Umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax

-Delile

• Umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax unconywa kubantu abathile abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya kwengama-65 ubudala abangavezwa amanani amaningi amabhaktheriya emsebenzini, kufaka phakathi:

I-anthrax yisifo esibi esingahlasela izilwane nabantu. Kubangelwa amagciwane abizwa I-Bacillus anthracis. Abantu bangathola i-anthrax ngokuxhumana nezilwane ezinegciwane, uboya, inyama noma izikhumba.

I-Anthrax enqamulelayo. Ngendlela evame kakhulu, i-anthrax yisifo sesikhumba esidala izilonda zesikhumba futhi imvamisa umkhuhlane nokukhathala. Kufika kuma-20% ala macala ayabulala uma engalashwa.

I-Anthrax yesisu. Leli fomu le-anthrax lingavela ngokudla inyama enegciwane eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe. Izimpawu zingafaka umkhuhlane, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuhlungu besisu nokuvuvukala, nezindlala ezingama-lymph ezivuvukile. I-anthrax emathunjini ingaholela ekufakweni ubuthi begazi, ukushaqeka nokufa.

Ukuhogela i-Anthrax. Leli fomu le-anthrax livela lapho B. i-anthracis udonse umoya, futhi uzimisele kakhulu. Izimpawu zokuqala zingafaka umphimbo obuhlungu, umkhuhlane omncane kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa lezi zimpawu zilandelwa izinkinga ezinzima zokuphefumula, ukushaqeka, futhi kaningi i-meningitis (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho nentambo yomgogodla embozayo). Leli fomu le-anthrax lidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela nokwelashwa okunamandla ngama-antibiotic. Kuvame ukubulala.

Umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax uvikela isifo se-anthrax. Umuthi wokugoma osetshenziswe e-United States awuqukethe B. i-anthracis amaseli futhi ayibangeli i-anthrax. Umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax wanikezwa ilayisense ngo-1970 waphinde wanikezwa ilayisense ngo-2008.

Ngokuya ngobufakazi obulinganiselwe kodwa obuzwakalayo, umuthi wokugoma uvikela kokubili okusikiwe (isikhumba) kanye ne-anthrax yokuhogela.

Umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax unconywa kubantu abathile abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya kwengama-65 ubudala abangavezwa amanani amaningi amabhaktheriya emsebenzini, kufaka phakathi:

• ilabhorethri ethile noma abasebenzi bokulungisa
• abanye abantu abaphatha izilwane noma imikhiqizo yezilwane
• abanye abasebenzi bezempi, njengoba kunqunywe nguMnyango Wezokuvikela

Laba bantu kufanele bathole imithamo emihlanu yokugoma (emisipheni): isilinganiso sokuqala lapho kutholakala ubungozi bokuvezwa okungaba khona, kanye nemithamo esele emasontweni ama-4 nezinyanga eziyi-6, 12, nezingu-18 ngemuva komthamo wokuqala.

Izilinganiso zokulekelela zonyaka ziyadingeka ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo.

Uma umthamo unganikezwa ngesikhathi esihleliwe, uchungechunge akudingeki luqale phansi. Qalisa kabusha uchungechunge ngokushesha okusebenzayo.

Umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax nawo uyanconywa kubantu abangagonyiwe abaye bavezwa i-anthrax ezimweni ezithile. Laba bantu kufanele bathole imithamo emithathu yokugoma (ngaphansi kwesikhumba), nomthamo wokuqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvezwa ngangokunokwenzeka, bese imithamo yesibili neyesithathu inikezwe amasonto ama-2 noma ama-4 ngemuva kowokuqala.

• Noma ngubani oke waphatheka kabi emzimbeni lapho ethola umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax wangaphambilini akufanele athole omunye umthamo.
• Noma ngubani onenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nanoma iyiphi into yokugoma akufanele athole umthamo. Tshela umhlinzeki wakho uma unenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nomzimba, kufaka phakathi i-latex.
• Uma ngabe uke waba ne-Guillain Barr syndrome (GBS), umhlinzeki wakho angancoma ukuthi angatholi umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax.
• Uma unokugula okulingene noma okunzima umhlinzeki wakho angakucela ukuthi ulinde uze ululame ukuze uthole umgomo. Abantu abanokugula okuncane bangagonywa.
• Ukugonywa kunganconywa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abaye bavezwa i-anthrax futhi abasengozini yokuhlaselwa yisifo sokuhogela. Omama abahlengikazi banganikezwa umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax ngokuphepha.

