Umlobi: William Ramirez
Usuku Lokudalwa: 20 Usepthemba 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 1 Ujulayi 2024
Anonim
Vitamin B7 Biotin Deficiency | Sources, Purposes, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Ividiyo: Vitamin B7 Biotin Deficiency | Sources, Purposes, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

-Delile

I-Biotin iyi-vitamin. Ukudla okufana namaqanda, ubisi, noma ubhanana kuqukethe inani elincane le-biotin.

I-Biotin isetshenziselwa ukushoda kwe-biotin. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukulahleka kwezinwele, izipikili ezinamahloni, nezinye izimo, kepha abukho ubufakazi obuhle besayensi obusekela lokhu kusetshenziswa.

Imibhalo Yemvelo Yemininingwane Ephelele ukukala ukusebenza ngokuncike ebufakazini besayensi ngokwesilinganiso esilandelayo: Okusebenzayo, Okungenzeka Kusebenze, Okungenzeka Kusebenze, Okungenzeka Kungasebenzi, Cishe Okungaphumeleli, Ukungasebenzi, Nobufakazi Obunganele Bokulinganisa.

Izilinganiso zokusebenza ze I-BIOTIN zimi kanje:

Cishe iyasebenza ...

  • Ukushoda kwe-Biotin. Ukuthatha i-biotin kungasiza ekwelapheni amazinga aphansi egazi e-biotin. Kungavimbela futhi amazinga egazi e-biotin ekubeni phansi kakhulu. Amazinga egazi aphansi e-biotin angadala ukuncipha kwezinwele nokuqubuka nxazonke zamehlo, impumulo, nomlomo. Ezinye izimpawu zifaka ukudangala, ukungabi nentshisekelo, ukubona izinto ezingekho, nokuthinteka ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Amazinga aphansi e-biotin angenzeka kubantu abakhulelwe, abaye bathola ukondla isikhathi eside ngamashubhu, abangondlekile kahle, abathola isisindo esisheshayo ngokushesha, noma abanesimo esithile esizuzwe njengefa. Ukubhema ugwayi nakho kungadala amazinga aphansi egazi e-biotin.

Kungenzeka kungasebenzi ku ...

  • I-Multiple sclerosis (MS). I-high-dose biotin ayinciphisi ukukhubazeka kubantu abane-MS. Futhi kubonakala ngathi ayithinti ingozi yokubuyela emuva.
  • Isikhumba esibuhlungu, esinesikhumba ekhanda nasebusweni (seborrheic dermatitis). Ukuthatha i-biotin akubonakali kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuqubuka ezinganeni.

Ubufakazi obanele bokukala ukusebenza kwe ...

  • Isimo esizuzwe njengefa esithinta ubuchopho nezinye izingxenye zesistimu yezinzwa (i-biotin-thiamine-response-basal ganglia disease). Abantu abanalesi simo bahlangabezana neziqephu zokushintsha kwesimo sengqondo nezinkinga zemisipha. Ucwaningo lwakuqala lukhombisa ukuthi ukuthatha i-biotin ne-thiamine akuzinciphisi izimpawu ngaphezu kokuthatha i-thiamine kuphela. Kepha inhlanganisela inganciphisa ukuthi iziqephu zihlala isikhathi esingakanani.
  • Izipikili eziphukile. Ucwaningo lwakuqala luphakamisa ukuthi ukuthatha i-biotin ngomlomo kuze kube unyaka kungakhulisa ukushuba kwezinzipho nezinzwani kubantu abanezinzipho ezinamabriki.
  • Isifo sikashukela. Ucwaningo olunomkhawulo lukhombisa ukuthi ukuthatha i-biotin akuthuthukisi amazinga kashukela egazini kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.
  • Amajaqamba emisipha. Abantu abathola i-dialysis bavame ukuba namajaqamba emisipha. Ucwaningo lwakuqala lukhombisa ukuthi ukuthatha i-biotin ngomlomo kunganciphisa amajaqamba emisipha kulaba bantu.
  • Isifo sikaLou Gehrig (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis noma i-ALS).
  • Ukucindezeleka.
  • Ubuhlungu bemizwa kubantu abanesifo sikashukela (isifo sikashukela sesifo sikashukela).
  • Ukulahleka kwezinwele okuchaphazelayo (alopecia areata).
  • Ezinye izimo.
Kudingeka ubufakazi obuningi ukukala i-biotin yalokhu kusetshenziswa.

I-Biotin yingxenye ebalulekile yama-enzyme emzimbeni adiliza izinto ezithile njengamafutha, ama-carbohydrate, nokunye.

Akukho ukuhlolwa okuhle kwelabhoratri ukuthola amazinga aphansi e-biotin, ngakho-ke lesi simo sivame ukukhonjwa yizimpawu zaso, ezibandakanya ukuncipha kwezinwele (njalo ngokulahleka kombala wezinwele) nokuqubuka okubomvu kwe-scaly nxazonke zamehlo, impumulo, nomlomo . Ezinye izimpawu zihlanganisa ukucindezeleka, ukukhathala, ukubona izinto ezingekho, nokuthinteka kwezingalo nemilenze. Kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi isifo sikashukela singadala amazinga aphansi e-biotin.

