Amaqiniso Ayishumi Ngomkhuhlane Okufanele Uwazi

-Delile

• 1. Inkathi yomkhuhlane iphakathi kuka-Okthoba noMeyi
• 2. Umkhuhlane uyathathelana ngaphambi kokuba kuqale izimpawu
• 3. Izimpawu zomkhuhlane zingaqala ngokungazelelwe
• 4. Kuthatha amasonto amabili ukuthi umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane usebenze
• 5. Udinga umuthi omusha wokugomela umkhuhlane njalo ngonyaka
• 6. Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane awubangeli umkhuhlane
• 7. Umkhuhlane ungadala izinkinga ezisongela impilo
• 8. Usengathola umkhuhlane ngemuva kokugoma
• 9. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi yokugomela umkhuhlane
• 10. Abantu abanenkinga yokungezwani namaqanda basengathola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane
• Ukuthatha

Umkhuhlane yisifo esithathelwanayo sokuphefumula esingadala izimpawu ezibandakanya umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ukugodola, ubuhlungu bomzimba nokukhathala. Isikhathi somkhuhlane sihlasela minyaka yonke, futhi igciwane lingasakazeka ngokushesha ezikoleni nasezindaweni zokusebenza.

Abanye abantu abathola umkhuhlane bayalulama ngaphandle kwezinkinga cishe kusonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili. Kepha umkhuhlane ungaba yingozi ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu abaneminyaka engama-65 kuya phezulu. Ezinye izinkinga ezihlobene nomkhuhlane nazo zisongela impilo.

Kubalulekile ukuzihlomisa ngolwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngale ndlela, uyazi ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani kangcono.

Ngenkathi abantu abaningi bethola umkhuhlane okungenani kanye empilweni yabo, ungahle ungazi konke ngalokhu kugula. Nawa amaqiniso ayi-10 ngomkhuhlane okufanele wazi.

1. Inkathi yomkhuhlane iphakathi kuka-Okthoba noMeyi

Uma ucabanga ngegciwane lomkhuhlane, ungacabanga ukuthi ligadla ebusika kuphela. Yize kuyiqiniso ukuthi inkathi yomkhuhlane ingadlondlobala ebusika, ungawuthola umkhuhlane ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, futhi.

Abanye abantu bathola umkhuhlane wonyaka ngo-Okthoba, kanti izifo ziqhubeka ngoMeyi.

2. Umkhuhlane uyathathelana ngaphambi kokuba kuqale izimpawu

Umkhuhlane utheleleka kakhulu ngokwengxenye ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi udlulise igciwane ngaphambi kokuba ugule. Ngokuya nge, ungathelela umuntu ngaleli gciwane usuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zakho ziqale.

Usuleleka kakhulu ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezine zokuqala kokugula, noma ungahlala uthathelana kuze kube yizinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ngemuva kokugula.

Kubalulekile ukugwema ukuxhumana okuseduze nabanye ukuvimbela ukudlulisela ukugula komunye umuntu.

3. Izimpawu zomkhuhlane zingaqala ngokungazelelwe

Ukuqala kwezimpawu zomkhuhlane kungenzeka ngokushesha. Ungazizwa uphilile ngolunye usuku, futhi ungakwazi ukwenza lutho usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili kamuva ngenxa yezimpawu zakho.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuqala kwezimpawu kwenzeka kusasele usuku olulodwa ngemuva kokuvezwa. Kwezinye izimo, abanye abantu abazibonisi izimpawu kuze kube yizinsuku ezine ngemuva kokuchayeka kuleligciwane.

4. Kuthatha amasonto amabili ukuthi umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane usebenze

Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ngezikhathi ezithile kungenye yezindlela ezingcono zokuzivikela egciwaneni lomkhuhlane.

Kepha kubalulekile ukuthi uthole isibhamu sakho ekuqaleni kwesizini. Umkhuhlane uyasebenza ngoba usiza umzimba wakho ukuba wakhe amasosha omzimba ukuze uzivikele egciwaneni.Kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili ukuthi la ma-antibody akhule, noma kunjalo.

Uma uvezwa yigciwane kungakapheli amasonto amabili uthole umuthi wokugoma, usengagula. Izincoma ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.

5. Udinga umuthi omusha wokugomela umkhuhlane njalo ngonyaka

Amagciwane omkhuhlane avelele ajikeleza kule sizini azohluka kunamagciwane angonyaka ozayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igciwane liba nezinguquko unyaka nonyaka. Ngakho-ke, uzodinga umuthi wokugoma omusha njalo ngonyaka ukuze uzivikele.

6. Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane awubangeli umkhuhlane

Okunye okungaqondakali ukuthi umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ubangela umkhuhlane. Okunye ukuhlukahluka komkhuhlane kufaka phakathi uhlobo olubuthakathaka kakhulu lwegciwane lomkhuhlane. Akubangeli ukutheleleka kwangempela, kepha kuvumela umzimba wakho ukuba wakhe amasosha omzimba adingekayo. Okunye ukuhluka komkhuhlane kuhlanganisa kuphela igciwane elifile, noma elingasebenzi.

Abanye abantu baba nezimpawu ezinjengemikhuhlane ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma. Lokhu kungafaka imfiva esezingeni eliphansi kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba. Kodwa lo akuwona umkhuhlane futhi lezi zimpawu zihlala kuphela usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Ungase futhi uhlangabezane nokunye ukusabela okuncane ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane. Lokhu kufaka ukukhathazeka okuncane, ubomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova.

7. Umkhuhlane ungadala izinkinga ezisongela impilo

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ubaluleke kakhulu uma usengozini yezinkinga ezihlobene nomkhuhlane. Izinkinga zingenzeka kakhulu emaqenjini athile, njenge:

• abantu okungenani abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala
• izingane ezincane, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili
• abesifazane abakhulelwe nabesifazane abangafika emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokubeletha
• abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• abantu abanezimo ezingalapheki
• Abomdabu baseMelika (AmaNdiya aseMelika kanye nabomdabu base-Alaska)
• abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile, noma inkomba yomzimba (BMI) okungenani engama-40

Kodwa-ke, noma ngubani angaba nezinkinga ezinzima.

Igciwane lomkhuhlane nalo lingadala ukutheleleka kwesibili. Ezinye izifo zincane, njengokutheleleka kwendlebe noma ukutheleleka kwesono.

Izinkinga ezinkulu zingabandakanya amabhaktheriya i-pneumonia ne-sepsis. Igciwane lomkhuhlane lingaphinde libhebhethekise izimo ezingalapheki njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ukuminyana, i-asthma, nesifo sikashukela, futhi kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.

8. Usengathola umkhuhlane ngemuva kokugoma

Khumbula ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uthole umkhuhlane ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma. Lokhu kungenzeka uma ungenwa yigciwane ngaphambi kokuba umuthi wokugoma wakho usebenze, noma uma umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane unganikezi ukwanela okwanele ngokumelene negciwane elisabalalayo.

Ngokwengeziwe, ungagula uma uhlangana nohlobo lwegciwane olwehlukile kulolo ogonywe kulo. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wehlisa ubungozi bokugula phakathi.

9. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi yokugomela umkhuhlane

I-CDC njengamanje incoma umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ojojowe noma umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane we-intranasal ophilayo.

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane awulingani ngosayizi owodwa. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi yokugoma etholakalayo.

Uhlobo olulodwa umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane olandelanayo. Ivikela kuma-virus omkhuhlane amathathu: igciwane lomkhuhlane A (H1N1), igciwane lomkhuhlane A (H3N2), kanye ne-influenza B virus.

Olunye uhlobo lomuthi wokugoma lwaziwa njenge-quadrivalent. Kuvikela amagciwane omkhuhlane amane (womabili umkhuhlane A amagciwane kanye womabili umkhuhlane B amagciwane). Ezinye izinhlobo zomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane onezinhlamvu ezine uvunywa kuwo wonke amaqembu eminyaka, kufaka phakathi izingane okungenani ezinezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe.

Ezinye izinhlobo zivunyelwe kuphela kubantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-18 no-64, noma abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi okulungele wena ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho nempilo yakho.

10. Abantu abanenkinga yokungezwani namaqanda basengathola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane

Kunenkolelo yokuthi awukwazi ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uma uxabana namaqanda. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi eminye imigomo iqukethe iprotheni esuselwa eqandeni, kodwa usengakwazi ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane. Uzodinga nje ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokudubula.

Udokotela wakho angakuphathisa umuthi wokugoma ongenawo amaqanda, noma abe nodokotela ogxile ekulweni nokwaliwa yizifo okulawula umuthi wokugoma ukuze bakwazi ukwelapha noma ikuphi ukuphendula okungaba khona.

Ukuthatha

Umkhuhlane ungasuka kokuncane kuya kokukhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu kusenesikhathi bese uqala ukwelashwa ukugwema izinkinga. Lapho uqonda ngokwengeziwe ngegciwane, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuzivikela wena nomndeni wakho.