Njenganoma imuphi umuthi, umuthi wokugoma ungadala inkinga enkulu, njengokusabela okweqile okwedlulele.

I-anthrax yisifo esibi kakhulu, futhi ingozi yokulimala kabi okuvela emuthini wokugoma incane kakhulu.

• Ubumnene engalweni lapho kudutshulwe khona (cishe umuntu oyedwa kwababili)
• Ububomvu engalweni lapho kudutshulwe khona (cishe owesilisa oyedwa kwabangu-7 nowesifazane oyedwa kwabathathu)
• Ukulunywa engalweni lapho kudutshulwe khona (cishe owesilisa oyedwa kwabangu-50 nowesifazane oyedwa kwabangu-20)
• Isigaxa engalweni lapho kudutshulwe khona (cishe owesilisa oyedwa kwabangu-60 nowesifazane oyedwa kwabangu-16)
• Ukulimala engalweni lapho kudutshulwe khona (cishe owesilisa oyedwa kwabangu-25 nowesifazane oyedwa kwabangu-22)
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma ukukhawulelwa kwesikhashana kokunyakaziswa kwengalo (cishe indoda eyodwa kwayi-14 nowesifazane oyedwa kwabayishumi)
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda (cishe owesilisa oyedwa kwabangu-25 nowesifazane oyedwa kwabayishumi nambili)
• Ukukhathala (cishe indoda eyodwa kwayi-15, cishe owesifazane oyedwa kwabangu-8)

• Ukusabela okweqile komzimba (okungajwayelekile - okungaphansi kwesisodwa kumanani we-100,000).

Njenganoma imuphi umuthi wokugoma, kuye kwabikwa ezinye izinkinga ezinzima. Kodwa lokhu akubonakali kwenzeka kaningi phakathi kwabamukeli bokugoma i-anthrax kunabantu abangagonyiwe.

Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax ubangela izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside.

Amakomidi omphakathi azimele awakutholanga ukugonyelwa i-anthrax njengesizathu sezifo ezingachazeki phakathi kwababalweli beGulf War.

• Noma yisiphi isimo esingajwayelekile, esifana nokuphendula okunzima komzimba noma umkhuhlane omkhulu. Uma kwenzeka ukusabela okweqile okukhulu, kungaba phakathi kwemizuzu embalwa kuya kwehora ngemuva kokudutshulwa. Izimpawu zokuphendula okweqile zingabandakanya ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuba buthakathaka, ukushesha noma ukushaya, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, isifuba, isiyezi, ukuphaphatheka, noma ukuvuvukala komphimbo.

• Shayela udokotela, noma yisa umuntu kudokotela ngokushesha.
• Tshela udokotela wakho ngokwenzekile, usuku nesikhathi okwenzeke ngaso, nokuthi ukugoma kwanikezwa nini.
• Cela umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi abike ukusabela ngokufaka ifomu le-Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Noma ungafaka lo mbiko kuwebhusayithi ye-VAERS ku-http: //vaers.hhs.gov/index noma ngokushayela u-1-800-822-7967. I-VAERS ayihlinzeki ngezeluleko zezokwelapha.

Uhlelo lweFederal, iCountermeasures Injury Compensation Programme, lwenziwe ngaphansi koMthetho wePREP ukusiza ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa nezinye izindleko ezithile zabantu abathile abasabela kanzima kulo muthi wokugoma.

Uma uphendula umuthi wokugoma, ikhono lakho lokumangalela lingahle lilinganiselwe ngokomthetho. Ngeminye imininingwane, vakashela iwebhusayithi yohlelo ku www.hrsa.gov/countermeasurescomp, noma ushayele ku-1-888-275-4772.

• Buza udokotela wakho noma omunye umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Bangakunika okufakwa kwephakeji lokugoma noma basikisele eminye imithombo yolwazi.
• Xhumana Nezikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo (CDC): shayela ku-1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO) noma uvakashele iwebhusayithi ye-CDC ku-http: //emergency.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/vaccination /.
• Xhumana noMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-U.S (DoD): shayela ku-1-877-438-8222 noma uvakashele iwebhusayithi ye-DoD ku-http: //www.anthrax.osd.mil.

Isitatimende Sokwaziswa Somuthi Wokugoma i-Anthrax. UMnyango Wezempilo WaseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu / Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lokugoma. 3/10/2010.

• I-Biothrax^®