Lapho ithathwa ngomlomo: Biotin kuyinto CISHE UVIKILE kubantu abaningi lapho bethathwe ngomlomo ngokufanele. Kubekezeleleka kahle lapho kusetshenziswa imithamo enconyiwe.

Lapho isetshenziswa esikhunjeni: Biotin kuyinto CISHE UVIKILE kubantu abaningi lapho besetshenziswa esikhunjeni njengemikhiqizo yezimonyo equkethe kuze kufike ku-0.6% biotin.

Lapho unikezwa njengesibhamu: Biotin kuyinto OKUNGENZEKA UKUPHEPHA lapho unikezwa njengesibhamu emisipheni.

Ukuqapha okukhethekile nezixwayiso:

Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa ibele: Biotin kuyinto CISHE UVIKILE lapho isetshenziswa ngamanani anconywayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa.

Izingane: Biotin kuyinto CISHE UVIKILE lapho ithathwa ngomlomo nangokufanele.

Isimo esizuzwe njengefa lapho umzimba ungakwazi ukucubungula i-biotin (ukuntuleka kwe-biotinidase): Abantu abanalesi simo bangadinga i-biotin eyengeziwe.

I-dialysis yezinso: Abantu abathola i-dialysis yezinso bangadinga i-biotin eyengeziwe. Buza kumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ukubhema: Abantu ababhemayo bangaba namazinga aphansi e-biotin futhi bangadinga isengezo se-biotin.

Ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri: Ukuthatha izithako ze-biotin kungaphazamisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa okuningi kwebhu yegazi. I-Biotin ingadala imiphumela yokuhlola ephakeme kakhulu noma ephansi ngamanga. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlolweni okuphuthelwe noma okungalungile. Tshela udokotela wakho uma uthatha izithasiselo ze-biotin, ikakhulukazi uma kwenziwa izivivinyo zebhu njengoba kungadingeka ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha i-biotin ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi. Amavithamini amaningi aqukethe amanani aphansi we-biotin, okungenzeki ukuthi aphazamise ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kepha khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uqiniseke.

Akwaziwa ukuthi lo mkhiqizo uyaxhumana yini nemithi ethile.

Ngaphambi kokuthatha lo mkhiqizo, khuluma nodokotela wakho wezempilo uma usebenzisa noma imiphi imithi.
I-alpha-lipoic acid
I-Alpha-lipoic acid ne-biotin ethathwe ndawonye kunganciphisa ukumuncwa komzimba komunye.
Uvithamini B5 (i-pantothenic acid)
I-Biotin ne-vitamin B5 ethathwe ndawonye kunganciphisa ukumuncwa komzimba kokunye.
Abamhlophe bamaqanda
Iqanda elimhlophe eliluhlaza lingabopha i-biotin emathunjini futhi ligcine lingangeni. Ukudla amaqanda amaqanda ama-2 noma ngaphezulu angaphekiwe nsuku zonke izinyanga ezimbalwa kudale ukuntuleka kwe-biotin okubucayi ngokwanele ukuveza izimpawu.
Imithamo elandelayo ifundwe ocwaningweni lwesayensi:

ABADALA

NGOMLOMO:
  • Jikelele: Asikho isabelo esinconywayo sokudla (i-RDA) esisungulelwe i-biotin. Ukufakwa okwanele (i-AI) kwe-biotin kungama-mcg angama-30 kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 nabesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye nama-mcg angama-35 kwabesifazane abancelisa ibele.
  • Ukushoda kwe-BiotinKusetshenziswe kuze kufike ku-10 mg nsuku zonke.
IZINGANE

NGOMLOMO:
  • Jikelele: Asikho isabelo esinconywayo sokudla (i-RDA) esisungulelwe i-biotin. Ukufakwa okwanele (i-AI) kwe-biotin kungu-7 mcg wezinsana izinyanga eziyi-0-12, i-8 mcg yezingane iminyaka engu-1-3, i-12 mcg yezingane iminyaka engu-4-8, i-20 mcg yezingane ezineminyaka eyi-9-13, ne-25 mcg yezintsha 14-18 iminyaka.
  • Ukushoda kwe-BiotinKusetshenziswe kuze kufike ku-10 mg nsuku zonke ezinganeni.
Biotina, Biotine, Biotine-D, Coenzyme R, D-Biotin, Vitamin B7, Vitamin H, Vitamine B7, Vitamine H, W Factor, Cis-hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno [3,4-d] -imidazole -4-i-valeric Acid.

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngokuthi le ndatshana ibhalwe kanjani, sicela ubheke ifayela le- Imibhalo Yemvelo Yemininingwane Ephelele indlela.


