Yini engaba amaprotheni emchameni (proteinuria), izimpawu nokuthi welashwa kanjani

-Delile

• Izimbangela nezinhlobo zeproteinuria
• 1. I-proteinuria yesikhashana
• 2. I-Orthostatic proteinuria
• 3. I-proteinuria eqhubekayo
• Izimpawu ezingenzeka
• Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa
• Ungasilungiselela kanjani isivivinyo

Ukuba khona kwamaprotheni amaningi emchameni kwaziwa ngokwesayensi njenge-proteinuria futhi kungaba yinkomba yezifo eziningana, kuyilapho amazinga aphansi wamaprotheni emchameni ebhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-molecule wamaprotheni makhulu ngosayizi ngakho-ke awakwazi ukudlula kwi-glomeruli noma izihlungi zezinso futhi awavamile ukukhishwa emchameni.

Izinso zihlunga igazi, zisuse okungabalulekile nokugcina okubalulekile emzimbeni, noma kunjalo, kwezinye izimo, izinso zivumela amaprotheni ukuthi adlule ezihlungweni zawo, abangele ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni emchameni.

Izimbangela nezinhlobo zeproteinuria

Ukwanda kwenani lamaprotheni emchameni kungenzeka ngenxa yezimo eziningana futhi, ngokuya ngesizathu nesikhathi lapho ukutholakala kwamaprotheni emchameni kungatholakala, i-proteinuria ingahlukaniswa nge:

1. I-proteinuria yesikhashana

Izimo ezibangela ukuphakama kwesikhashana kwamaprotheni emchameni yilezi:

• Ukwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni;
• Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo;
• Ukuchayeka emakhazeni amakhulu;
• Imfiva;
• Ukuvivinya umzimba kakhulu.

Lezi zimo azisona isizathu sokukhathazeka, futhi zivame ukudlula.

2. I-Orthostatic proteinuria

Ku-orthostatic proteinuria, inani lamaprotheni emchameni liyanda lapho limi, futhi livame ukubonwa ezinganeni nasebantwaneni abade nabazacile. Uketshezi lwamaprotheni emchameni kwenzeka ikakhulukazi emini, lapho amazinga womsebenzi ephezulu, ngakho-ke uma umchamo uqoqwa ekuseni, akufanele ube namaprotheni.

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3. I-proteinuria eqhubekayo

Izifo nezimo ezidala ukuphikelela kwamazinga aphezulu wamaprotheni emchameni kungaba kokulandelayo:

• I-Amyloidosis, equkethe ukuqoqwa okungavamile kwamaprotheni ezithweni;
• Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kweminye imithi, njengezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala;
• Isifo esingapheliyo sezinso noma isifo sezinso se-polycystic noma ukutheleleka kwezinso;
• Isifo senhliziyo noma ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo;
• I-Hodgkin's lymphoma ne-myeloma eminingi;
• I-Glomerulonephritis, equkethe ukuvuvukala kwe-glomeruli yezinso;
• Isifo sikashukela, ngoba sithinta ikhono lezinso lokuhlunga igazi noma ukubuyisela kabusha amaprotheni egazini;
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, olimaza imithambo yegazi etholakala ngaphakathi naseduze kwezinso, kuthinte kabi ukusebenza kwalezi zitho;
• I-nephropathy ye-IgA, equkethe ukuvuvukala kwezinso okuvela ekuqongeleleni kwe-antibody ye-immunoglobulin A;
• I-Sarcoidosis, equkethe ukukhula nokukhula kwamaqoqo amaseli wokuvuvukala ezithweni;
• I-sickle cell anemia;
• ILupus;
• Umalaleveva;
• Isifo samathambo.

Izindinganiso eziphakeme zamaprotheni emchameni nazo zingenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi kungenzeka zihlobene nezici eziningana, njengokukhula komsebenzi wezinso ukuhlunga uketshezi oluningi, ukucindezeleka ngokweqile, ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo, noma ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu -eclampsia. Bona okuningi mayelana nalezi zimpawu ze-proteinuria ekukhulelweni.

