I-aplastic anemia: kuyini, izimpawu eziyinhloko nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu ze-aplastic anemia
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Izimbangela eziyinhloko
• Ukwelashwa kwe-aplastic anemia

I-aplastic anemia uhlobo lomnkantsha wamathambo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, okubonakala ngokuncipha kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi, ama-leukocyte nama-platelet ajikelezayo, okuveza isimo se-pancytopenia. Lesi simo singaba khona kusukela ekuzalweni noma sitholwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi kungenzeka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile noma ukuthintana kaningi nezinto zamakhemikhali, isibonelo.

Ngenxa yokuthi umnkantsha awukwazanga ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi asebenzayo futhi ngobuningi obanele, izimpawu nezimpawu zalolu hlobo lwe-anemia ziqala ukuvela, njenge-pallor, ukukhathala ngokweqile, ukutheleleka kaningi nokubonakala kwamabala ansomi esikhumbeni ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isizathu esisobala.

Izimpawu ze-aplastic anemia

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-aplastic anemia zivela ngenxa yokwehla kwenani lokujikeleza kwamangqamuzana egazi, okuyinhloko:

• Pallor esikhumbeni kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila;
• Amacala amaningana okutheleleka ngonyaka;
• Amamaki ansomi esikhunjeni ngaphandle kwesizathu;
• Ukopha okukhulu ngisho nokusikeka okuncane;
• Ukukhathala,
• Ukuphefumula okufishane;
• Tachycardia;
• Ukopha ezinsinini;
• Isiyezi;
• Ikhanda;
• Ukuqhuma esikhunjeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo kungahle kube nezinguquko ezinso nasemgudwini wokuchama, lezi zinguquko ziba njalo kakhulu esimweni se-Fanconi anemia, okuluhlobo lwe-angenia aplastic yokuzalwa. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-anemia kaFanconi.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kwe-aplastic anemia kwenziwa ngokususelwa ekuhlaziyweni kokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, ikakhulukazi ukubalwa kwegazi, okukhombisa inani eliphansi kunamanani anconyiwe wamaseli abomvu egazi, ama-leukocyte nama-platelets.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, udokotela uvame ukucela ukwenza i-myelogram, ehlose ukuhlola ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana kungumongo wethambo, ngaphezu kokwenza i-bone marrow biopsy. Qondisisa ukuthi iyini imniningwane wethambo lomnkantsha nokuthi wenziwa kanjani.

Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi lapho kutholakala ukuthi i-aplastic anemia iyinto yokuzalwa, udokotela angacela ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging ukuhlola umgudu wezinso nezinso, kanye nokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri okuhlola lolu hlelo, njenge-urea ne-creatinine, ngokwesibonelo.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko

Ushintsho kumnkantsha wethambo oholela ekutheni i-aplastic anemia ibe yinto yokuzalwa noma etholwe. Ekuzalweni kwe-anlia aplastic, ingane izalwa ngalolu shintsho, ithuthukise izimpawu eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-aplastic anemia etholakalayo iyaqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ingahle ihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwemithi, ngenxa yezifo ezizimele noma izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, noma ngenxa yokuchayeka kaningi kwezinye izinto ezinobuthi, okuyinhloko i-bismuth, i-pesticides , izibulala-zinambuzane, i-chloramphenicol, usawoti wegolide nemikhiqizo kaphethiloli.

Ukwelashwa kwe-aplastic anemia

Ukwelashwa kwe-aplastic anemia kuhlose ukuqeda izimpawu nokuvuselela umnkantsha wethambo ukukhiqiza amaseli wegazi anele akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yawo.

Ngakho-ke, kunganconywa ukumpontshelwa igazi, okuthi ngenxa yokuthi kufakwa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu nama-platelet, ikakhulukazi, kungenzeka ukunciphisa izimpawu, ngoba kuzoba nenqwaba yomoya-mpilo ohanjiswa ngamaseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic emthanjeni kusiza ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba, kusize ukulwa nezifo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi esiza ukukhuthaza umsebenzi womnkantsha kanye nemithi yokuzivikela, efana neMethylprednisolone, iCyclosporine nePrednisone, nakho kungakhonjiswa.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha, ukuphela kwempumelelo yokwelapha i-aplastic anemia ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo, lapho umuntu ethola khona umnkantsha osebenza kahle, okhuthaza ukwakheka kwamaseli egazi ngamanani afanele. Qonda ukuthi ukufakelwa umnkantsha wamathambo kuyini nokuthi kusebenza kanjani.