Aspergillosis: kuyini, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• 1. Ukusabela okweqile
• 2. I-aspergillosis yamaphaphu
• 3. I-aspergillosis ehlaselayo
• Ubani osengozini enkulu
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-aspergillosis
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Aspergillosis yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa ukhunta Aspergillus fumigatus, ekhona ezindaweni eziningana, njengenhlabathi, ama-pantas, okokubola okubonakalayo nemisebenzi, ngokwesibonelo.

Ngale ndlela, njengoba isikhunta sitholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, abantu bahlala bexhumana ne-Aspergillus fumigatus, kodwa akuzona zonke ezithuthukisa lesi sifo, ngoba isikhunta sikhula kalula futhi siholela ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu kubantu abanamasosha omzimba athikamezeke kakhulu ngenxa yezifo, njenge-HIV ne-lupus, ukufakelwa noma ukusebenzisa imishanguzo.

Umzila oyinhloko wokutheleleka kwe- Aspergillus kungenxa yokuphefumula, okukuvumela ukuthi ihlale emaphashini futhi kuholele ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu ezinjengokukhwehlela, ukuphefumula okuncane kanye nomkhuhlane, okungasheshe kubhebhethekise futhi kuthinte ezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ezinjengobuchopho, inhliziyo noma izinso, ikakhulukazi lapho ukwelashwa ngama-antifungals kungaqalwa.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Ngemuva kokuhogela izinhlamvu ze- Aspergillus fumigatus, ukhunta ungakha ikholoni umgudu wokuphefumula futhi uhlale emzimbeni ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abucayi, izimpawu zingavela ngokwendawo ethintekile nobukhulu besifo, futhi kungahle kube khona:

1. Ukusabela okweqile

Kwenzeka ikakhulukazi kubantu abanomlando wezifo ezingapheli zamaphaphu, njenge-asthma noma i-cystic fibrosis futhi kufaka nezimpawu nezimpawu ezinjenge:

• Imfiva engaphezu kuka-38ºC;
• Ukukhwehlela igazi noma i-phlegm;
• Ukuzwa ukuphefumula okuncane;
• Iphunga eligijimayo nobunzima bokunuka.

Lolu wuhlobo oluncane kakhulu lokuphendula futhi, ezimweni eziningi, lungelashwa ngisho nangezidakamizwa ezazivele zisetshenziselwa ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya, isibonelo. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu kubalulekile ukuya esibhedlela.

2. I-aspergillosis yamaphaphu

Lezi zimo zivame kakhulu, kepha zivame ukuthinta abantu abangenalo umlando wesifo samaphaphu. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukwehla kwesisindo;
• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo;
• Ukukhwehlela igazi;
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile;
• Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya.

Uma ingelashwa kahle, ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu kungakhula futhi kusabalale ngegazi, kufinyelele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo isikhunta singakwazi ukufaka amakoloni emaphashini bese sakha isikhunta, esaziwa ngokuthi i-aspergilloma, esingaqhubeka sikhule futhi siholele ekukhwehleleni kwegazi, futhi singasabalala nasemithanjeni yegazi futhi siholele ekuhlaselweni i-aspergillosis .

3. I-aspergillosis ehlaselayo

Luhlobo lokutheleleka olubi kakhulu olwenzeka lapho isikhunta singanda emaphashini bese sisakazeka ngegazi. Izimpawu zalolu hlobo lwe-aspergillosis zingaba:

• Imfiva engaphezu kuka-38º C;
• Ubuhlungu besifuba;
• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo;
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene;
• Ikhanda;
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le fungus inekhono lokungena emithanjeni yegazi, isabalale kalula futhi ikhuthaze ukuvalwa kwemikhumbi, okuholele ku-thrombosis.

I-aspergillosis ehlasela kakhulu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lapho amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke, izimpawu zawo kungaba nzima ukuzibona, ngoba zingachazwa njengezimpawu zesifo ukuthi lokhu kuncike ekunciphiseni kokuzivikela komzimba.

Ubani osengozini enkulu

Kutheleleka ngo- Aspergillus fumigatus kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngokuhogela izinhlamvu ezikhona emvelweni, kepha kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yokungeniswa kwezinhlamvu ezise-cornea, isibonelo.

Yize ingadonswa yinoma ngubani, ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka, ikakhulukazi kohlobo oluhlaselayo, kuvame kakhulu kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abe buthakathaka kakhulu ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo kanye / noma ezingamahlalakhona, njenge-HIV ne-lupus, abathole ukufakelwa kabusha yezitho zakamuva noma ezisebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba, njenge-corticosteroids, i-chemotherapy noma i-immunosuppressants.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-aspergillosis

Ukuxilongwa kwe-aspergillosis kuqala kwenziwa nguchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo, udokotela wamaphaphu noma udokotela ojwayelekile ngokuhlola izimpawu nezimpawu ezethulwe ngumuntu nomlando wezempilo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukutheleleka ngesikhunta, kungakhonjiswa ukubona isikhwehlela ngokusebenzisa imicroscope noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-serology ethola amasosha omzimba athile alwa naleso fungus, noma isiko lezicubu ezinegciwane.

Ngakho-ke, ngokwemiphumela yezivivinyo, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa i-aspergillosis nobukhali bayo, kube wusizo kudokotela ukukhombisa ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-aspergillosis kuvame ukuqala ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala, efana ne-Itraconazole noma i-Amphotericin B, esiza ukuqeda isikhunta esiningi emzimbeni, isize amasosha omzimba ukulawula ukutheleleka nokunciphisa izimpawu.

Kodwa-ke, udokotela angaluleka futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-corticosteroids, efana neBudesonide noma iPrednisone, ukukhulula izimpawu ngokushesha futhi kuthuthukise umphumela we-antifungal, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezimpawu ezinamandla kakhulu, njengalabo abane-asthma, isibonelo.

Ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, ze-pulmonary noma i-aspergillosis ehlaselayo, lapho kungakhula khona inqwaba yesikhunta, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-aspergilloma, udokotela angaluleka ukwelashwa ukuze kususwe izicubu ezithinteke kakhulu futhi kuvune umphumela wama-antifungal.