Izimonyo Ezinempilo

-Delile

• Ukuphepha komkhiqizo we-FDA, ilebula, nobuhle
• Ukuqonda "ukwakheka" kokwenza izimonyo
• Ama-surfactants
• Ama-polymers asezingeni
• Izinto zokuvikela
• Iphunga
• Izithako ezinqatshelwe
• Izithako ezivinjelwe
• Eminye imikhawulo
• Ukukhathazeka kokupakisha kwezimonyo
• Umbono

Kusetshenziswa izimonyo ezinempilo

Izimonyo ziyingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Abantu abaningi bafuna ukubukeka kahle futhi bazizwe kahle, futhi basebenzisa izimonyo ukufeza lokhu. I-Environmental Working Group (EWG), inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ezinikele ekufundiseni abathengi ngokuqukethwe kwemikhiqizo yezimonyo, ithi abesifazane basebenzisa isilinganiso semikhiqizo yokuzinakekela eyi-12 ngosuku, kuthi abesilisa basebenzise cishe ingxenye yalokho.

Ngenxa yokwanda kwezimonyo emphakathini, kubalulekile ukuba ngumthengi onolwazi futhi ofundile. Funda okukuzimonyo nokuthi zikuthinta kanjani wena nemvelo.

Ukuphepha komkhiqizo we-FDA, ilebula, nobuhle

Abantu abaningi bafuna imikhiqizo yobuhle eyenziwe ngezithako ezinempilo, ezingenabuthi. Ngeshwa, akulula kangako ukuthi abathengi babone ukuthi imiphi imikhiqizo empeleni enempilo kubo nasemvelweni. Amalebula athi imikhiqizo “iluhlaza okotshani,” “yemvelo” noma “organic” awathembekile. Ayikho i-ejensi kahulumeni ebhekene nokuchaza noma ukulawula ukwenziwa kwezimonyo.

I-U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ayinamandla okuqapha izimonyo eduze njengoba yenza ukudla nezidakamizwa. I-FDA inegunya elithile elisemthethweni phezu kwezimonyo. Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo yezimonyo kanye nezithako zayo (ngaphandle kwezithasiselo zombala) azikho ngaphansi kokuvunyelwa kwangaphambili kwe-FDA.

Ngamanye amagama, i-FDA ayihloli ukuthi ingabe umkhiqizo othi "ungamaphesenti ayi-100 wemvelo" ungamaphesenti ayi-100 ephilayo. Ngokwengeziwe, i-FDA ayikwazi ukukhumbula imikhiqizo yezimonyo eyingozi.

Kubalulekile ukuthi wena, umthengi, waziswe futhi uthenge imikhiqizo enempilo futhi ephephile kuwe nasemvelweni. Yazi ukuthi amanye amakhemikhali emikhiqizweni ethile yezimonyo angaba nobuthi.

Ukuqonda "ukwakheka" kokwenza izimonyo

Ukukusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi, nazi izigaba ezine ezibalulekile zezithako eziyingozi ezisetshenziselwa izimonyo nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu:

Ama-surfactants

Ngokusho kweRoyal Society of Chemistry, ama-surfactant atholakala emikhiqizweni esetshenziselwa ukuwashwa. Ziye zihlukanise izincibilikisi ezinamafutha ezikhiqizwa isikhumba ukuze zikhukhulwe ngamanzi. Ama-surfactants ahlanganiswe nezithasiselo ezinjengamadayi, amakha, nosawoti emikhiqizweni efana nesisekelo, i-gel yokugeza, i-shampoo, ne-lotion yomzimba. Zikhulisa imikhiqizo, zivumela ukuthi zisabalale ngokulingana futhi zihlanze futhi zenze amagwebu.

Ama-polymers asezingeni

Lezi zigcina umswakama esikhunjeni noma ezinweleni. IGlycerin, ingxenye yemvelo kawoyela wemifino kanye namafutha ezilwane, ikhiqizwa ngokwenziwa embonini yezimonyo. I-polymer yokulungisa isimo endala kunazo zonke, eshibhile, futhi ethandwa kakhulu.