  1. UCree BAC, umsiki G, uWolinsky JS, et al. Ukuphepha nokusebenza kwe-MD1003 (i-high-dose biotin) ezigulini ezine-multiple sclerosis (SPI2) eqhubekayo: ukulawulwa okungahleliwe, okuyimpumputhe, okulawulwa nge-placebo, isigaba 3. ILancet Neurol. 2020.
  2. U-Li D, uFerguson A, uCervinski MA, uLynch KL, uKyle PB. Umbhalo Wesiqondiso we-AACC ngokungenelela kwe-Biotin ekuhlolweni kwelabhorethri. UJ Appl Lab Med. 2020; 5: 575-587. Buka okungaqondakali.
  3. I-Kodani M, Poe A, Drobeniuc J, Mixson-Hayden T. Ukunqunywa kokuphazamiseka okungenzeka kwe-biotin ngokunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-serologic yezimpawu ezahlukahlukene ze-hepatitis marker. UJ Med Virol. Buka okungaqondakali.
  4. UBranger P, uParienti JJ, uDerache N, uKassis N, u-Assouad R, uMaillart E, uDefer G. Ukubuyela emuva ngesikhathi se-High-Dose Biotin Treatment ku-Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: I-Case-Crossover ne-Propensity Score-Adjusted Cohort Prospential Cohort. Izidakamizwa ze-Neurotherapeutics. 2020. Buka okungaqondakali.
  5. UTourbah A, uLebrun-Frenay C, u-Edan G, et al. I-MD1003 (High-Dose Biotin) Yokwelashwa Kwe-Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Isifundo Esilawulwa Ngokungahleliwe, Esiphofu kabili, Esilawulwa Nge-Placebo. I-Mult Scler. 2016; 22: 1719-1731. Buka okungaqondakali.
  6. UJuntas-Morales R, uPageot N, uBendarraz A, et al. I-high-dose pharmaceutical grade biotin (MD1003) ku-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Isifundo somshayeli. Imithi ye-EClinical. 2020; 19: 100254. Buka okungaqondakali.
  7. UDemas A, Cochin JP, Hardy C, Vaschalde Y, Bourre B, Labauge P. Tardive Reactivation of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Ngesikhathi Sokwelapha ngeBiotin. I-Neurol Ther. 2019; 9: 181-185. Buka okungaqondakali.
  8. UCouloume L, uBarbin L, uLeray E, et al. I-high-dose biotin ku-multiple sclerosis eqhubekayo: Ucwaningo olulindelekile lweziguli eziyi-178 emikhubeni ejwayelekile yomtholampilo. I-Mult Scler. 2019: 1352458519894713. Buka okungaqondakali.
  9. I-Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 - AmaCobas. IRoche Diagnostics GmbH. Itholakala ku: https://www.fda.gov/media/137605/download.
  10. I-Trambas CM, iSikaris KA, uLu ZX. Isexwayiso maqondana nokwelashwa kwamanani aphezulu we-biotin: ukungazi kahle i-hyperthyroidism ezigulini ze-euthyroid. UMed J Aust. 2016; 205: 192. Buka okungaqondakali.
  11. USedel F, uPapeix C, uBellanger A, uTouitou V, uLebrun-Frenay C, uGalanaud D, et al. Izilinganiso eziphezulu ze-biotin ku-multiple sclerosis eqhubekayo engapheli: isifundo somshayeli. 2015; 4: 159-69. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.msard.2015.01.005.Buka okungaqondakali.
  12. UTabarki B, Alfadhel M, AlShahwan S, Hundallah K, AlShafi S, AlHashem A. Ukwelashwa kwesifo se-basot ganglia esiphendula i-biotin: isifundo esivulekile sokuqhathanisa phakathi kwenhlanganisela ye-biotin kanye ne-thiamine ne-thiamine kuphela. I-Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2015; 19: 547-52. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.ejpn.2015.05.008. Buka okungaqondakali.
  13. I-FDA Ixwayisa ngokuthi i-Biotin May Ingaphazamise Ukuhlolwa KweLab: Ukuxhumana Kwezokuphepha kwe-FDA. https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/AlertsandNotices/ucm586505.htm. Kubuyekezwe uNovemba 28, 2017. Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 28, 2017.
  14. IBiscolla RPM, Chiamolera MI, Kanashiro I, Maciel RMB, Vieira JGH. I-Single 10? Mg Oral Dose ye-Biotin Interferes enezivivinyo ze-Thyroid Function. Indlala yegilo 2017; 27: 1099-1100. Buka okungaqondakali.
  15. UPiketty ML, uPrie D, uSedel F, et al. Ukwelashwa kwe-biotin ephezulu kakhulu okuholela kumaphrofayli we-endocrine wamanga we-biochemical: ukuqinisekiswa kwendlela elula yokunqoba ukuphazanyiswa kwe-biotin. Umtholampilo Chem Lab Med 2017; 55: 817-25. Buka okungaqondakali.
  16. I-Trambas CM, iSikaris KA, uLu ZX. Okuningi ku-Biotin Treatment Mimicking Graves ’Disease. UN Engl J Med 2016; 375: 1698. Buka okungaqondakali.
