Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-angina, izimpawu nokuthi welashwa kanjani

-Delile

• Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-angina
• 1. I-angina eqinile
• 2. I-angina engazinzile
• 3. I-Prinzmetal angina noma okuhlukile
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Ngabe i-angina inekhambi?

U-Angina, owaziwa nangokuthi i-angina pectoris, uhambelana nomuzwa wobunzima, ubuhlungu noma ukuqina esifubeni okwenzeka lapho kuncipha ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni ehambisa umoya-mpilo oya enhliziyweni, okuyisimo esaziwa njenge-cardiac ischemia.

Isikhathi esiningi, i-ischemia yenhliziyo ingumphumela we-atherosclerosis, ebonakala ngokuqoqwa kwamapuleti anamafutha emithanjeni ye-coronary, evame kakhulu kubantu abane-high blood pressure, i-cholesterol ephezulu noma isifo sikashukela esibolile. Bona ukuthi yiziphi izimbangela ezi-5 eziphezulu ze-atherosclerosis.

I-ischemia yenhliziyo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, i-angina, ivame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50 ubudala futhi kufanele yelashwe ngokushesha, ngoba iyingozi enkulu ekuthuthukiseni i-infarction, ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo nezinye izifo zenhliziyo, njenge-arrhythmia, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma iStroke , Ngokwesibonelo.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-angina

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-angina, ezingahluka ngokuya ngezimpawu ezethulwayo, okuyinhloko:

1. I-angina eqinile

Kubangelwa i-ischemia yesikhashana, okungukuthi, ivela lapho umuntu enza umzamo othile noma ehlushwa ukucindezeleka okuthile ngokomzwelo, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi okuyingxenye nokwesikhashana. Lolu hlobo lwe-angina luvame kakhulu kubantu asebevele benohlobo oluthile lwe-atherosclerosis eyingxenye yenhliziyo, engaba yimbi kakhulu futhi iholele ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu ezivame ukuhlobene ne-angina ezinzile ukuqina noma ukuzwa okuvuthayo endaweni yesifuba, okuhlala cishe imizuzu engu-5 kuye kwengu-10, futhi okungaphuma kuye ehlombe, engalweni noma entanyeni. Izimpawu zivame ukubangelwa umzamo noma izikhathi zomzwelo omkhulu, futhi zithuthuke ngokuphumula noma ngemithi yokwelula imithambo nokwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi, njenge-Isordil.

Injani impatho: Endabeni ye-angina ezinzile, udokotela wenhliziyo uvamise ukukhombisa ukuphumula futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-vasodilator, ezinjengeDinitrate noma i-Isosorbide Mononitrate (Isordil), ukwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwegazi emthanjeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuba nemikhuba yokuphila enempilo ukuvimbela i-angina ukuthi ingenzeki futhi futhi, ngenxa yalokhu, kunconywa ukuthi umuntu akwazi ukulawula ingcindezi, i-cholesterol neglucose yegazi, ngaphezu kwalokho kubalulekile ukuthi ube nokudla okuncane usawoti, amafutha kanye noshukela.nokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo.

2. I-angina engazinzile

Kuyisimo esibucayi kakhulu kune-angina ezinzile, njengoba kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu komoya-mpilo wenhliziyo, ngenxa yokuqhekeka nokuvuvukala kocwecwe lwe-atherosclerosis olubangela izimpawu ezinamandla kakhulu nezingaguquguquki, kuthathwa njengohlobo lwe-pre-infarction .

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-angina ezinzile ubuhlungu, ukuqina noma ukushisa endaweni yesifuba ehlala ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-20, ephinde ikhanye ezindaweni eziseduze futhi ingahle ihlotshaniswe nezinye izimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu, ukujuluka nokuphefumula. Lapho lezi zimpawu zivela, kufanele uye ngokushesha egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo. Thola ukuthi bungaba yini ubuhlungu besifuba.

