I-Agoraphobia

-Delile

• Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Agoraphobia?
• Yini Ebangela i-Agoraphobia?
• I-Agoraphobia Itholakala Kanjani?
• Iphathwa Kanjani i-Agoraphobia?
• Ukwelashwa
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo
• Ukwelashwa Okuziphatha Okuqondakalayo (CBT)
• Ukwelashwa Kokuveza
• Imithi
• Izinguquko Zokuphila
• Uyini Umbono Wabantu abane-Agoraphobia?

Kuyini i-Agoraphobia?

I-Agoraphobia uhlobo lwesifo sokukhathazeka esenza abantu bagweme izindawo nezimo ezingadala ukuthi bazizwe:

• ubhajwe
• engenakuzisiza
• wethukile
• enamahloni
• wethukile

Abantu abane-agoraphobia bavame ukuba nezimpawu zokuhlaselwa ukwethuka, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nesicanucanu, lapho bezithola besesimweni esicindezelayo. Bangaphinde babhekane nalezi zimpawu bengakafiki nakuleso simo abasesabayo. Kwezinye izimo, isimo singaba nzima kakhulu ukuthi abantu bagweme ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, njengokuya ebhange noma esitolo, bese bahlala emakhaya abo usuku lonke.

INational Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) ilinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti ama-0.8 abantu abadala baseMelika bane-agoraphobia. Cishe amaphesenti angama-40 amacala abhekwa njengabucayi. Lapho isimo sesithuthuke kakhulu, i-agoraphobia ingakhubaza kakhulu. Abantu abane-agoraphobia bavame ukubona ukuthi ukwesaba kwabo akunangqondo, kepha abakwazi ukwenza lutho ngakho. Lokhu kungaphazamisa ubudlelwane babo bomuntu siqu nokusebenza emsebenzini noma esikoleni.

Uma usola ukuthi une-agoraphobia, kubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukwelashwa kungakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Ngokuya ngobukhulu besimo sakho, ukwelashwa kungaqukatha ukwelashwa, imishanguzo, namakhambi wokuphila.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Agoraphobia?

Abantu abane-agoraphobia ngokujwayelekile:

• besaba ukushiya ikhaya labo isikhathi eside
• wesaba ukuba yedwa esimweni senhlalo
• wesaba ukulahlekelwa ukulawula endaweni yomphakathi
• besaba ukuba sezindaweni lapho kuzoba nzima ukweqa khona, njengemoto noma ikheshi
• ahlukanisiwe noma ahlukaniswe nabanye
• ukukhathazeka noma ukukhathazeka

I-Agoraphobia ivame ukuqondana nokuhlaselwa ukwethuka. Ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka kuchungechunge lwezimpawu kwesinye isikhathi ezenzeka kubantu abanexhala nezinye izifo zempilo yengqondo. Ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka kungabandakanya izimpawu ezahlukahlukene zomzimba ezinzima, njenge:

• ubuhlungu besifuba
• inhliziyo egijimayo
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• isiyezi
• ethuthumela
• ukuminza
• ukujuluka
• ukushisa okushisayo
• Ukugodola
• isicanucanu
• isifo sohudo
• ukuba ndikindiki
• ukuzwa ukuzwa

Abantu abane-agoraphobia bangahlangabezana nokuhlaselwa ukwethuka noma nini lapho bengena esimeni esicindezelayo noma esingathandeki, okuqhubeka nokwengeza ukwesaba kwabo ukuba sesimweni esingakhululekile.

Yini Ebangela i-Agoraphobia?

Imbangela ngqo ye-agoraphobia ayaziwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezici eziningana ezaziwa ukwandisa ubungozi bokuthuthukisa i-agoraphobia. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuba:

• ukudana
• amanye ama-phobias, afana ne-claustrophobia ne-phobia yomphakathi
• olunye uhlobo lwesifo sokukhathazeka, njengesifo sokukhathazeka esijwayelekile noma isifo sokucindezela ngokweqile
• umlando wokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba noma ngokocansi
• inkinga yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa
• umlando womndeni we-agoraphobia

I-Agoraphobia ivame kakhulu nakwabesifazane kunakubesilisa. Imvamisa iqala ebudaleni obudala, kuthi iminyaka engama-20 kube yisilinganiso seminyaka yokuqala. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zalesi simo zingavela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

I-Agoraphobia Itholakala Kanjani?

I-Agoraphobia itholakala ngokuya ngezimpawu nezimpawu. Udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi ziqale nini nokuthi uzithola kaningi kangakanani. Bazobuza imibuzo ehlobene nomlando wakho wezokwelapha nomlando womndeni futhi. Bangase futhi benze ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukusiza ukukhipha izimbangela zomzimba zezimpawu zakho.

Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-agoraphobia, izimpawu zakho zidinga ukuhlangabezana nenqubo ethile ebhalwe ku-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). I-DSM yincwajana evame ukusetshenziswa ngabahlinzeki bezempilo ukuthola izimo zempilo yengqondo.

