Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngobumpumputhe

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu zobumpumputhe?
• Izimpawu zobumpumputhe ezinganeni
• Yini ebangela ukungaboni?
• Izimbangela zobumpumputhe ezinganeni
• Ubani osengozini yokungaboni?
• Kutholakala kanjani ukungaboni?
• Ukuhlonza ukungaboni ezinganeni
• Belashwa kanjani ubumpumputhe?
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?
• Kungavinjelwa kanjani ukungaboni?

Ukubuka konke

Ubumpofu ukungakwazi ukubona noma yini, kufaka phakathi ukukhanya.

Uma ungaboni kancane, unokubona okulinganiselwe. Isibonelo, ungahle ube nombono wokufiphala noma ukungakwazi ukuhlukanisa ukwakheka kwezinto. Impumputhe ephelele kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukubona nhlobo.

Ubumpumputhe bezomthetho busho umbono okhubazeke kakhulu. Lokho umuntu onombono ojwayelekile angakubona kusuka ezinyaweni ezingama-200, umuntu ongaboni ngokomthetho angabona kusuka ezinyaweni ezingama-20 kuphela.

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ungazelele ulahlekelwa amandla okubona. Yiba nomuntu okuletha egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze athole ukwelashwa. Ungalindi ukuthi umbono wakho ubuye.

Ngokuya ngesizathu sobumpumputhe bakho, ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungakhulisa amathuba akho okubuyisa umbono wakho. Ukwelashwa kungabandakanya ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa.

Ziyini izimpawu zobumpumputhe?

Uma ungaboni ngokuphelele, awuboni lutho. Uma ungaboni kancane, ungahlangabezana nezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• umbono onamafu
• ukungakwazi ukubona ubujamo
• ukubona izithunzi kuphela
• ukungaboni kahle ebusuku
• umhubhe umbono

Izimpawu zobumpumputhe ezinganeni

Isistimu yokubuka yengane yakho iqala ukukhula esibelethweni. Ayakheki ngokugcwele kuze kube cishe neminyaka emibili ubudala.

Emasontweni ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ubudala, ingane yakho kufanele ikwazi ukugxilisa amehlo entweni bese ilandela ukunyakaza kwayo. Ngezinyanga ezi-4 ubudala, amehlo abo kufanele aqondaniswe kahle futhi angaphendukeli ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle.

Izimpawu zokukhubazeka okubonakalayo ezinganeni ezincane zingabandakanya:

• ukuhlikihlwa iso njalo
• ukuzwela ngokweqile ekukhanyeni
• ukugxila kabi
• ukubomvu kwamehlo okungapheli
• ukudabuka okungapheli emehlweni abo
• omhlophe esikhundleni somfundi omnyama
• ukulandelela okungaboni kahle, noma inkinga yokulandela into ngamehlo abo
• ukuqondaniswa kwamehlo okungajwayelekile noma ukunyakaza ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala

Yini ebangela ukungaboni?

Izifo zamehlo nezimo ezilandelayo kungadala ubumpumputhe:

• I-Glaucoma ibhekisa ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zamehlo ezingalimaza imizwa yakho ye-optic, ephethe imininingwane ebonakalayo evela emehlweni akho iye ebuchosheni bakho.
• Ukonakala kwe-Macular kuqeda ingxenye yeso lakho ekuvumela ukuthi ubone imininingwane. Imvamisa kuthinta abantu abadala asebekhulile.
• I-cataract idala ukungaboni kahle. Zivame kakhulu kubantu abadala.
• Iso elvilaphayo lingenza kube nzima ukubona imininingwane. Kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kombono.
• I-Optic neuritis ukuvuvukala okungadala ukulahleka kombono kwesikhashana noma unomphela.
• I-Retinitis pigmentosa isho ukulimala kwe-retina. Kuholela ekungaboni kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile.
• Izicubu ezithinta i-retina noma i-optic nerve nazo zingadala ukungaboni.

Ubumpumputhe buyinkinga engaba khona uma unesifo sikashukela noma unesifo sohlangothi. Ezinye izimbangela ezivamile zobumpumputhe zifaka:

• ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa
• ukulimala kweso
• izinkinga ezivela ekuhlinzweni kweso

Izimbangela zobumpumputhe ezinganeni

Izimo ezilandelayo zingaphazamisa ukubona noma zidale ubumpumputhe ezinganeni.

• izifo, njengeso elibomvana
• imigoqo yezinyembezi evinjiwe
• ngamehlo
• i-strabismus (amehlo awele)
• i-amblyopia (iso elvilaphayo)
• i-ptosis (ijwabu leso elichachambile)
• i-glaucoma yokuzalwa
• i-retinopathy ye-prematurity (ROP), eyenzeka ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi lapho imithambo yegazi enikezela i-retina yabo ingakakhuli ngokuphelele
• ukunganaki okubukwayo, noma ukubambezeleka kokukhula kohlelo lokubuka kwengane yakho

Ubani osengozini yokungaboni?

