Ukwelapha Ukunqamuka Kokuya Esikhathini Nge-Antidepressants

-Delile

• Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-anti-depressants?
• Ziyini izinzuzo ze-anti-depressants zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi ye-anti-depressants?
• Ingabe i-anti-depressants iphephile?
• Isifo se-Serotonin
• Okubalulekile

Yini ama-anti-depressants?

Ama-anti-depressants yimithi esiza ekwelapheni izimpawu zokudangala. Ukuthinta okuningi uhlobo lwamakhemikhali olubizwa nge-neurotransmitter. Ama-Neurotransmitters aphatha imiyalezo phakathi kwamaseli asebuchosheni bakho.

Ngaphandle kwegama labo, ama-anti-depressants angelapha izimo ezahlukahlukene ngaphandle kokucindezeleka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukukhathazeka nokukhathazeka
• ukuphazamiseka kokudla
• ukuqwasha
• ubuhlungu obungapheli
• migraines

Ama-anti-depressants nawo angasiza ekwelapheni izimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinzuzo ze-anti-depressants zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-anti-depressants?

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-anti-depressants:

• I-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiwe (SSRIs). Ama-SSRI akhulisa inani le-serotonin ye-neurotransmitter ebuchosheni bakho. Odokotela bavame ukunquma lokhu kuqala ngoba kubangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu.
• ISerotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Ama-SNRI akhulisa inani le-serotonin ne-norepinephrine ebuchosheni bakho.
• I-Tricyclic antidepressants. Lokhu kugcina i-serotonin ne-norepinephrine eningi itholakala ebuchosheni bakho.
• I-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). I-Serotonin, i-norepinephrine, ne-dopamine konke kungama-monoamine. I-monoamine uhlobo lwe-neurotransmitter. Umzimba wakho ngokwemvelo udala i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-monoamine oxidase ewonakalisayo. Ama-MAOIs asebenza ngokuvimba le enzyme ekusebenzeni kuma-monoamine ebuchosheni bakho. Kodwa-ke, ama-MAOI awavamile ukunikezwa, ngoba angadala imiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Ziyini izinzuzo ze-anti-depressants zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini?

Ama-anti-depressants angahlinzeka ukukhululeka kwizimpawu ze-vasomotor zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Izimpawu zeVasomotor zibandakanya imithambo yegazi. Kubandakanya izinto ezifana:

• ukushisa okushisayo
• ukujuluka ebusuku
• ukuqhuma isikhumba

Lezi futhi ngezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Cishe abesifazane besifazane abayeka ukuya esikhathini bayahlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, kuphawula ucwaningo lwango-2014.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi imithamo ephansi yama-SSRI noma ama-SNRI ingasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-vasomotor, ikakhulukazi ukukhanya okushisayo nokujuluka ebusuku. Isibonelo, kutholakale ukuthi umthamo ophansi we-SNRI venlafaxine (Effexor) usebenze cishe kanye nokwelashwa kwendabuko kwamahomoni ekwehliseni ukukhanya okushisayo.

Okunye kusuka ngonyaka ka-2015 kutholakale ukuthi isilinganiso esincane se-SSRI paroxetine (Paxil) sithuthukise izinga lokulala kwabesifazane abaya esikhathini. Ukulala okuthuthukisiwe kwabahlanganyeli kungenxa yezimpawu ezimbalwa ze-vasomotor phakathi nobusuku ngenkathi kuthatha i-paroxetine.

Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo iyathembisa, kodwa ochwepheshe abakaqiniseki ukuthi kungani ama-SSRI nama-SNRI anciphisa izimpawu ze-vasomotor. Kungahle kuhlotshaniswe namandla abo okulinganisela amazinga we-norepinephrine kanye ne-serotonin. Womabili la ma-neurotransmitters asiza ukuzinzisa ukushisa komzimba.

Khumbula ukuthi ama-anti-depressants aziwa kuphela ngokusiza ngokushisa okushisayo nokujuluka ebusuku. Uma ufuna ukwelapha ezinye izimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, ukwelashwa kwehomoni kungaba yindlela ephumelela kakhulu.

Iyini imiphumela emibi ye-anti-depressants?