Injani impatho: Ukwelashwa kokuqala sekuvele kwenziwe egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo, ngamakhambi okuvimbela ukwanda kwezimpawu, njenge:

• Imithi yokwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwegazi, yohlobo lwe-nitrate, njenge-Isordil, i-beta-blockers, njenge-Metoprolol, noma i-calcium channel blockers, njengeVerapamil neMorphine, lapho izimpawu zishuba kakhulu;
• Imithi yokwehlisa ukwakheka kwamahlwili, kusetshenziswa ama-antiplatelet agents, njenge-AAS neClopidogrel noma iPrasugrel neTiclopidine, nama-anticoagulants, njenge-Heparin.
• Izidakamizwa ezinomfutho wegazi ophezulu yohlobo lwe-ACEI, njenge-Captopril, noma ama-ejenti ehlisa i-lipid wokulawulwa kwe-cholesterol, njenge-Atorvastatin.

Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala, udokotela wenhliziyo uyaqhubeka nokuphenya izinga lokuvinjelwa kwenhliziyo nokubandakanyeka kwenhliziyo ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezifana ne-echocardiography, i-cardiac scintigraphy kanye ne-catheterization yenhliziyo.

Njengakwi-angina ezinzile, ku-angina engazinzile kubalulekile ukwelapha izinto ezinobungozi, njengokulawulwa kwengcindezi, i-cholesterol, i-glucose yegazi, ngaphezu kokulawula ukudla nokwenza imisebenzi yomzimba, izimo zengqondo ezibalulekile ekugcineni impilo enhle ye-coronary kanye nasenhliziyweni .

3. I-Prinzmetal angina noma okuhlukile

Lolu hlobo lwe-angina alunaso isizathu esicacile futhi lwenzeka ngenxa yokuqubuka kwenhliziyo, lapho kuba nokuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi noma ngabe umuntu engenawo amaqoqo amaningi emthanjeni noma ezinye izinhlobo zokuncipha.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Endabeni ye-angina kaPrinzmetal, ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukuqina esifubeni kungaqashelwa, okwenzeka ngisho nasekuphumuleni futhi kuthuthuke kancane kancane ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa. Kujwayelekile futhi ukuvela ngesikhathi sokulala noma ekuseni kakhulu.

Injani impatho: Ukwelashwa kwalolu hlobo lwe-angina kwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa yi-cardiologist futhi kuvame ukwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-nitrate noma i-calcium channel blockers, njenge-Diltiazem ne-Verapamil, isibonelo.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ngesikhathi senhlekelele, ukuxilongwa kwe-angina kwenziwa ngudokotela wenhliziyo ngokuhlola izimpawu nezimpawu ezethulwe ngumuntu, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa okuthile, njenge-electrocardiogram, i-X-ray yesifuba kanye ukulinganisa kwama-enzyme enhliziyo egazini. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ezinye izivivinyo zinga-oda ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, njengokuhlolwa kokuvivinya umzimba, i-myocardial scintigraphy, i-echocardiography kanye ne-catheterization yenhliziyo.

I-catheterization yenhliziyo ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba, ngaphezu kokulinganisa ngokunembile ukuvinjelwa kwemithambo yegazi nokuhlola ubukhona bezinguquko ekuhambeni kwegazi, iyakwazi ukwelapha imbangela yokuvinjelwa, nge-angioplasty, ngokufakwa stent noma ukusebenzisa ibhaluni ukuvula umthambo. Yazi ukuthi yenzelwe ini futhi ziyini izingcuphe ze-catheterization yenhliziyo.

Ngabe i-angina inekhambi?

I-Angina ingelapheka kubantu abakwazi ukwelapha i-ischemia yenhliziyo ngokusho kwesincomo se-cardiologist. Amacala amaningi alawulwa kahle ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi enqunywe yi-cardiologist, kanti eminye enzima kakhulu idinga i-catheterization noma ngisho nokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kwe-revascularization.

Amanye amathiphu awusizo okwelapha kahle i-angina afaka:

• Thatha imithi enikezwe udokotela;
• Yeka ukubhema;
• Sebenzisa ukudla okunempilo;
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo (ngaphansi kokuqondiswa uchwepheshe);
• Gwema ukudla ngokweqile neziphuzo ezidakayo;
• Gwema usawoti ne-caffeine;
• Gcina ingcindezi ilawulwa;
• Gwema ukucindezeleka;
• Gwema ukushisa okushisa kakhulu noma okubanda kakhulu, ngoba nakho kungadala ukuhlasela kwe-angina.

Ngalezi zimo zengqondo, ngaphezu kokwelapha i-angina, kungenzeka futhi ukuvimbela ukwanda noma ukuvela kwamapuleti amasha anamafutha emithanjeni ye-coronary.