Kufanele uzwe ukwesaba okukhulu noma ukukhathazeka kuzimo ezimbili kulezi ezilandelayo ukuze utholwe une-agoraphobia:

• usebenzisa izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi, njengesitimela noma ibhasi
• ukuba sezindaweni ezivulekile, njengesitolo noma indawo yokupaka
• ukuba sezikhala ezivalekile, njengelifti noma imoto
• ukuba esixukwini
• ukuba kude nekhaya ngedwa

Kunemigomo eyengeziwe yokuxilongwa kwesifo sokuphazamiseka nge-agoraphobia. Kufanele ube nokuhlaselwa uvalo okuphindaphindayo, futhi okungenani ukuhlaselwa kokukhathazeka okukodwa kufanele ukuthi kulandelwe ngu:

• ukwesaba ukuba nokuhlaselwa okuthe xaxa
• ukwesaba imiphumela yokuhlaselwa ukwethuka, njengokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma ukwehluleka ukuzibamba
• ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwakho ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ukwethuka

Ngeke utholwe une-agoraphobia uma izimpawu zakho zibangelwa okunye ukugula. Futhi azinakubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa noma esinye isifo.

Iphathwa Kanjani i-Agoraphobia?

Kunezindlela zokwelashwa ezahlukahlukene ze-agoraphobia. Uzodinga kakhulu inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo

I-Psychotherapy, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-talk therapy, ifaka ukuhlangana nomelaphi noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo njalo. Lokhu kukunika ithuba lokukhuluma ngokwesaba kwakho nanoma yiziphi izingqinamba ezingaba nomthelela ekwesabeni kwakho. I-Psychotherapy ivame ukuhlanganiswa nemithi yokusebenza ngempumelelo enkulu. Imvamisa kuyindlela yokwelashwa yesikhashana engamiswa uma ukwazi ukubhekana nokwesaba nokukhathazeka kwakho.

Ukwelashwa Okuziphatha Okuqondakalayo (CBT)

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) yindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokwelashwa kwengqondo okusetshenziselwa ukwelapha abantu abane-agoraphobia. I-CBT ingakusiza uqonde imizwa nemibono esontekile ehlotshaniswa ne-agoraphobia. Kungakufundisa nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezimo ezicindezelayo ngokufaka imicabango ephambukisiwe ngemicabango enempilo, ekuvumela ukuthi uphinde uthole amandla okulawula empilweni yakho.

Ukwelashwa Kokuveza

Ukwelashwa kokuvezwa nakho kungakusiza ukunqoba ukwesaba kwakho. Kulolu hlobo lokwelashwa, uvezwa ngobumnene nangokuhamba kancane ezimweni noma ezindaweni ozesabayo. Lokhu kungenza ukwesaba kwakho kunciphe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imithi

Imithi ethile ingasiza ekunciphiseni i-agoraphobia yakho noma izimpawu zokuhlaselwa ukwethuka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiwe, efana ne-paroxetine (Paxil) noma i-fluoxetine (i-Prozac)
• i-serotonin ekhethiwe ne-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, efana ne-venlafaxine (Effexor) noma i-duloxetine (iCymbalta)
• i-tricyclic antidepressants, njenge-amitriptyline (Elavil) noma i-nortriptyline (Pamelor)
• imishanguzo yokulwa nokukhathazeka, njenge-alprazolam (Xanax) noma i-clonazepam (iKlonopin)

Izinguquko Zokuphila

Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ngeke zelaphe i-agoraphobia, kepha zingasiza ekwehliseni ukukhathazeka kwansuku zonke. Ungahle uthande ukuzama:

• ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali obuchopho akwenza uzizwe ujabulile futhi ukhululekile
• ukudla ukudla okunempilo okuqukethe okusanhlamvu okuphelele, imifino, namaprotheni anciphile ngakho uzizwa ungcono ngokuphelele
• ukuzijayeza ukuzindla kwansuku zonke noma izivivinyo zokuphefumula okujulile ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka nokulwa nokuqala kokuhlaselwa ukwethuka

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kungcono ukugwema ukuthatha izithako zokudla namakhambi. La makhambi emvelo awafakazelwa ukuthi aphatha ukukhathazeka, futhi angaphazamisa ukusebenza kwemithi enqunyiwe.

Uyini Umbono Wabantu abane-Agoraphobia?

Akunakwenzeka njalo ukuvimbela i-agoraphobia. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kokukhathazeka noma ukuphazamiseka kungasiza. Ngokwelashwa, unethuba elihle lokuba ngcono. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuba lula futhi kusheshe uma kuqalwa ekuqaleni, ngakho-ke uma usola ukuthi une-agoraphobia, unganqikazi ukufuna usizo. Lesi sifo singaqeda amandla ngoba sikuvimbela ukuthi ubambe iqhaza emisebenzini yansuku zonke. Alikho ikhambi, kepha ukwelashwa kungazinciphisa kakhulu izimpawu zakho futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.