Ama-polymers asezingeni asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yezinwele ukuheha amanzi nokuthambisa izinwele ngenkathi kuvuvukala shaft yezinwele. Zigcina imikhiqizo ingomi futhi iqinise amakha ukuze iphunga lingangeni ngamabhodlela epulasitiki noma amashubhu. Futhi benza imikhiqizo enjengokushefa ukhilimu uzizwe ubushelelezi futhi ushelele, futhi ibavimbela ekunamatheleni esandleni sakho.

Izinto zokuvikela

Izilondolozi ziyizithasiselo ezikhathalela ikakhulukazi abathengi. Zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukukhula kwamagciwane futhi zengeze impilo yeshalofu yomkhiqizo. Lokhu kungagcina umkhiqizo ungabangeli izifo zesikhumba noma zamehlo. Imboni yezimonyo izama izimonyo ezibizwa ngokuthi ziyazigcina, ezisebenzisa uwoyela wezitshalo noma izinto ezikhishwayo ukwenza njengezivimbelo zemvelo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungacasula isikhumba noma kubangele ukungezwani komzimba. Abaningi banephunga elinamandla elingaba mnandi.

Iphunga

Iphunga lingaba yingxenye eyingozi kakhulu yomkhiqizo wobuhle. Iphunga livame ukuqukethe amakhemikhali angadala ukusabela okweqile. Ungahle uthande ukucabanga ngokugwema noma yimuphi umkhiqizo ofaka igama elithi "iphunga" kuhlu lwazo lwezithako.

Izithako ezinqatshelwe

Ngokusho kwe-FDA, izithako ezilandelayo zivinjelwe ngokomthetho kwizimonyo:

• bithionol
• izichasisi ze-chlorofluorocarbon
• chloroform
• i-halogenated salicylanilides, di-, tri-, metabromsalan kanye ne-tetrachlorosalicylanilide
• i-methylene chloride
• i-vinyl chloride
• izakhiwo eziqukethe i-zirconium
• izinto zezinkomo ezingavunyelwe

Izithako ezivinjelwe

I-FDA futhi ibala lezi zithako, ezingasetshenziswa kepha zikhawulelwe ngokomthetho:

• hexachlorophene
• ama-mercury compounds
• ama-sunscreen asetshenziswa ezimonyweni

Eminye imikhawulo

I-EWG iphinde iphakamise izithako eziningi okufanele uzigweme, kufaka phakathi:

• i-benzalkonium chloride
• I-BHA (i-hydroxyanisole ene-butylated)
• udayi wezinwele zamalahle nezinye izithako zetiyela lamalahle, njenge-aminophenol, i-diaminobenzene, ne-phenylenediamine
• I-DMDM hydantoin ne-bronopol
• i-formaldehyde
• izithako ezifakwe kuhlu “njengephunga elimnandi”
• i-hydroquinone
• i-methylisothiazolinone ne-methylchloroisothiazolinone
• i-oxybenzone
• parabens, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, kanye ne-isobutylparabens
• Izinhlanganisela ze-PEG / ceteareth / polyethylene
• i-petroleum distillates
• phthalates
• i-resorcinol
• i-retinyl palmitate ne-retinol (uvithamini A)
• toluene
• I-triclosan ne-triclocarban

Ukukhathazeka kokupakisha kwezimonyo

Ukukhetha ukwakheka okunempilo kusho nokukhetha ukupakisha okuphephile kuwe futhi okunempilo emhlabeni. Izimbiza ezinemilomo evulekile zingangcoliswa ngamagciwane. Ukupakisha okungenawo umoya, okungavumeli ukuthi amabhaktheriya akhiqize, kuyathandwa. Amapompo anama-valve wendlela eyodwa angagcina umoya ungangeni kuphakheji evuliwe, okwenza ukungcoliswa kube nzima kakhulu. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza ngokucophelela zigcina umkhiqizo uyinyumba njengoba ungena ebhodleleni noma embizeni.

Umbono

Izimonyo ziyingxenye yempilo yabantu abaningi, futhi ukumaketha kwazo kungadukisa. Uma usebenzisa izimonyo noma imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, yaziswa ukuthi yini ngempela ekuzo. Ngokufunda amalebula nokwenza ucwaningo ungenza izinqumo ezifundile, ezinempilo lapho uthenga futhi usebenzisa imikhiqizo yezimonyo.