  17. U-Elston MS, Sehgal S, uDu Toit S, uYarndley T, uConaglen JV. Isifo se-Factitious Graves 'ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-biotin immunoassay-icala nokubuyekezwa kwemibhalo. UJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101: 3251-5. Buka okungaqondakali.
  18. UKummer S, uHermsen D, ukwelashwa kukaDistelmaier F. Biotin olingisa isifo samathuna. UN Engl J Med 2016; 375: 704-6. Buka okungaqondakali.
  19. I-Barbesino G. Misdiagnosis yesifo se-Graves nge-hyperthyroidism ebonakalayo ebucayi esigulini esithatha i-biotin megadoses. Indlala yegilo 2016; 26: 860-3. Buka okungaqondakali.
  20. Sulaiman RA. Ukwelashwa kwe-Biotin okubangela imiphumela ye-immunoassay eyiphutha: Isexwayiso sabezempilo. Izidakamizwa I-Discov Ther 2016; 10: 338-9. Buka okungaqondakali.
  21. UBülow Pedersen I, uLaurberg P. Biochemical Hyperthyroidism enganeni esanda kuzalwa ebangelwa yi-Assay Interaction evela kwi-Biotin Intake. I-Eur Indlala J 2016; 5: 212-15. Buka okungaqondakali.
  22. UMinkovsky A, uLee MN, uDowlatshahi M, et al. Ukwelashwa kwe-biotin ephezulu yesifo se-multiple sclerosis eqhubekayo kungaphazamisa ukuhlolwa kwe-thyroid. I-AACE Case Case 2016; 2: e370-e373. Buka okungaqondakali.
  23. Oguma S, Ando I, Hirose T, et al. I-Biotin ithuthukisa amajaqamba emisipha yeziguli ze-hemodialysis: okungahle kube yisivivinyo. UTohoku J Exp Med 2012; 227: 217-23. Buka okungaqondakali.
  24. I-Waghray A, i-Milas M, i-Nyalakonda K, i-Siperstein AE. I-hormone ephansi ye-parathyroid eseceleni kokuphazamiseka kwe-biotin: uchungechunge lwamacala. Ukusebenza kwe-Endocr 2013; 19: 451-5. Buka okungaqondakali.
  25. UKwok JS, uKhan IH, uKhan MH. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Biotin ku-TSH nokulinganisa kwamahomoni we-thyroid wamahhala. Izifo. 2012; 44: 278-80. Buka okungaqondakali.
  26. UVadlapudi AD, uVadlapatla RK, uMitra AK. I-sodium multivitamin transporter (SMVT) ethempelini: okungaqondiswa ekulethweni kwezidakamizwa. Ukuqondiswa Kwezidakamizwa ze-Curr 2012; 13: 994-1003. Buka okungaqondakali.
  27. IPacheco-Alvarez D, iSolórzano-Vargas RS, iDel Río AL. I-Biotin ku-Metabolism kanye nobuhlobo bayo nezifo zabantu. I-Arch Med Res 2002; 33: 439-47. Buka okungaqondakali.
  28. Sydenstricker, V. P., Singal, S. A., Briggs, A. P., Devaughn, N. M., no-Isbell, H. Ukubhekwa "kokulimala kwamaqanda amhlophe" kumuntu kanye nokwelashwa kwawo nge-biotin concentrate. UJ Am Med Assn 1942;: 199-200.
  29. Ozand, PT, Gascon, GG, Al Essa, M., Joshi, S., Al Jishi, E., Bakheet, S., Al Watban, J., Al Kawi, MZ, noDabbagh, O. I-Biotin-bassal basal isifo se-ganglia: inhlangano yenoveli. Ubuchopho 1998; 121 (Pt 7): 1267-1279. Buka okungaqondakali.
  30. UWallace, J. C., Jitrapakdee, S., noChapman-Smith, A. Pyruvate carboxylase. I-Int J Biochem.Cell Biol. 1998; 30: 1-5. Buka okungaqondakali.
  31. UZempleni, J., Green, G. M., Spannagel, A. W., noMock, D. M. Ukukhishwa kwe-biliary ye-biotin ne-biotin metabolites kuncane kakhulu kumagundane nasezingulubeni. J Umsoco. 1997; 127: 1496-1500. Buka okungaqondakali.
  32. UZempleni, J., McCormick, D. B., noMock, D. M. Ukukhonjwa kwe-biotin sulfone, bisnorbiotin methyl ketone, kanye ne-tetranorbiotin-l-sulfoxide emchameni womuntu. NginguJ. J Clin. Nutr. 1997; 65: 508-511. Buka okungaqondakali.
  33. van der Knaap, M. S., Jakobs, C., noValk, J. Imagnetic resonance imaging ku-lactic acidosis. J Ifa. I-Metab Dis. 1996; 19: 535-547. Buka okungaqondakali.
  34. Shriver, B. J., Roman-Shriver, C., no-Allred, J. B. Ukwehla nokugcwaliswa kwama-enzyme e-biotinyl esibindini samagundane angenayo i-biotin: ubufakazi besistimu yokugcina i-biotin. J Umsoco. 1993; 123: 1140-1149.Buka okungaqondakali.
  35. UMcMurray, D. N. Ukuvikelwa kwamaseli ngokushoda kokudla. Ukudla okunomsoco wezesayensi. 1984; 8 (3-4): 193-228. Buka okungaqondakali.
  36. U-Ammann, A. J. Ukuqonda okusha ngezimbangela zokuphazamiseka komzimba. J Am. I-Acad.I-dermatol. 1984; 11 (4 Pt 1): 653-660. Buka okungaqondakali.
