

Uma noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi unomdlavuza, umhlinzeki wakho kungenzeka enze ukuhlolwa okuningi ukuze "abeke" umdlavuza. Ukubeka isiteji kusiza ukukhombisa ukuthi ungakanani umdlavuza osemzimbeni wakho nokuthi usenabele yini.

Ukuthi umdlavuza uhlelwe kanjani kuzonquma ukuthi welashwa kanjani.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wendunu kususelwa ku:

• Isigaba somdlavuza
• Lapho kutholakala khona isimila
• Noma ngabe une-HIV / AIDS noma ezinye izimo ezenza buthakathaka amasosha omzimba
• Ukuthi umdlavuza umelane nokwelashwa kokuqala noma ubuyile

Ezimweni eziningi, umdlavuza wendunu ongakasakazeki ungelashwa ngemithi yokwelapha ngemisebe nangamakhemikhali ndawonye. Imisebe iyodwa ingalapha umdlavuza. Kodwa isilinganiso esiphezulu esidingekayo singadala ukufa kwezicubu kanye nezicubu ezibomvu. Ukusebenzisa i-chemotherapy nge-radiation kwehlisa umthamo wemisebe edingekayo. Lokhu kusebenza ngendlela efanayo nokwelapha umdlavuza ngemiphumela emibi embalwa.

Kuma-tumors amancane kakhulu, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlinza kukodwa, esikhundleni semisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy.

Uma umdlavuza uhlala ngemuva kwemisebe kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ngokuvamile kudingeka ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukususa i-anus, i-rectum, nengxenye yekholoni. Umkhawulo omusha wamathumbu amakhulu uzobe usunamathiselwa embobeni (stoma) esiswini. Inqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-colostomy. Izindle ezihamba ngokudlula kwamathumbu zingena ngesitimela ziye esikhwameni esifakwe esiswini.

Umdlavuza uthinta indlela ozizwa ngayo ngawe nangempilo yakho. Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza uzizwe ungaphansi kwesizungu.

Ungacela umhlinzeki wakho noma abasebenzi esikhungweni sokwelashwa komdlavuza ukuthi bakudlulisele eqenjini elixhasa umdlavuza.

Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese usakazeka kancane. Ngokwelashwa kusenesikhathi, iningi labantu abanomdlavuza wendunu alinomdlavuza ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu.

Ungaba nemiphumela emibi ngokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

Bona umhlinzeki wakho uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza wesitho sangasese, ikakhulukazi uma unezinye zezinto eziyingozi kuwo.

Njengoba imbangela yomdlavuza wangasese ingaziwa, akunakwenzeka ukuyivimba ngokuphelele. Kepha ungathatha izinyathelo ukwehlisa ubungozi bakho.

• Zijwayeze ukwenza ucansi oluphephile ukusiza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-HPV ne-HIV / AIDS. Abantu abaya ocansini nabalingani abaningi noma abenza ucansi lwangasese olungavikelekile basengozini enkulu yokuthola lezi zifo. Ukusebenzisa amakhondomu kunganikeza ukuvikelwa okuthile, kepha hhayi ukuvikeleka ngokuphelele. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngezinketho zakho.
• Buza umhlinzeki wakho ngomuthi wokugomela i-HPV nokuthi kufanele uwuthole yini.
• UNGABHALI. Uma ubhema, ukuyeka kunganciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesitho sangasese kanye nezinye izifo.

Umdlavuza - ingquza; I-squamous cell carcinoma - i-anal; I-HPV - umdlavuza wendunu

IHallemeier CL, iHaddock MG. I-anal carcinoma. Ku: Tepper JE, Foote RL, Michalski JM, eds. I-Gunderson & Tepper's Clinical Radiation Oncology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 59.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-anal - inguqulo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/anal/hp/anal-treatment-pdq. Kubuyekezwe uJanuwari 22, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 19, 2020.

UShridhar R, uShibata D, uKhan E, uThomas CR. Umdlavuza we-Anal: izindinganiso zamanje zokunakekelwa nezinguquko zakamuva ekusebenzeni. I-CA Cancer J Clin. 2015; 65 (2): 139-162. I-PMID: 25582527 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25582527/.