Konke Ofuna Ukukwazi Nge-Asthma Ezinganeni

-Delile

• Izimpawu
• Ojahidada
• Izingane ezindala
• Izimpawu zokuhlasela i-asthma
• Izimbangela
• Izimbangela
• Ukuxilongwa
• Ukwelashwa
• Ukwelashwa kwemitholampilo
• Ekwelashweni kwasekhaya
• Ukulungela kanjani
• Ukubonana nodokotela nini
• Okubalulekile

Isifuba somoya yisimo sokuphefumula esibonakaliswa ukuvuvukala kwemigwaqo yomoya.

Ngokusho kwe-, i-asthma yisimo esivamile sobuntwana esithinta cishe izingane eziyizigidi eziyisithupha ezizungeze i-United States.

Uma ingane yakho ine-asthma, kubalulekile ukuqonda izimbangela zayo bese wenza uhlelo lokwelashwa lwesikhathi eside ukugcina isimo siphethwe.

Lo mbhalo uzohlola konke odinga ukukwazi ngesifuba somoya ezinganeni, kufaka phakathi izimpawu, izimbangela, ukwelashwa, nokuningi.

Izimpawu

Kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa izimpawu zesifuba somoya sobuntwana kwezinye izimo zokuphefumula, njengokubandayo kwekhanda noma kwesifuba.

Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ze-asthma ngokuvamile azilapheki futhi zingathinta kabi izinga lempilo yengane yakho.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-asthma yobuntwana zifaka:

• ukukhwehlela, okuba kubi kakhulu ebusuku noma lapho ingane yakho igula
• ukuphefumula, okungabonakala njengomsindo oshaywayo noma okhalazayo lapho uphefumula
• ukuphefumula okuncane, noma ngabe ingane yakho yenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izimpawu zesifuba somoya ezingabonakala ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezindala.

Ojahidada

Ojahidada abakwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuxhumana lapho bengazizwa kahle, okusho ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi abazali banake noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha. Ezinganeni ezine-asthma, izimpawu zingafaka futhi:

• unenkinga yokulala ebusuku
• ukuphefumula kanzima ngesikhathi sokudlala
• ukukhathala, ngaphezu kokujwayelekile
• ukubambezeleka kokululama ezifweni zokuphefumula

Izingane ezindala

Izingane ezindala zinesikhathi esilula sokudlulisa izimpawu kubazali bazo. Ezinganeni ezindala ezine-asthma, ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezingenhla, nazo zingathola:

• ukuntuleka kwamandla usuku lonke
• ukuqina kwesifuba noma izikhalazo zobuhlungu besifuba
• ukukhwehlela okungapheli ebusuku kuphela

Izimpawu zesifuba somoya ziyahlukahluka kuye ngengane.

Ezinye izingane zizobhekana nezimpawu ezimbalwa ezingenhla, kanti ezinye zingakhombisa izimpawu ezisobala zokucindezeleka kokuphefumula.

Kwezinye izingane ezine-asthma enamandla, ukwanda kwezimpawu kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yisifuba somoya.

Izimpawu zokuhlasela i-asthma

Ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma ngokuvamile kuveza ukwanda kwezimpawu zesifuba somoya. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma okukhulu ezinganeni nakho kungabukeka kanjena:

• ukuphefumula kanzima
• okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezindebeni
• umfutho wegazi ophansi (hypotension)
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuphezulu noma okuphansi
• ukuyaluza noma ukudideka

Ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya okukhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala kungasongela impilo futhi kudinge usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha.

Izimbangela

Ukukhula kwesifuba somoya somntwana kungadalwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• Izakhi zofuzo. Ukuba nomlando womndeni wesifuba somoya noma ukungezwani komzimba kuboniswe ukwandisa ingozi yokuba nesifuba somoya.
• Ukungezwani komzimba. Ukuba nomzimba ongezwani nakho kungandisa ingozi yengane yokuthola i-asthma. Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nazo zingalingisa izimpawu zesifuba somoya ezinganeni.
• Izifo. Ukuba nezifo ezivame ukuphefumula kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwezimpawu zesifuba somoya ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu.

Ezinye zezinto ezinobungozi zesifuba somoya, njengezifo ezibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba nokutheleleka kanye nezifo, nazo zingadala izimpawu ze-asthma ezinganeni.