I-Preeclampsia iyinkinga ebucayi yokukhulelwa, okumele itholwe ngokushesha okukhulu, ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zempilo kowesifazane okhulelwe, okungahle kuhlotshaniswe nezinye izinto njengokukhuphuka kwengcindezi yegazi, ikhanda elibuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. Funda kabanzi nge-pre-eclampsia.

Izimpawu ezingenzeka

I-Proteinuria ingaba ngumphumela wezimo eziningana, izimpawu zingahlobene ngqo nokuba khona kwamaprotheni emchameni, kepha izimbangela.

Kodwa-ke, uma i-proteinuria ikhombisa isifo sezinso, ezinye izimpawu zingavela, njengokuxokozela kanye nokuhlanza, ukwehla kokukhiqizwa komchamo, ukuvuvukala emaqakaleni naseduze kwamehlo, ukunambitheka okungathandeki emlonyeni, ukukhathala, ukuphelelwa umoya nokudla, i-pallor, ukoma nokulimala okujwayelekile kwesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umchamo ungahle ube negwebu futhi ubangele ubuhlungu nokuzwa okuvuthayo lapho uchama. Qonda ukuthi ukwehluleka kwezinso kuyini, izimpawu nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kuncike kakhulu kusizathu se-proteinuria, ngakho-ke umuntu kufanele aye kulowo ophakathi nendawo ukuze enze ukuxilongwa okulungile, futhi anqume ukuthi yini ebanga amaprotheni amaningi ngokweqile emchameni.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa

Amaprotheni angatholakala kalula emchameni ngokuhlola umchamo wohlobo 1, owaziwa nangokuthi i-EAS, lapho kufakwa khona isiqeshana sephepha esinama-reagents amakhemikhali kwisampula yomchamo, futhi uma kunenani elikhulu lamaprotheni esampula, ingxenye umucu ushintsha umbala. Bona ukuthi ungawuqonda kanjani umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-EAS.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi umchamo unamaprotheni amaningi, ukuhlolwa komchamo kwamahora angama-24 kungenziwa ukukala ukuvunyelwa kwamaprotheni kanye ne-creatinine, okusiza ukuhlola nokulawula ukusebenza kwezinso, ngaleyo ndlela kusize ukuthola izifo ezingaba khona. Funda konke mayelana nokuhlolwa komchamo wamahora angama-24.

Amasampula womchamo aqoqwa esitsheni esisodwa noma ngaphezulu esikhathini esingamahora angama-24 futhi agcinwe endaweni epholile. Ngemuva kwalokho, athunyelwa elabhorethri ayohlaziywa. Lokhu kuhlolwa akubonisi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamaprotheni akhona emchameni, ngakho-ke ukuthola izinhlobo zamaprotheni akhona, udokotela angakweluleka ukuthi wenze ezinye izivivinyo njenge-electrophoresis yamaprotheni akhona emchameni.

Ungasilungiselela kanjani isivivinyo

Ngaphambi kokwenza isivivinyo, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela ukuze uzilungiselele kahle, ukuze umphumela ungabi mubi. Ngakho-ke, kungadingeka ukuyeka ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile noma izithasiselo ezingaphazamisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Ezinye izinto zingaphazamisa isivivinyo, njengokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukungaphuzi amanzi anele, ngemuva kokuhlolwa okwehlukile kwemisebe lapho uhlobo oluthile lwedayi selusetshenzisiwe, selubhekene nesimo sokucindezeleka ngokweqile ngokomzwelo, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile, uma unokutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo, noma uma umchamo wakho uxubene nezicubu zesitho sangasese sowesifazane, igazi noma isidoda.

Uma ukuhlolwa komchamo kwenziwa kwabesifazane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulinda izinsuku ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-10 ngemuva kokuphela komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ukugwema ukungcolisa umchamo ngemikhondo yegazi kusukela kuleso sikhathi.