Umfutho wegazi ophakeme - izingane

Umfutho wegazi uyisilinganiso samandla asetshenziswayo ezindongeni zemithambo yakho njengoba inhliziyo yakho iphampa igazi emzimbeni wakho. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophezulu) wukwanda kwalamandla. Lo mbhalo ubheka umfutho wegazi ophakeme ezinganeni, okuvame ukuba umphumela wokukhuluphala ngokweqile.

Ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi kunikezwa njengezinombolo ezimbili. Izilinganiso zengcindezi yegazi zibhalwe ngale ndlela: 120/80. Enye noma zombili lezi zinombolo zingaba phezulu kakhulu.

• Inombolo yokuqala (ephezulu) yi-systolic blood pressure.
• Inombolo yesibili (ngezansi) ingcindezi le-diastolic.

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaba ngu-13 ulinganiswa ngokwehlukile kunabantu abadala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lokho okubhekwa njengomfutho wegazi ojwayelekile kuyashintsha njengoba ingane ikhula. Izinombolo zengcindezi yegazi lengane ziqhathaniswa nezilinganiso zomfutho wegazi wezinye izingane ezineminyaka efanayo, ukuphakama, nobulili.

Izinga lengcindezi yegazi ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-13 lishicilelwa yinhlangano kahulumeni. Ungabuza futhi nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi okungajwayelekile kuchazwa kanjena:

• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Isigaba 1 umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Isigaba 2 umfutho wegazi ophakeme

Izingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-13 zilandela imihlahlandlela efanayo yomfutho wegazi ophezulu njengabantu abadala.

Izinto eziningi zingathinta ukucindezelwa kwegazi, kufaka phakathi:

• Amazinga ama-hormone
• Impilo yesistimu yezinzwa, inhliziyo, nemithambo yegazi
• Impilo yezinso

Isikhathi esiningi, asikho isizathu somfutho wegazi ophakeme otholakalayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-primary (essential) hypertension.

Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile ezingakhuphula ubungozi be-high blood pressure ezinganeni:

• Ukhuluphele ngokweqile noma ukhuluphele ngokweqile
• Umlando womndeni we-high blood pressure
• Umjaho - Abase-Afrika baseMelika basengozini enkulu yomfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Ukuba nohlobo 2 sikashukela noma ushukela ophakeme wegazi
• Ukuba ne-cholesterol ephezulu
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokulala, njengokuthimula noma ukuphefumula kokulala
• Isifo sezinso
• Umlando wokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi

Ezinganeni eziningi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme uhlobene nokukhuluphala ngokweqile.

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ungadalwa enye inkinga yezempilo. Kungabangelwa futhi umuthi ophuzwa ingane yakho. Izimbangela zesibili zivame kakhulu ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezincane. Izimbangela ezivamile zifaka:

• Izinkinga ze-thyroid
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo
• Izinkinga zezinso
• Izicubu ezithile
• I-apnea yokulala
• Imithi efana ne-steroids, amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha, ama-NSAID, kanye neminye imithi ejwayelekile ebandayo

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu uzobuyela kwesejwayelekile uma umuthi usumisiwe noma isimo selashwa.

Umfutho wegazi onempilo kunazo zonke ezinganeni usekelwe ebulilini bengane, ukuphakama, nobudala bayo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angakutshela ukuthi kufanele ibe yini umfutho wegazi wengane yakho.

Iningi lezingane alinazo izimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme uvame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa lapho umhlinzeki ehlola umfutho wegazi wengane yakho.

Ezimweni eziningi, okuwukuphela kwesibonakaliso somfutho wegazi ophakeme isilinganiso somfutho wegazi uqobo. Ezinganeni ezinesisindo esinempilo, ingcindezi yegazi kufanele ithathwe minyaka yonke kusukela eminyakeni yobudala engu-3. Ukuze uthole ukufundwa okunembile, umhlinzeki wengane yakho uzosebenzisa ikhafu yengcindezi yegazi elingana kahle ingane yakho.

Uma umfutho wegazi wengane yakho uphakeme, umhlinzeki kufanele alinganise ukucindezelwa kwegazi kabili futhi athathe isilinganiso sezilinganiso ezimbili.

Umfutho wegazi kufanele uthathwe kukho konke ukuvakashelwa kwezingane ezi:

• Bakhuluphele
• Thatha umuthi ophakamisa umfutho wegazi
• Unesifo sezinso
• Yiba nezinkinga ngemithambo yegazi eholela enhliziyweni
• Unesifo sikashukela

Umhlinzeki uzolinganisa umfutho wegazi wengane yakho izikhathi eziningi ngaphambi kokuxilonga ingane yakho ngomfutho wegazi ophezulu.

Umhlinzeki uzobuza ngomlando womndeni, umlando wokulala kwengane yakho, izinto ezinobungozi, nokudla.