Izimbangela

Ezinganeni eziningi ezine-asthma, kukhona "izimbangela" ezithile ezingadala ukwanda kwezimpawu noma kuholele ekuhlaselweni yisifuba somoya. Izimbangela ezivamile ze-asthma zifaka:

• izifo zokuphefumula, njengomkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane
• ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ikakhulu uma kubanda, komile noma kunomswakama
• intuthu nokungcoliswa komoya, evela kugwayi, imililo, nokungcoliswa yizimboni
• komzimba, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni, izibungu zothuli, isikhunta, nezinye izifo ezivamile

Lapho usuzazi izimbangela zesifuba somoya sengane yakho, ungenza ukulungisa okumbalwa kwendlela yokuphila ukusiza ingane yakho ukuthi izigweme ngangokunokwenzeka. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ukufundisa ingane yakho inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu kunganciphisa ingozi yokungenwa umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane.
• Uma ingane yakho ine-asthma ebangelwa ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuthola ukwelashwa ukuphatha kahle isimo sayo kungasiza ukukhawulela imikhawulo ngesikhathi sokudlala, ezemidlalo nakweminye imisebenzi abangayithokozela.
• Ukugcina indlu yakho ihlanzekile ngothuli, i-dander, nezinye izifo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bezimpawu zesifuba somoya.

Ukuxilongwa

Ukuthola isifo se-asthma ezinganeni kungaba nzima, ikakhulukazi uma kunzima ukukhuluma izimpawu. Kunamanye amathuluzi okuxilonga angadlalwa ingane yakho ingane yakho ukuze inciphise ukuxilongwa.

• Umlando wezokwelapha. Udokotela wezingane cishe uzobuyekeza ngokuphelele umlando wezokwelapha wengane yakho. Bazobuza mayelana nezimpawu ingane yakho ebinazo, ubude balezo zimpawu, kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo okutholwe ukuthi unazo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokungezwani komzimba. Uma udokotela wezingane wengane yakho esola ukungezwani komzimba, angenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma kwesikhumba ukuze ahlole izimpawu zokuvuvukala. Bangase futhi bakhethe ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba, okungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi izimbangela zokungezwani komzimba zingadala izimpawu zesifuba somoya.
• I-x-ray yesifuba. Udokotela wengane yakho angakhetha ukwenza i-X-ray yesifuba ukuze anqume ukuthi ngabe izimpawu zibangelwa yini yizimo ezingezona eze-asthma. I-X-ray yesifuba kwesinye isikhathi ingakhombisa nezinguquko ezindleleni zomoya ezibangelwa yisifuba somoya.

Qaphela: Elinye lamathuluzi okuhlola kakhulu i-asthma kubantu abadala ukuhlolwa kwe-spirometry, okubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-spirometer ukuhlola ukusebenza kwamaphaphu.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa akuvamisile ukwenziwa ezinganeni ezincane ngoba zinenkinga yokwenza isivivinyo njengokuyalelwa.

Ukwelashwa

Alikho ikhambi le-asthma. Esikhundleni salokho, ukwelashwa kwesifuba somoya kugxile ekwehliseni noma ekuqedeni izimpawu zalesi simo nokuvimbela ukuvuvukala komoya okuqhubekayo.

Kokubili ukwelashwa kwemitholampilo nasekhaya kuyasebenza ekusizeni ukuphatha izimpawu zesifuba somoya sobuntwana.

Ukwelashwa kwemitholampilo

Noma kushintshwe indlela yokuphila, ezinye izingane zizodinga imishanguzo ukuphatha izimpawu zazo ze-asthma. Le mithi ye-asthma ingafaka:

• bronchodilators, okuyimithi esiza ukukhulula imigwaqo yomoya nokwandisa ukuhamba komoya.
• ama-anti-inflammatories, okusiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwemigwaqo yomoya.

Ama-bronchodilators ngokuvamile asetshenziswa njengezindlela zokutakula zokuphumula okusheshayo kwezimpawu zesifuba somoya.

Le mithi yokusiza ngokushesha, kufaka phakathi ama-agonists we-beta asebenza okwesikhashana nama-anticholinergics, ayasiza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya kanye nokuqhuma okukhulu.

Ama-anti-inflammatories ngokuvamile asetshenziswa njengemithi yesifuba somoya yesikhathi eside ukusiza ukuphatha izimpawu nokunciphisa isidingo sezindlela zokuhlenga.

Le mithi yesikhathi eside, kufaka phakathi i-corticosteroids, nokuningi, isiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala okungadala izimpawu zesifuba somoya.

Ngenkathi iningi lale mithi linganikezwa ngezindlela eziningi, izingane ezincane zivame ukuzuza ngokusebenzisa ama-nebulizers nemithi yomlomo ekwelapheni kwabo.

Izingane ezincane zinganikezwa nemithi nge-inhalers zisebenzisa i-spacer device kanye ne-mask efanelekile.

Ekwelashweni kwasekhaya

Kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ongazama ngazo ekhaya nengane yakho ukusiza ukunciphisa izimpawu zesifuba somoya.

