Ukuhlolwa kwe-Bipolar Disorder

-Delile

• Luthini uhlolo lokuhlola isifo se-bipolar?
• Imibuzo eyisampula kusuka ekuhlolweni kokuhlolwa kwesifo se-bipolar
• Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ozodinga ukuzithatha?
• Iyini imiphumela engaba khona yokuhlolwa kwesifo se-bipolar?
• Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa ze-bipolar disorder?
• Imithi
• Okunye ukungenelela kwezokwelapha
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo
• Imithi yokwelapha ekhaya
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukubuka konke

Isifo se-bipolar ngaphambili sasibizwa ngokuthi i-manic-depress disorder. Kuyisifo sobuchopho esidala ukuthi umuntu abhekane nokuphakama okwedlulele, futhi kwezinye izimo, isimo sengqondo esiphansi kakhulu. Lezi zinguquko zingathinta ikhono lomuntu lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Isifo se-bipolar yisimo sesikhathi eside esivame ukutholakala ebusheni sekwedlule isikhathi noma ebudaleni.

Ngokusho kweNational Institute of Mental Health, amaphesenti angu-4.4 abantu abadala baseMelika nezingane bayoba nenkinga yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo. Ochwepheshe abaqiniseki kahle ukuthi yini ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar. Umlando womndeni ungakhuphula ubungozi bakho.

Kubalulekile ukubona uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma usola ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukhombisa izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo. Ukwenza kanjalo kuzokusiza uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nokwelashwa okufanele.

Funda ukuze ubone ukuthi abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo nabasebenza ngezempilo yengqondo basithola kanjani lesi sifo.

Luthini uhlolo lokuhlola isifo se-bipolar?

Ukuhlolwa kwamanje kokuhlolwa kwesifo se-bipolar akusebenzi kahle. Umbiko ovame kakhulu yi-Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ).

Ocwaningweni lwango-2019, imiphumela ikhombise ukuthi abantu abathole amaphuzu amahle ku-MDQ kungenzeka babe nenkinga yobuntu emngceleni njengoba bebezophazamiseka yi-bipolar disorder.

Ungazama ukuhlolwa kwe-inthanethi uma usola ukuthi unenkinga yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kokuhlola kuzokubuza imibuzo ehlukahlukene ukunquma ukuthi ngabe uhlangabezana yini nezimpawu zeziqephu zomuntu noma zokudangala. Kodwa-ke, iningi lalezi zinsimbi zokuhlola “zikhule ekhaya” futhi kungenzeka zingabi yizinyathelo ezisemthethweni zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo.

Izimpawu zokushintsha kwemizwelo zifaka:

Lezi zivivinyo akufanele zithathe indawo yokuxilongwa ngobuchwepheshe. Abantu abenza ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kungenzeka ukuthi babhekane nezimpawu zokudangala kunesiqephu sendoda. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuxilongwa kwe-bipolar disorder kuvame ukunganakwa ukuxilongwa kokucindezeleka.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-bipolar 1 kudinga kuphela isiqephu somuntu. Umuntu one-bipolar 1 angahle noma angaze abhekane nesiqephu esikhulu sokucindezeleka. Umuntu one-bipolar 2 uzoba nesiqephu se-hypomanic esandulelwe noma silandelwe isiqephu esikhulu sokucindezeleka.

Funa usizo lwezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma wena noma omunye umuntu ehlangabezana nokuziphatha okungaholela ekuzilimaleni noma ekulimazeni abanye, noma ekubeni nemicabango yokuzibulala.