  37. UPetrelli, F., Moretti, P., noPaparelli, M. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamaseli we-biotin-14COOH esibindini segundane. Mol.Ibhili. 2-15-1979; 4: 247-252. Buka okungaqondakali.
  38. UZlotkin, S.H, Stallings, V. A., noPencharz, P. B. Ingqikithi yokudla kwabazali ezinganeni. I-Pediatr.Clin.North Am. 1985; 32: 381-400. Buka okungaqondakali.
  39. UBowman, B. B., Selhub, J., noRosenberg, I. H. Ukumunca amathumbu emathunjini e-rat. J Umsoco. 1986; 116: 1266-1271. Buka okungaqondakali.
  40. UMagnuson, N. S. noPerryman, L. E. Amaphutha we-Metabolic ekuqineni kwe-immunodeficiency eqinile kumuntu nasezilwaneni. I-Comp Biochem. UPhysol B 1986; 83: 701-710. Buka okungaqondakali.
  41. Nyhan, W. L. Amaphutha azelwe we-biotin metabolism. I-Arch.I-dermatol. 1987; 123: 1696-1698a. Buka okungaqondakali.
  42. USweetman, uL. NoNyhan, W. L. Ukuphazamiseka okwelaphekayo kwe-biotin kanye nezimo ezihambisanayo. UMnu. Ann. 1986; 6: 317-343. Buka okungaqondakali.
  43. Brenner, S. noHorwitz, C. Abalamuli abangaba khona bomsoco ku-psoriasis nase-seborrheic dermatitis. II. Abalamuli abanomsoco: ama-fatty acids abalulekile; amavithamini A, E no-D; amavithamini B1, B2, B6, niacin kanye ne-biotin; uvithamini C selenium; zinc; insimbi. Umhlaba uMfu uNutr. Ukudla. 1988; 55: 165-182. Buka okungaqondakali.
  44. Miller, S. J. Ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco nesikhumba. J Am. I-Acad.I-dermatol. 1989; 21: 1-30. Buka okungaqondakali.
  45. UMichalski, A. J., Berry, G.T, noSegal, S. Holocarboxylase synthetase ukuntula: ukulandelwa kweminyaka engu-9 kwesiguli ekwelashweni okungamahlalakhona kwe-biotin kanye nokubuyekezwa kwezincwadi. J Ifa. I-Metab Dis. 1989; 12: 312-316. Buka okungaqondakali.
  46. UColombo, V. E., Gerber, F., Bronhofer, M., noFloersheim, G. L. Ukwelashwa kwezinzipho eziphukile kanye ne-onychoschizia nge-biotin: ukuskena i-electron microscopy. J Am. I-Acad.I-dermatol. 1990; 23 (6 Pt 1): 1127-1132. Buka okungaqondakali.
  47. UDaniells, S. noHardy, G. Ukulahleka kwezinwele kukondla kwabazali besikhathi eside noma kwasekhaya: ingabe kusolwa ukusilela kwamakhemikhali? Curr.Opin.Clin.Nutr.Metab Ukunakekelwa 2010; 13: 690-697. Buka okungaqondakali.
  48. Izimpisi, B. Izinkinga zokwelashwa kanye nemibuzo ejwayelekile mayelana nokushoda kwe-biotinidase. Mol.Genet.Metab 2010; 100: 6-13. Buka okungaqondakali.
  49. UZempleni, J., Hassan, Y. I., noWijeratne, S. S. Biotin kanye nokushoda kwe-biotinidase. Isazi. Rev.Endocrinol.Metab 11-1-2008; 3: 715-724. Buka okungaqondakali.
  50. I-Tsao, C. Y. Izitayela zamanje zokwelashwa kwama-spasms wezinsana. Ukwelashwa kwe-Neuropsychiatr. U-2009; 5: 289-299. Buka okungaqondakali.
  51. USedel, F., Lyon-Caen, O., noSaudubray, J. M. [Izifo ezingelapheki ze-neuro-metabolic]. UMfu Neurol. (Paris) 2007; 163: 884-896. Buka okungaqondakali.
  52. Sydenstricker, V. P., Singal, S. A., Briggs, A. P., Devaughn, N. M., no-Isbell, H. IZIBONELELO ZOKUQALA KU-"EGG WHITE WHITE" EMUNTWINI NOKULAPHA KWAYO NE-BIOTIN CONCENTRATE. Isayensi 2-13-1942; 95: 176-177. Buka okungaqondakali.
  53. UScheinfeld, N., Dahdah, M. J., noSher, R. Amavithamini namaminerali: indima yabo kwezempilo yezipikili nezifo. J Izidakamizwa Dermatol. 2007; 6: 782-787. Buka okungaqondakali.
  54. Spector, R. noJohanson, C. E. Vitamin ezokuthutha kanye ne-homeostasis ebuchosheni bamammalia: gxila kuVithamini B no-E J Neurochem. 2007; 103: 425-438. Buka okungaqondakali.
  55. Mbumbulu, D. M. Ukubonakaliswa kwesikhumba kokushoda kwe-biotin. Isemina.Dermatol. 1991; 10: 296-302. Buka okungaqondakali.
  56. UBolander, F. F. Amavithamini: hhayi ama-enzyme kuphela. I-Curr.Opin.Investig.Izidakamizwa 2006; 7: 912-915. Buka okungaqondakali.
  57. UPrasad, A. N. noSeshia, S. S. Isimo sesifo sokuwa ekusebenzeni kwezingane: izingane ezisencane. Ummeli uNeurol. 2006; 97: 229-243. Buka okungaqondakali.
  58. UWilson, CJ, Myer, M., Darlow, BA, Stanley, T., Thomson, G., Baumgartner, ER, Kirby, DM, noThorburn, i-DR Severe holocarboxylase synthetase entekenteke ngokuphendula okungaphelele kwe-biotin okuholela ekuthukweni kokubeletha kuma-neonates aseSamoa . J Pediatr. 2005; 147: 115-118. Buka okungaqondakali.