Le mikhakha elandelayo yabantu isengozini yokungaboni:

• abantu abanezifo zamehlo, njengokuwohloka kwe-macular ne-glaucoma
• abantu abanesifo sikashukela
• abantu abanesifo sohlangothi
• abantu abahlinzwa iso
• abantu abasebenza ngezinto ezisondele noma ezicijile noma amakhemikhali anobuthi
• izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Kutholakala kanjani ukungaboni?

Ukuhlolwa ngokuphelele kweso ngudokotela wamehlo kuzosiza ekutholeni imbangela yokungaboni kwakho noma ukulahleka kancane kombono.

Udokotela wamehlo wakho uzonikeza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezilinganisa:

• ukucaca kombono wakho
• ukusebenza kwemisipha yeso lakho
• ukuthi abafundi bakho basabela kanjani ekukhanyeni

Bazohlola impilo ejwayelekile yamehlo akho besebenzisa isibani esinqunyiwe. Yisibonakhulu esinamandla amancane esihlanganiswe nelambu elinamandla amakhulu.

Ukuhlonza ukungaboni ezinganeni

Udokotela wezingane uzohlola ingane yakho ngezinkinga zamehlo ngemuva nje kokuzalwa. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala, dokotela wamehlo noma udokotela wezingane ahlole ingane yakho futhi ukuthi ibukeke kahle yini, igxile, futhi iqondise iso.

Udokotela uzobheka izakhiwo zamehlo zengane yakho futhi abone ukuthi bangakwazi yini ukulandela into ekhanyayo noma enemibala ngamehlo abo.

Ingane yakho kufanele ikwazi ukunaka izinto ezibukwayo ngamaviki ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ubudala. Uma ingane yakho ingasabeli ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo emehlweni ayo noma igxile ezintweni ezimibalabala ngezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezi-3 ubudala, amehlo ayo ahlolwe ngaso leso sikhathi.

Ngabe amehlo engane yakho ahlolwe uma ubona amehlo awele noma ezinye izimpawu zokungaboni kahle.

Belashwa kanjani ubumpumputhe?

Kwezinye izimo zokukhubazeka kombono, okukodwa noma okuningi kokulandelayo kungasiza ekubuyiseni umbono:

• izibuko zamehlo
• amalensi wokuxhumana
• ukuhlinzwa
• imithi

Uma uhlangabezana nobumpumputhe obuncane obungalungiswa, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ukuholwa kokuthi ungasebenza kanjani ngombono olinganiselwe. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa ingilazi yokukhulisa ukufunda, wandise usayizi wombhalo kwikhompyutha yakho, futhi usebenzise amawashi alalelwayo namabhuku alalelwayo.

Impumputhe ephelele idinga ukusondela empilweni ngendlela entsha nokufunda amakhono amasha. Isibonelo, kungadingeka ukuthi ufunde ukuthi:

• funda iBraille
• sebenzisa inja yokuqondisa
• hlela ikhaya lakho ukuze uthole kalula izinto futhi uhlale uphephile
• phinda imali ngezindlela ezihlukile zokuhlukanisa amanani esikweletu

Ungacabanga nokuthola eminye imikhiqizo eguqukayo, njenge-smartphone ekhethekile, isihlonzi sombala, ne-cookware efinyelelekayo. Kukhona nemishini yezemidlalo eguquguqukayo, njengamabhola ebhola lezinyawo.

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Umbono wesikhathi eside womuntu wokubuyisela umbono nokunciphisa ukulahleka kombono kungcono lapho ukwelashwa kuvimbela futhi kufunwa ngokushesha.

Ukuhlinzwa kungalapha ngempumelelo i-cataract. Akubangeli ukuthi kube yimpumputhe. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwasekuqaleni nakho kubalulekile ezimweni ze-glaucoma kanye nokuwohloka kwe-macular ukusiza ukwehlisa ijubane noma ukumisa ukulahleka kombono.

Kungavinjelwa kanjani ukungaboni?

Ukuthola izifo zamehlo nokusiza ukuvimbela ukulahleka kombono, thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okujwayelekile. Uma uthola ukuxilongwa kwezimo ezithile zamehlo, njenge-glaucoma, ukwelashwa ngemithi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ubumpumputhe.

Ukusiza ukuvimbela ukulahleka kombono, i-American Optometric Association incoma ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo engane yakho:

• ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala
• eneminyaka engu-3 ubudala
• minyaka yonke phakathi kweminyaka engu-6 nengu-17 ubudala

Uma ubona izimpawu zokulahleka kombono phakathi kokuvakashelwa okuvamile, yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wamehlo ngokushesha.