Imibuzo eyisampula kusuka ekuhlolweni kokuhlolwa kwesifo se-bipolar

Eminye imibuzo yokuhlola izobandakanya ukubuza ukuthi ngabe uke waba neziqephu zemania nokudangala, nokuthi zithinte kanjani imisebenzi yakho yosuku nosuku:

• Emasontweni amabili edlule, ngabe ubucindezeleke kangangoba ubungakwazi ukusebenza noma ukusebenza kanzima kuphela futhi uzizwe okungenani ezine kulokhu okulandelayo?
  • ukulahlekelwa yintshisekelo emisebenzini eminingi
  • shintsha ekudleni noma isisindo
  • inkathazo yokulala
  • ukucasuka
  • ukukhathala
  • ukungabi nathemba nokungabi nalusizo
  • inkinga yokugxila
  • imicabango yokuzibulala
• Ngabe unezinguquko ekuguqukeni kwemizwelo ezijikeleza phakathi kwezikhathi eziphezulu neziphansi, futhi zihlala isikhathi esingakanani lezi zikhathi? Ukunquma ukuthi iziqephu zihlala isikhathi esingakanani kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuthola ukuthi ngabe umuntu unenkinga ye-bipolar yangempela noma ukuphazamiseka kobuntu, okufana ne-borderline personality disorder (BPD).
• Ngesikhathi seziqephu zakho eziphakeme, ingabe uzizwa unamandla amakhulu noma unehyper kunalokho obuyozizwa ngezikhathi zokujwayelekile?

Uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo anganikeza ukuhlolwa okuhle kakhulu. Bazobheka futhi umugqa wesikhathi wezimpawu zakho, noma imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo, ezinye izifo, nomlando womndeni ukwenza ukuxilongwa.

Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ozodinga ukuzithatha?

Lapho uthola ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-bipolar, indlela ejwayelekile ukuqala ukukhipha ezinye izimo zezokwelapha noma ukuphazamiseka.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzo:

• yenza ukuhlolwa komzimba
• oda ukuhlolwa ukuhlola igazi lakho nomchamo
• buza ngemizwa yakho nokuziphatha kwakho kokuhlolwa kwengqondo

Uma umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo engayitholi imbangela yezokwelapha, bangakudlulisela kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo, njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo. Uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo anganikeza imithi yokwelapha lesi simo.

Ungathunyelwa futhi kusazi sezengqondo esingakufundisa amasu okusiza ukubona nokuphatha amashifu esimweni sakho sengqondo.

Indlela yokuphazamiseka kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo ikuhlelo olusha lweDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Ukuthola ukuxilongwa kungathatha isikhathi - noma izikhathi eziningi. Izimpawu zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo zivame ukugqagqana nalezo zokunye ukuphazamiseka kwempilo yengqondo.

Isikhathi sokushintsha kwemizwelo ye-bipolar asihlali sibikezela. Endabeni yokuhamba ngebhayisikili okusheshayo, izimo zomoya zingashintsha zisuka ekushayweni komqondo ziye ekucindezelekeni izikhathi ezine noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka. Othile futhi kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangabezana "nesiqephu esixubekile," lapho izimpawu zemania nokudangala zikhona ngasikhathi sinye.

Lapho imizwa yakho ishintshela kwi-mania, ungahle utholakale ukuncipha okungazelelwe kwezimpawu zokucindezeleka noma ngokuzumayo uzizwe umuhle futhi unamandla. Kepha kuzoba nezinguquko ezicacile kumazinga emizwelo, amandla, kanye nomsebenzi. Lezi zinguquko azihlali ziphazanyiswa njalo, futhi zingenzeka ngokuhamba kwamasonto ambalwa.

Ngisho nasendabeni yokuhamba ngebhayisikili okusheshayo noma iziqephu ezixubekile, ukuxilongwa kwe-bipolar kudinga ukuthi othile abhekane nakho:

• isonto lesiqephu se-mania (noma yisiphi isikhathi uma ulaliswe esibhedlela)
• Izinsuku ze-4 ngesiqephu se-hypomania
• isiqephu sokungenelela esihlukile sokudangala esihlala amaviki ama-2

Iyini imiphumela engaba khona yokuhlolwa kwesifo se-bipolar?

Kunezinhlobo ezine zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo, futhi inqubo ngayinye ihlukile kancane. Isazi sakho sezifo zengqondo, owelapha, noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sizokusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi uluphi uhlobo osuselwe ezivivinyweni zabo.