  59. Mock, D. M. Marginal biotin defence is teratogenic in amagundane futhi mhlawumbe ngabantu: ukubuyekezwa kokushoda kwe-biotin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa komuntu kanye nemiphumela yokushoda kwe-biotin ekubonakalisweni kofuzo nemisebenzi ye-enzyme edamini legundane nombungu. J Amakhemikhali. 2005; 16: 435-437. Buka okungaqondakali.
  60. UFernandez-Mejia, C. Imiphumela yezemithi ye-biotin. J Amakhemikhali. 2005; 16: 424-427. Buka okungaqondakali.
  61. UDakshinamurti, K. Biotin - umlawuli wezinhlobo zofuzo. J Amakhemikhali. 2005; 16: 419-423. Buka okungaqondakali.
  62. Zeng, WQ, Al Yamani, E., Acierno, JS, Jr., Slaugenhaupt, S., Gillis, T., MacDonald, ME, Ozand, PT, noGusella, JF Biotin-responding basal ganglia maps maps to 2q36.3. futhi kungenxa yezinguquko ku-SLC19A3. NginguJ. J Hum. 2005; 77: 16-26. Buka okungaqondakali.
  63. I-Baumgartner, M. R. Indlela yamangqamuzana enkulumo evelele ekushodeni kwe-3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase. J Ifa. I-Metab Dis. 2005; 28: 301-309. Buka okungaqondakali.
  64. UPacheco-Alvarez, D., Solorzano-Vargas, RS, Gravel, RA, Cervantes-Roldan, R., Velazquez, A., noLeon-Del-Rio, A. Ukulawulwa okuphikisanayo kokusetshenziswa kwe-biotin ebuchosheni nasesibindi nemithelela ukuswela okuningi kwe-carboxylase. UJ Biol Chem. 12-10-2004; 279: 52312-52318. Buka okungaqondakali.
  65. ISnodgrass, S. R. Vitamin neurotoxicity. UMol. Neurobiol. 1992; 6: 41-73. Buka okungaqondakali.
  66. ICampistol, J. [Ukudlikizela kanye nesifo sokuwa sesana olusanda kuzalwa. Izinhlobo zokwethula, zokufunda kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa]. UMfu Neurol. 10-1-2000; 31: 624-631. Buka okungaqondakali.
  67. UNarisawa, K. [Isisekelo samangqamuzana amaphutha azalwa novithamini aphendula ngokuzalwa]. UNippon Rinsho 1999; 57: 2301-2306. Buka okungaqondakali.
  68. UFurukawa, Y. [Ukwenza ngcono uketshezi lwe-insulin olwenziwe nge-glucose nokuguqulwa kwe-glucose metabolism yi-biotin]. UNippon Rinsho 1999; 57: 2261-2269. Buka okungaqondakali.
  69. UZempleni, J. noMock, D. M. Ukuhlaziywa okuthuthukile kwama-biotin metabolites kuketshezi lomzimba kuvumela ukukala okunembe kakhudlwana kwe-biotin bioavailability kanye ne-metabolism kubantu. J Umsoco. 1999; 129 (2S Suppl): 494S-497S. Buka okungaqondakali.
  70. Hymes, J. and Wolf, B. Human biotinidase akuyona nje eyokuphinda isebenze kabusha i-biotin. J Umsoco. 1999; 129 (2S Suppl): 485S-489S. Buka okungaqondakali.
  71. UZempleni J, u-Mock DM. I-biotin biochemistry nezidingo zabantu. J Amakhemikhali Amakhemikhali. 1999 uMar; 10: 128-38. Buka okungaqondakali.
  72. U-Eakin RE, uSnell EE, noWilliam RJ. Ukugxila kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-avidin, izinto ezikhiqiza ukulimala kumhlophe weqanda eliluhlaza. UJ Biol Chem. Ngo-1941;: 535-43.
  73. USpencer RP noBrody KR. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Biotin ngamathumbu amancane egundane, i-hamster, nezinye izinhlobo. NginguJ J Physiol. 1964 Mar; 206: 653-7. Buka okungaqondakali.
  74. UZempleni J, Wijeratne SS, Hassan YI. I-Biotin. Ama-Biofactors. 2009 uJan-Feb; 35: 36-46. Buka okungaqondakali.
  75. IGreen NM. U-Avidin. 1. Ukusetshenziswa kwe (14-C) biotin kwizifundo ze-kinetic kanye ne-assay. I-Biochem. UJ. 1963; 89: 585-591. Buka okungaqondakali.
  76. URodriguez-Melendez R, uGriffin JB, uZempleni J. Biotin ukwengezelela kwandisa ukubonakaliswa kofuzo lwe-cytochrome P450 1B1 kumaseli weJurkat, okwandisa ukwenzeka kwamakhefu e-DNA anezintambo. J Umsoco. 2004 Septhemba; 134: 2222-8. Buka okungaqondakali.
  77. UGrundy WE, Kukhululwe uM, uJohnson HC, et al. Umphumela we-phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) ekukhishweni kwamavithamini B ngabantu abadala abavamile. I-Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov; 15: 187-94. Buka okungaqondakali.