• Isihlungi. Uma umoya wasekhaya lakho womile kakhulu, ungadala izimpawu ze-asthma. Sebenzisa umswakama ngaphakathi noma eduze kwegumbi lengane yakho ukugcina umswakama ohlobene phakathi kwamaphesenti angama-30 kuye kwangama-50. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlanza i-humidifier kaningi, ngokwemiyalo yomkhiqizi.
• Ukuzivocavoca umoya. Ukuzijwayeza ukuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula nengane yakho kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphefumula kanzima lapho kuvela izimpawu.
• Amafutha abalulekile. Olunye ucwaningo luphakamise ukuthi ukusabalalisa amafutha abalulekile kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala komoya. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka olunye ucwaningo ukuthola ukuthi ngabe amafutha abalulekile angasiza yini ukunciphisa izimpawu ze-asthma, futhi amafutha abalulekile awanconyelwe izingane.

Ukulungela kanjani

Ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya kungaba nokwesabisa, kepha kunezindlela wena nengane yakho eningazilungiselela ngazo.

Isinyathelo sokuqala okufanele usithathe ngemuva kokuthi ingane yakho itholwe ukuthi inesifuba somoya ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza. Lolu hlelo kufanele lubandakanye imininingwane mayelana:

• imiphi imithi ingane yakho eyiphuzayo
• ingane yakho iphuza imishanguzo kangaki
• ungabona kanjani lapho izimpawu ze-asthma yengane yakho ziba zimbi kakhulu
• lapho sekuyisikhathi sokubhekisa esibhedlela

Imithi yokutakula ingasetshenziswa ekuqaleni kokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya ukuvula imigwaqo yomoya. Umthamo ingane yakho eyidingayo ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya ungahluka, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ubuze udokotela wakho ukuthi ingakanani imithi edingekayo.

Uma ingekho imithi yokutakula etholakalayo noma umuthi awusizi, kufanele ufune usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha. Ungasebenzisa futhi lezi zinyathelo nengane yakho:

• Hlala ingane yakho iqonde ukuze imigwaqo yomoya ivuleke ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Sebenzisa izivivinyo zokuphefumula ukuze ubasize baqinise ukuphefumula kwabo.
• Khuluma buthule, unikeze isandla esiduduzayo, bese uzama ukubenza bazole ngangokunokwenzeka.

Izibalo ezivela ku-CDC ziphakamise ukuthi cishe zonke izingane ezine-asthma zizohlaselwa yisifuba somoya kwesinye isikhathi.

Ukuba nohlelo lokusebenza olulungile kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubunzima bokuhlaselwa, kodwa isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukugcina i-asthma yengane yakho ilawulwa kahle.

Uma ukhathazekile ukuthi i-asthma yengane yakho ayiphethwe kahle, ungazuza ngokusebenzisa i-Childhood Asthma Control Test, eyenzelwe izingane ezineminyaka engu-4 kuya ku-11.

Le mibuzo isebenzisa uhlelo lokufaka amagoli ukukusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ngabe i-asthma yengane yakho ilawulwa yini. Ukuphakama kwesikolo, zingaphathwa kakhudlwana izimpawu zengane yakho.

Ezinganeni, ezineminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu, ungazuza ngokusebenzisa i-Asthma Control Test ™. Yenzelwe futhi isebenza ngokufana nokuhlolwa kobuntwana.

Ukubonana nodokotela nini

Uma ukholwa ukuthi ingane yakho ingahle ikhombise izimpawu zesifuba somoya sobuntwana, sekuyisikhathi sokuvakashela udokotela. Uma ulinda isikhathi eside ukubhekana nezimpawu zawo, inkulu ingozi yengane yakho yokuba nokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya uma benza, i-asthma.

Uma ingane yakho kutholakala ukuthi ine-asthma, ungaqala inqubo yokwelashwa ezokwenza ngcono zombili izimpawu ze-asthma nekhwalithi yempilo yengane yakho.

Okubalulekile

I-asthma yobuntwana ingenye yezimo zamaphaphu ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Izimpawu zesifuba somoya ezinganeni zingafaka:

• ukukhwehlela
• isifuba
• ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukuqina kwesifuba

Ukuxilongwa kwe-asthma yobuntwana kufaka phakathi ukubuyekezwa komlando wezokwelapha futhi, uma kunesidingo, ezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga.

Izinketho zokwelashwa kwesifuba somoya zifaka phakathi imithi yesikhashana neyesikhathi eside kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila ukusiza ukuphatha izimpawu.

Uma ingane yakho ibhekene nezimpawu ze-asthma, hlela ukuvakashelwa nodokotela wezingane ukuze uthole okwengeziwe.