Okunye ukuphazamiseka okuchaziwe nokungachazwanga kwe-bipolar nokunye okuhlobene nakho kungolunye uhlobo lwesifo se-bipolar. Ungaba nalolu hlobo uma izimpawu zakho zingahlangabezani nezinhlobo ezintathu ezibalwe ngenhla.

Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa ze-bipolar disorder?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar kanye nezimpawu zayo ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside. Abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bavame ukubeka inhlanganisela yemithi, i-psychotherapy, kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ekhaya.

Imithi

Eminye imithi ingasiza ekuqiniseni isimo. Kubalulekile ukubika kaningi kubahlinzeki bakho bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela engemihle noma ungaboni ukuzinza ezimeni zakho. Eminye imithi ejwayelekile ebekiwe ifaka:

• okusimamisa imizwa, njenge-lithium (Lithobid), i-valproic acid (i-Depakene), noma i-lamaotrigine (i-Lamictal)
• ama-antipsychotic, njenge-olanzapine (iZyprexa), risperidone (Risperdal), quetiapine (Seroquel), ne-aripiprazole (Abilify)
• imishanguzo, njengePaxil
• i-antidepressant-antipsychotic, njenge-Symbyax, inhlanganisela ye-fluoxetine ne-olanzapine
• imishanguzo yokulwa nokukhathazeka, njenge-benzodiazepines (isb., valium, noma i-Xanax)

Okunye ukungenelela kwezokwelapha

Lapho imithi ingasebenzi, uchwepheshe wakho wezempilo yengqondo angancoma:

• Ukwelashwa kwe-Electroconvulsive (ECT). I-ECT ifaka imisinga kagesi edluliswa ebuchosheni ukuze kudaleke ukuquleka, okungasiza kukho konke ukucasuka kwengqondo nokudangala.
• I-Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). I-TMS ilawula imizwa yabantu abangaphenduli kuma-anti-depressants, noma kunjalo ukusetshenziswa kokuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar kusathuthuka futhi kudingeka izifundo ezengeziwe.

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo

I-Psychotherapy nayo iyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo. Kungenziwa kulungiselelwa umuntu ngamunye, umndeni, noma iqembu.

Amanye ama-psychotherapies angasiza angabandakanya:

• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT). I-CBT isetshenziselwa ukusiza ukufaka imicabango emibi nokuziphatha okuhle, ifunde ukubhekana nezimpawu, nokuphatha kangcono ukucindezeleka.
• Ukufundiswa kwengqondo. I-Psychoeducation isetshenziselwa ukukufundisa kabanzi ngesifo se-bipolar ukukusiza wenze izinqumo ezingcono ngokunakekelwa nokwelashwa kwakho.
• Ukwelashwa kwesigqi somuntu siqu kanye nomphakathi (IPSRT). I-IPSRT isetshenziselwa ukukusiza ukuthi wakhe inqubo engaguquguquki yansuku zonke yokulala, yokudla, nokuzivocavoca umzimba.
• Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma. Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kusetshenziselwa ukukusiza uveze imizwa yakho futhi uxoxe ngezinkinga zakho ubuso nobuso.

Imithi yokwelapha ekhaya

Olunye ushintsho lwendlela yokuphila lunganciphisa ukuqina kwemizwa nobuningi bebhayisikili.

Izinguquko zifaka ukuzama:

• ukungaphuzi utshwala nezidakamizwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa kabi
• gwema ubudlelwane obungenampilo
• uthole okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzivocavoca umzimba ngosuku
• thola okungenani amahora angu-7 kuya kwangu-9 okulala ubusuku ngabunye
• udle ukudla okunempilo, okulinganiselayo okunothe izithelo nemifino

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma imithi yakho kanye nezindlela zokwelapha zingazikhululi izimpawu zakho. Kwezinye izimo, ama-anti-depressants angenza izimpawu ze-bipolar zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Kunemithi yokwelashwa ehlukile yokwelapha ukusiza ukuphatha isimo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angakusiza ukuthi wakhe uhlelo lokwelashwa olusebenza kahle kuwe.