  78. URoth K.S. I-Biotin kwezokwelapha - ukubuyekeza. Ngingu-J J Nutriti Womtholampilo. 1981 Septhemba; 34: 1967-74. Buka okungaqondakali.
  79. Fiume MZ. Iphaneli Yesazi Yokubuyekeza Isithako Sezimonyo. Umbiko wokugcina wokuhlolwa kokuphepha kwe-biotin. I-Int J Toxicol. 2001; 20 Isengezo 4: 1-12. Buka okungaqondakali.
  80. UGeohas J, Daly A, Juturu V, et al. Inhlanganisela ye-Chromium picolinate ne-biotin inciphisa i-atherogenic index ye-plasma ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2: isilingo somtholampilo esilawulwa yi-placebo, esingaboni kabili, esingahleliwe. NginguJ Med Sci. 2007 uMar; 333: 145-53. Buka okungaqondakali.
  81. Abakwa-Ebek, Inc. bakhipha ukuzikhumbuza ngokuzithandela ezweni lonke kweLiviro3, umkhiqizo omakethwa njengesengezo sokudla. I-Ebek Press Release, Januwari 19, 2007. Itholakala ku: http://www.fda.gov/oc/po/firmrecalls/ebek01_07.html.
  82. Umculi GM, uGeohas J. Umphumela we-chromium picolinate kanye ne-biotin supplementation ekulawuleni kwe-glycemic ezigulini ezingalawulwa kahle ezine-type 2 diabetes mellitus: isilingo esilawulwa yi-placebo, esimpumputhe kabili, esingahleliwe. Isifo Sikashukela Technol Ther 2006; 8: 636-43. Buka okungaqondakali.
  83. URathman SC, u-Eisenschenk S, uMcMahon RJ. Ubuningi nokusebenza kwama-enzyme ancike ku-biotin kuncishisiwe kumagundane aphethwe i-carbamazepine. J Izakhi 2002; 132: 3405-10. Buka okungaqondakali.
  84. Mbumbulu DM, Dyken ME. I-Biotin catabolism iyashesha kubantu abadala abathola ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside ngama-anticonvulsants. I-Neurology 1997; 49: 1444-7. Buka okungaqondakali.
  85. I-Albarracin C, i-Fuqua B, i-Evans JL, i-ID ye-Goldfine. Inhlanganisela yeChromium picolinate ne-biotin ithuthukisa imetabolism metabolism ekwelapheni, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile okungalawuleki kwiziguli ezikhuluphele ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Isifo Sikashukela Metab Res 2008; 24: 41-51. Buka okungaqondakali.
  86. UGeohas J, uFinch M, uJuturu V, et al. Ukwenza ngcono ekuzileni i-Glucose yegazi ngokuhlanganiswa kweChromium Picolinate neBiotin kuType 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Umhlangano Wonyaka We-American Diabetes Association 64th, ngoJuni 2004, Orlando, Florida, abstract 191-OR.
  87. Mbumbulu DM, Dyken ME. Ukushoda kwe-Biotin kusuka ekwelashweni kwesikhathi eside ngama-anticonvulsants (abstract). I-Gastroenterology 1995; 108: A740.
  88. UKrause KH, uBerlit P, uBonjour JP. Isimo se-Vitamin ezigulini ezithola ukwelashwa okungapheli kwe-anticonvulsant. I-Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982; 52: 375-85. Buka okungaqondakali.
  89. UKrause KH, uKochen W, uBerlit P, uBonjour JP. Ukukhishwa kwama-organic acid ahlotshaniswa nokushoda kwe-biotin ekwelashweni okungapheli kwe-anticonvulsant. I-Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984; 54: 217-22. Buka okungaqondakali.
  90. ISealey WM, i-Teague AM, iStratton SL, iMock DM. Ukubhema kusheshisa i-biotin catabolism kwabesifazane. Ngingu-J J Nutriti 2004; 80: 932-5. Buka okungaqondakali.
  91. I-Mock NI, iMalik MI, iStumbo PJ, et al. Ukwanda kokukhishwa komchamo kwe-3-hydroxyisovaleric acid kanye nokwehla kokukhishwa komchamo kwe-biotin kuyizinkomba zokuqala ezibucayi zesimo esinciphile ekushodeni kokuhlola kwe-biotin. Ngingu-J J Nutriti 1997; 65: 951-8. Buka okungaqondakali.
  92. UBaez-Saldana A, uZendejas-Ruiz I, Revilla-Monsalve C, et al. Imiphumela ye-biotin ku-pyruvate carboxylase, i-acetyl-CoA carboxylase, i-propionyl-CoA carboxylase, nezimpawu ze-glucose ne-lipid homeostasis ezigulini zesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 kanye nezifundo ze-nondiabetic. Ngingu-J J Nutriti 2004; 79: 238-43. Buka okungaqondakali.
  93. UZempleni J, Mbumbulu DM. Ukutholakala kwe-biotin okunikezwe ngomlomo kubantu ngemithamo ye-pharmacologic. Ngingu-J J Nutriti 1999; 69: 504-8. Buka okungaqondakali.
  94. Kusho uHM. I-Biotin: uvithamini okhohliwe. Ngingu-J J Nutriti Womtholampilo. 2002; 75: 179-80. Buka okungaqondakali.
