Umuthi wokugoma umkhuhlane: ubani okufanele awuthathe, ukusabela okuvamile (nokunye ukungabaza)

-Delile

• 1. Ubani okufanele athole umuthi wokugoma?
• 2. Ngabe umuthi wokugoma uvikela i-H1N1 noma i-coronavirus?
• 3. Ngingawutholaphi umuthi wokugoma?
• 4. Ngabe ngidinga ukuyithatha minyaka yonke?
• 5. Ngingawuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane?
• 6. Yikuphi ukusabela okuphikisayo okuvame kakhulu?
• Ikhanda, imisipha noma amalunga omzimba
• Imfiva, amakhaza nokujuluka okweqile
• Ukusabela esizeni sokuphatha
• 7. Ubani okungafanele athole umuthi wokugoma?
• 8. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangawuthola yini umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane?

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uvikela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zegciwane lomkhuhlane, elibhekele ukuthuthukiswa komkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, njengoba leli gciwane lihlangabezana nokuguquka okuningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, liya ngokuya limelana futhi, ngakho-ke, umuthi wokugoma udinga ukwenziwa kabusha minyaka yonke ukuze uvikele ezinhlotsheni ezintsha zegciwane.

Umuthi wokugoma unikezwa ngomjovo engalweni futhi usiza umzimba ukuthi uvikele umkhuhlane, uvimbele ukuqala kwezinkinga ezinkulu ezifana nenyumoniya nezinye izinkinga zokuphefumula, ngaphezu kokulaliswa nokufa. Ngalokhu, umuthi wokugoma ubeka umuntu esilinganisweni esincane segciwane lomkhuhlane elingasebenzi, elanele "ukuqeqesha" uhlelo lokuzivikela ukuze luzivikele uma kungenzeka luhlangane negciwane elibukhoma.

Umuthi wokugoma utholakala mahhala yi-Unified Health System (SUS) kubantu abasemaqenjini asengozini, kodwa futhi ungatholakala nasemitholampilo yangasese yokugoma.

1. Ubani okufanele athole umuthi wokugoma?

Ngokufanelekile, umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane kufanele unikezwe abantu okungenzeka ukuthi bahlangane negciwane lomkhuhlane futhi babe nezimpawu kanye / noma nezinkinga. Ngakho-ke, umuthi wokugoma uncoma uMnyango Wezempilo ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Izingane eziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha neminyaka engu-6 aziphelele (iminyaka emi-5 nezinyanga eziyi-11);
• Abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-55 nengama-59 ubudala;
• Abadala ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60;
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe;
• Abesifazane be-Postpartum abangafika ezinsukwini ezingama-45;
• Ochwepheshe bezempilo;
• Othisha;
• Abantu bomdabu;
• Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abekeke engcupheni, njenge-HIV noma umdlavuza;
• Abantu abanezifo ezingalapheki, njengesifo sikashukela, i-bronchitis noma i-asthma;
• Iziguli ze-Trisomy, njenge-Down syndrome;
• Intsha ehlala ezikhungweni zezenhlalo nezemfundo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziboshwa nabanye abantu abaphucwe inkululeko yabo kumele nabo bagonywe, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezimo zendawo abatholakala kuyo, eyenza kube lula ukudluliswa kwezifo.

2. Ngabe umuthi wokugoma uvikela i-H1N1 noma i-coronavirus?

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uvikela emaqenjini ahlukene egciwane lomkhuhlane, okubandakanya i-H1N1. Endabeni yemithi yokugoma ephethwe mahhala yi-SUS, ivikela izinhlobo ezi-3 zegciwane: umkhuhlane A (H1N1), A (H3N2) kanye Umkhuhlane uhlobo B, lwaziwa njengolunxantathu. Umuthi wokugoma ongathengwa futhi uphathwe emitholampilo yangasese uvame ukuba ne-tetravalent, futhi uvikele kolunye uhlobo lwegciwane Umkhuhlane B.

Kunoma ikuphi, umuthi wokuvikela awuvikele kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-coronavirus, kufaka phakathi imbangela yokutheleleka nge-COVID-19.