Umhlinzeki uzophinde enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukubheka izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo, ukulimala kwamehlo, nolunye ushintsho emzimbeni wengane yakho.

Ezinye izivivinyo umhlinzeki wengane yakho angafuna ukuzenza zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
• Ukuhlolwa kukashukela egazini
• I-Echocardiogram
• I-Ultrasound yezinso
• Isifundo sokulala ukuthola ukuphefumula kokulala

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme ukuze ingane yakho ibe nengozi engezansi yezinkinga. Umhlinzeki wengane yakho angakutshela ukuthi kufanele ibe yini imigomo yengcindezi yegazi yengane yakho.

Uma ingane yakho inyuse umfutho wegazi ophakeme, umhlinzeki wakho uzoncoma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ukusiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi wengane yakho.

Imikhuba enempilo ingasiza ingane yakho ukuthi ingaphinde izuze isisindo, yehlise isisindo esengeziwe, futhi yehlise umfutho wegazi. Ukusebenza ndawonye njengomndeni kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusiza ingane yakho ukuba yehlise isisindo. Sebenzani ndawonye ukusiza ingane yakho:

• Landela ukudla kwe-DASH, okunosawoti omningi onezithelo nemifino eningi, inyama engenamafutha, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, nobisi olunamafutha amancane noma olungenawo amafutha
• Nciphisa iziphuzo ezinoshukela nokudla okunoshukela ongeziwe
• Thola ukuzivocavoca imizuzu engama-30 kuye kwangama-60 nsuku zonke
• Nciphisa isikhathi sesikrini neminye imisebenzi yokuhlala phansi kube ngaphansi kwamahora ama-2 ngosuku
• Lala kakhulu

Umfutho wegazi wengane yakho uzohlolwa futhi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Uma ihlala iphakeme, umfutho wegazi uzohlolwa ezingalweni zengane yakho. Ngemuva kwalokho umfutho wegazi uzohlolwa ezinyangeni eziyi-12. Uma umfutho wegazi uhlala uphezulu, umhlinzeki angancoma ukuqapha kwengcindezi yegazi ngokuqhubekayo ngaphezu kwamahora angama-24 kuye kwangama-48. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuqapha umfutho wegazi ophuthumayo. Ingane yakho nayo ingadinga ukubona inhliziyo noma udokotela wezinso.

Olunye uvivinyo lungenziwa futhi ukufuna:

• Izinga le-cholesterol ephezulu
• Isifo sikashukela (ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C)
• Isifo senhliziyo, usebenzisa izivivinyo ezifana ne-echocardiogram noma i-electrocardiogram
• Isifo sezinso, usebenzisa izivivinyo ezifana nephaneli eyisisekelo ye-metabolic kanye ne-urinalysis noma i-ultrasound yezinso

Inqubo efanayo izokwenzeka ezinganeni ezinesigaba 1 noma isigaba 2 somfutho wegazi ophakeme. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kokulandelwa kanye nokudluliselwa kochwepheshe kuzokwenzeka emavikini awu-1 kuye kwangama-2 esigabeni 1 somfutho wegazi ophakeme, nangemuva kweviki elilodwa esigabeni sesi-2 somfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Uma ukuguquka kwendlela yokuphila kukodwa kungasebenzi, noma ingane yakho inezinye izinto eziyingozi, ingane yakho ingadinga imithi yomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Imithi yengcindezi yegazi esetshenziswa kakhulu ezinganeni ifaka phakathi:

• Ama-enzyme inhibitor aguqula i-Angiotensin
• Ama-Angiotensin receptor blockers
• Ama-beta blockers
• Ama-block block wesiteshi seCalcium
• Izidakamizwa

Umhlinzeki wengane yakho angancoma ukuthi ubheke umfutho wegazi wengane yakho ekhaya. Ukuqapha ekhaya kungasiza ukukhombisa uma ngabe izinguquko zendlela yokuphila noma imithi iyasebenza.

Isikhathi esiningi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ezinganeni ungalawulwa ngezinguquko zendlela yokuphila kanye nemithi, uma kudingeka.

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalashiwe ezinganeni ungaholela ezinkingeni lapho usumdala, okungafaka:

• Unhlangothi
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Isifo sezinso

Shayela umhlinzeki wengane yakho uma ukuqapha ekhaya kukhombisa ukuthi umfutho wegazi wengane yakho usaphakeme.

Umhlinzeki wengane yakho uzolinganisa umfutho wegazi wengane yakho okungenani kanye ngonyaka, eqala eneminyaka emithathu.

Ungasiza ukuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophakeme enganeni yakho ngokulandela izinguquko zokuphila ezenzelwe ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi.

Ukudluliselwa kwi-nephrologist yezingane kunganconyelwa izingane nentsha ene-hypertension.

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu - izingane; I-HBP - izingane; Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wezingane

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