I-hemolytic anemia: kuyini, izimpawu eziyinhloko nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ziyini izimbangela
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-autoimmune hemolytic anemia, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-AHAI, yisifo esivezwa ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibody asabela ngokumelene namaseli abomvu egazi, awabhubhise futhi akhiqize i-anemia, enezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, i-pallor, isiyezi, isikhumba esiphuzi nesibi namehlo abe

Lolu hlobo lwe-anemia lungathinta noma ngubani, kepha luvame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Yize imbangela yayo ingacaciswa ngaso sonke isikhathi, ingavela ekucasukeni kwesistimu yomzimba ngemuva kokutheleleka, ubukhona besinye isifo sokuzivikela komzimba, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile, noma nomdlavuza.

I-autoimmune hemolytic anemia ayelapheki ngaso sonke isikhathi, noma kunjalo, inokwelashwa okwenziwa ikakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi yokulawula amasosha omzimba, njenge-corticosteroids kanye ne-immunosuppressants. Kwezinye izimo, ukukhishwa kobende, okubizwa nge-splenectomy, kungakhonjiswa, ngoba lena yindawo lapho ingxenye yamaseli abomvu abhujiswa khona.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu ze-autoimmune hemolytic anemia zifaka:

• Ubuthakathaka;
• Ukuzizwa uphela amandla;
• Pallor;
• Ukuntula ukudla;
• Isiyezi;
• Ukukhathala;
• Ukulala;
• Inkinga;
• Ikhanda;
• Izipikili ezibuthakathaka;
• Isikhumba esomile;
• Ukulahleka kwezinwele;
• Ukuphefumula okufishane;
• Ukuphakama ezinhlakeni zomlomo wamehlo nomlomo;
• I-jaundice.

Lezi zimpawu zifana kakhulu nalezo ezibangelwa ezinye izinhlobo zokushoda kwegazi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi udokotela a-ode izivivinyo ezingasiza ukuthola imbangela ngqo, njengokuncipha komthamo wamaseli abomvu egazi, isibalo se-reticulocyte esiphezulu, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi angavuthiwe, ngaphezu kwezivivinyo zomzimba.

Bheka ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani phakathi kwezimbangela ze-anemia.

Ziyini izimbangela

Imbangela ye-autoimmune hemolytic anemia ayikhonjwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, noma kunjalo, ezimweni eziningi kungaba yinto yesibili ukutholakala kwezinye izifo ezizimele, njenge-lupus ne-rheumatoid arthritis, umdlavuza, njengama-lymphomas noma ama-leukemias noma ngenxa yokusabela emithini, njenge-Levodopa, iMethyldopa, ama-anti-inflammatories kanye nama-antibiotic athile.

Kungaphakama futhi ngemuva kokutheleleka, njengalezo ezibangelwa amagciwane afana ne-U-Epstein-Barr noma iParvovirus B19, noma ngamagciwane afana ne- I-Mycobacterium pneumoniae noma I-Treponema pallidum uma kubangela ugcunsula ophezulu, isibonelo.

Ezimweni ezingaba ngama-20%, i-autoimmune hemolytic anemia iba yimbi kakhulu ngamakhaza, njengakulezi zimo, amasosha omzimba aqala ukusetshenziswa ngamazinga okushisa aphansi, abizwa nge-AHAI ngama-antibodies abandayo. Amacala asele abizwa nge-AHAI ngama-antibody ashisayo, futhi yiwo amaningi.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ngokuthola i-autoimmune hemolytic anemia, izivivinyo udokotela azozi-oda zifaka:

• Ukubalwa kwegazi, ukuthola i-anemia nokubona ubunzima bayo;
• Ukuhlolwa komzimba, njengokuhlolwa okuqondile kweCoombs, okukhombisa ubukhona bama-antibodies anamathele ebusweni bamaseli abomvu egazi. Qonda ukuthi ukuhlolwa kweCoombs kusho ukuthini;
• Ukuhlolwa okufakazela i-hemolysis, njengokunyuka kwama-reticulocytes egazini, okungamaseli abomvu angavuthwa avela egazini ngokweqile uma kwenzeka i-hemolysis;
• Isilinganiso se-bilirubin engaqondile, okwandisa ezimweni ze-hemolysis enamandla. Yazi ukuthi yenzelwe ini nokuthi kukhonjiswa nini ukuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin.

Njengoba ama-anemias amaningana angaba nezimpawu ezifanayo nokuhlolwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela akwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimbangela ezahlukahlukene zokushoda kwegazi. Thola okuningi mayelana nokuhlolwa ku: Ukuhlolwa okuqinisekisa i-anemia.

Yelashwa kanjani

Akunakushiwo ukuthi kukhona ikhambi le-autoimmune hemolytic anemia, njengoba kujwayelekile ezigulini ezinalesi sifo ukuthi zibhekane nezikhathi zokuqubuka kwazo nokwenza ngcono isimo sazo.

Ukuze uphile isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka esikhathini sokuxolelwa, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa okukhonjiswe yi-hematologist, okwenziwe ngemithi elawula amasosha omzimba, afaka phakathi ama-corticosteroids, njenge-Prednisone, ama-immunosuppressants, njenge-Cyclophosphamide noma i-Cyclosporine, ama-immunomodulators, njenge-immunoglobulin yomuntu noma i-plasmapheresis, esiza ukususa amasosha omzimba amaningi ngokweqile egazini, ezimweni ezinzima.

Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kobende, okubizwa nge-splenectomy, kuyindlela kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezingasabeli kahle ekwelashweni. Njengoba ingozi yokutheleleka ingakhuphula abantu abasusa lesi sitho, imigomo efana ne-antipneumococcal ne-antimeningococcal ikhonjisiwe. Bheka okuningi ngokunakekelwa nokululama ngemuva kokususwa kobende.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhetha ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-autoimmune hemolytic anemia, izimpawu eziveziwe nobukhulu bokugula komuntu ngamunye. Isikhathi sokwelashwa siyahlukahluka, futhi kwezinye izimo ungazama ukuqala ukuhoxisa imishanguzo ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingaba yisithupha ukuhlola impendulo, kuya ngokuholwa ngudokotela wezifo zegazi.