3. Ngingawutholaphi umuthi wokugoma?

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane onikezwa yi-SUS kumaqembu asengozini uvame ukuphathwa ezikhungweni zezempilo, ngesikhathi semikhankaso yokugoma. Kodwa-ke, lo mgomo ungenziwa futhi yilabo abangeyona ingxenye yeqembu eliyingozi, emitholampilo yangasese, ngemuva kokukhokhwa komuthi wokugoma.

4. Ngabe ngidinga ukuyithatha minyaka yonke?

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane unesikhathi esingahluka phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi nambili, ngakho-ke, kufanele unikezwe minyaka yonke, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sekwindla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amagciwane omkhuhlane eguquka ngokushesha, umuthi omusha wokugoma usebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba uvikelekile ezinhlotsheni ezintsha esezivele onyakeni.

Uma usuphethwe, umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uqala ukusebenza emasontweni amabili kuya kwamane futhi, ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukuvimbela umkhuhlane osuvele ukhula.

5. Ngingawuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane?

Okufanelekile, umuthi wokugoma kufanele unikezwe kuze kube amasonto ama-4 ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu zomkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu esenalo mkhuhlane, kuyalulekwa ukulinda ukuthi izimpawu zinyamalale ngaphambi kokugoma, ukugwema ukuthi izimpawu zomkhuhlane wemvelo zididaniswe nokusabela emuthini wokugoma, isibonelo.

Ukugoma kuzovikela umzimba kokunye ukutheleleka okungenzeka kube yigciwane lomkhuhlane.

6. Yikuphi ukusabela okuphikisayo okuvame kakhulu?

Ukusabela okuvame kakhulu ngemuva kokusebenzisa umuthi wokugoma kufaka:

• Ikhanda, imisipha noma amalunga omzimba

Abanye abantu bangathola ukukhathala, ubuhlungu bomzimba nokuphathwa yikhanda, okungavela cishe emahoreni ayisithupha kuye kwayi-12 ngemuva kokugoma.

Okufanele ngikwenze: kufanele uphumule futhi uphuze uketshezi oluningi. Uma ubuhlungu bukhulu, ama-analgesics, njenge-paracetamol noma i-dipyrone, angathathwa, inqobo nje uma kuboniswe ngudokotela.

• Imfiva, amakhaza nokujuluka okweqile

Abanye abantu bangaba nomkhuhlane, amakhaza kanye nokujuluka okungaphezu kokujwayelekile ngemuva kokugoma, kepha imvamisa kuyizimpawu zesikhashana, ezivela emahoreni ayisithupha kuye kwayi-12 ngemuva kokugoma, futhi zinyamalale cishe ezinsukwini ezimbili.

Okufanele ngikwenze:uma zidala ukungaphatheki kahle okuningi, ungaphuza amaphilisi ezinhlungu nama-antipyretics, njenge-paracetamol noma i-dipyrone, inqobo nje uma eyalelwe ngudokotela.

• Ukusabela esizeni sokuphatha

Okunye ukusabela okuphikisayo okuvame kakhulu ukuvela kwezinguquko endaweni yokuphathwa komuthi wokugoma, njengobuhlungu, ukubomvu, ukumila noma ukuvuvukala okuncane.

Okufanele ngikwenze: iqhwa elincane lingasetshenziswa endaweni evikelekile ngendwangu ehlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, uma kunokulimala okukhulu kakhulu noma ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe, kufanele uye kudokotela ngokushesha.

7. Ubani okungafanele athole umuthi wokugoma?

Lo mgomo uyaphikiswa kubantu abanegazi, i-guillain-barré syndrome, izinkinga zokuvala igazi ezifana ne-hemophilia noma imihuzuko evela kalula, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa noma isifo sobuchopho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, akumele futhi isetshenziswe kubantu abanezinto ezingezwani namaqanda noma i-latex, amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, njengasendabeni yokwelashwa komdlavuza noma uma uthatha izidakamizwa ze-anticoagulant, kanye nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye ne-lactation.

8. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangawuthola yini umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane?

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umzimba wowesifazane usengozini yokutheleleka, ngakho-ke kunamathuba amaningi okuthola umkhuhlane. Ngakho-ke, owesifazane okhulelwe uyingxenye yamaqembu engcupheni yomkhuhlane, ngakho-ke, kufanele abe nokugoma mahhala ezikhungweni zezempilo ze-SUS.