  95. UKeipert JA. Ukusetshenziswa komlomo kwe-biotin ku-seborrhoeic dermatitis yobuntwana: isilingo esilawulwayo. IMed J Aust 1976; 1: 584-5. Buka okungaqondakali.
  96. I-Koutsikos D, i-Agroyannis B, i-Tzanatos-Exarchou H. Biotin yesifo sikashukela esikhungweni semizwa. I-Biomed Pharmacother 1990; 44: 511-4. Buka okungaqondakali.
  97. UCoggeshall JC, uHeggers JP, uRobson MC, et al. Isimo se-Biotin kanye ne-plasma glucose kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. U-Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985; 447: 389-92.
  98. UZempleni J, Helm RM, Mock DM. Ku-vivo biotin supplementation kumthamo we-pharmacologic kunciphisa amazinga okwanda kwamangqamuzana egazi e-mononuclear egazi lomuntu kanye nokukhishwa kwe-cytokine. J Izakhi 2001; 131: 1479-84. Buka okungaqondakali.
  99. I-Mock DM, i-Quirk JG, i-Mock NI. Ukushoda kwe-biotin engemuva ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okujwayelekile. Ngingu-J Clin Nutrit 2002; 75: 295-9. Buka okungaqondakali.
  100. ICamacho FM, uGarcia-Hernandez MJ. I-Zinc aspartate, i-biotin, ne-clobetasol propionate ekwelapheni i-alopecia areata ebuntwaneni. I-Pediatr Dermatol 1999; 16: 336-8. Buka okungaqondakali.
  101. IBhodi Yezokudla Nezokudla, Isikhungo Sezokwelapha. Ukufakwa Kwezikhombo Zezokudla ku-Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, neCholine. IWashington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Itholakala ku: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309065542/html/.
  102. IHill MJ. Izimbali zamathumbu kanye ne-vitamin endogenous synthesis. I-Eur J Cancer Prev 1997; 6: S43-5. Buka okungaqondakali.
  103. U-Debourdeau PM, u-Djezzar S, u-Estival JL, et al. I-eusinophilic pleuropericardial effusion esongela impilo ehlobene namavithamini B5 noH. Ann Pharmacother 2001; 35: 424-6. Buka okungaqondakali.
  104. I-Shils ME, u-Olson JA, uShike M, uRoss AC, ama-eds. Ukondleka Kwamanje Ezempilo Nezifo. Umhlaka 9. IBaltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
  105. I-Lininger SW. Ikhemisi Yemvelo. 1st ed. I-Rocklin, CA: Ukushicilela kwe-Prima; 1998.
  106. Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Ukuphazamiseka ku-biotin metabolism ezinganeni ezithola ukwelashwa isikhathi eside kwe-anticonvulsant. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Umsoco 1998; 26: 245-50. Buka okungaqondakali.
  107. I-Krause KH, i-Bonjour JP, i-Berlit P, isimo se-Kochen W. Biotin se-epileptics. U-Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985; 447: 297-313. Buka okungaqondakali.
  108. I-Bonjour JP. I-Biotin ekudleni komuntu. U-Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985; 447: 97-104. Buka okungaqondakali.
  109. Kusho uHM, Redha R, Nylander W. Biotin wezokuthutha emathunjini omuntu: ukuvinjelwa yimithi elwa ne-anticonvulsant. Ngingu-J J Nutriti 1989; 49: 127-31. Buka okungaqondakali.
  110. IHochman LG, iSherher RK, iMeyerson MS. Izipikili eziphukile: impendulo ekwenziweni kwansuku zonke kwe-biotin. I-Cutis 1993; 51: 303-5. Buka okungaqondakali.
  111. UHenry JG, Sobki S, Afafat N. Ukuphazanyiswa yi-biotin therapy esilinganisweni se-TSH ne-FT4 nge-enzyme immunoassay ku-analyzer yaseBoehringer Mannheim ES 700. U-Ann Clin Biochem 1996; 33: 162-3. Buka okungaqondakali.
Kugcine ukubuyekezwa - 12/11/2020

Imibhalo Emisha

Ungayibona kanjani i-collarbone ephukile, izimbangela eziyinhloko nokwelashwa

Ungayibona kanjani i-collarbone ephukile, izimbangela eziyinhloko nokwelashwa

I-collarbone ephukile ivame ukuvela ngenxa yengozi yemoto, i ithuthuthu noma ukuwa, futhi ingabonakala ngezimpawu nezimpawu, ezinjengobuhlungu nokuvuvukala kwendawo nobunzima bokuhambi a ingalo, kanye...
Isikhathi esihle sokugcotshwa yilanga nokuthi ungasivikela kanjani isikhumba sakho

Isikhathi esihle sokugcotshwa yilanga nokuthi ungasivikela kanjani isikhumba sakho

Ukuze ukwazi ukuthola i ikhumba e i hukiwe ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni yoku hi wa yilanga ngi ho nomdlavuza we ikhumba, kunconywa ukuthi ubeke i- un creen kuwo wonke umzimba, kufaka phakathi izindl...