Ama-anti-depressants angadala imiphumela emibi eminingi. Ama-SSRI ngokuvamile adala imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuzama lolu hlobo kuqala.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ze-anti-depressants ifaka:

• umlomo owomile
• isicanucanu
• uvalo
• ukungahlaliseki
• ukuqwasha
• izinkinga zocansi, njengokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile

I-Tricyclic antidepressants, kufaka phakathi i-amitriptyline, ingadala imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe, efana nale:

• ukungaboni kahle
• ukuqunjelwa
• kwehla umfutho wegazi lapho umile
• ukugcinwa komchamo
• ukozela

Imiphumela emibi ye-anti-depressant nayo iyahluka phakathi kwemithi, noma kuhlobo olufanayo lwe-antidepressant. Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukukhetha i-antidepressant enikeza inzuzo enkulu ngemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Kungadingeka ukuthi uzame okumbalwa ngaphambi kokuthola okusebenzayo.

Ingabe i-anti-depressants iphephile?

Ama-anti-depressants ngokuvamile aphephile. Kodwa-ke, ama-anti-depressants amaningi asetshenziselwa izimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini abhekwa njengokusetshenziswa kwelebula engekho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abenzi be-anti-depressant abenzanga izivivinyo ezinzima ezifanayo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle uma kuziwa ekwelapheni ukushisa nokujuluka ebusuku.

Kunomuthi owodwa obizwa ngeBrisdelle ofundwe yi-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngokukhethekile ukwelapha izimpawu ze-vasomotor. Kukhonjiswe ngempumelelo ekunciphiseni ukushisa nokujuluka ebusuku ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.

Ama-anti-depressants angaphinde ahlanganyele neminye imishanguzo, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imishanguzo oyisebenzisayo kanye nemithi kadokotela oyithathayo. Lokhu kufaka amavithamini nezithako.

Kufanele futhi utshele udokotela wakho uma une:

• cholesterol ephezulu
• umlando wesifo senhliziyo
• ingozi eyengeziwe yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi
• i-glaucoma
• i-prostate ekhulisiwe

Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi ulinganise izinzuzo nezingozi zokusebenzisa imishanguzo yokulwa nezimpawu zezimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.

Isifo se-Serotonin

I-Serotonin syndrome yisimo esingavamile kodwa esibi esenzekayo lapho amazinga akho e-serotonin ephakeme kakhulu. Kuvame ukwenzeka uma usebenzisa ama-anti-depressants, ikakhulukazi ama-MAOIs, neminye imithi, izithasiselo, noma izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni ezonyusa amazinga akho e-serotonin.

Izinto ezingasebenzisana nama-anti-depressants futhi zibangele i-serotonin syndrome zifaka:

• I-Dextromethorphan. Lesi isithako esivamile emithini yokubanda nokukhwehlela yasesitolo.
• Ama-Triptans. Lezi izinhlobo zemithi elwa namagciwane.
• Izithako zemithi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-ginseng neSt.
• Izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-LSD, i-ecstasy, i-cocaine, nama-amphetamine.
• Amanye ama-anti-depressants.

Funa ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi yale miphumela emibi ngenkathi uthatha imishanguzo yokucindezela:

• ukudideka
• ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha nokuthuthumela
• ukuqina kwemisipha
• ukujuluka
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukucabanga okweqile
• abafundi abahlanzekile
• isithuthwane
• ukungaphenduli

Okubalulekile

Ukwelapha ukushisa nokujuluka ebusuku kungenye yezindlela ezithandwa kakhulu ezingekho kwelebula zeminye imishanguzo yokucindezela. Muva nje, i-FDA ivume ukusetshenziswa kweBrisdelle kulezi zimpawu.

Ukweqiwa okuphansi kwemithi elwa nokucindezeleka kuvame ukudala imiphumela emibi embalwa futhi kwehlise nezingozi ezithile zokwelashwa kwamahomoni. Kodwa-ke, ama-anti-depressants asiza kuphela ngezimpawu ezithile zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukuthola inketho yokwelashwa ephumelela kunazo zonke yezimpawu zakho.