Igazi Smear

-Delile

• Kungani kwenziwa i-blood smear?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze ngaphambi kokugcotshwa kwegazi?
• Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokugcotshwa kwegazi?
• Isho ukuthini imiphumela?

Kuyini i-blood smear?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusetshenziselwa ukubheka okungajwayelekile kumaseli egazi. Amaseli egazi amakhulu amathathu ukuhlolwa okugxile kuwo yile:

• amaseli abomvu, athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho wonke
• amaseli amhlophe, asiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nezifo nezinye izifo ezivuthayo
• ama-platelet, abalulekile ekunqandeni igazi

Ukuhlolwa kunikeza imininingwane ngenombolo nokwakheka kwalawa maseli, okungasiza odokotela ukuthola izifo ezithile zegazi noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.

Ukungahambi kahle kwenombolo noma ukuma kwamangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi kungathinta ukuthi umoya-mpilo uhamba kanjani egazini lakho. Lokhu kungahambi kahle kuvame ukubangelwa ukuntuleka kwamaminerali noma amavithamini, kepha futhi kungadalwa yizimo zezokwelapha ezizuzwe njengefa, njenge-sickle cell anemia.

Amaseli egazi amhlophe ayingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yomzimba yokuzivikela, okuyi-network yezicubu namaseli asiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka. Ukuba namaseli amhlophe amaningi kakhulu noma ambalwa kakhulu kungakhombisa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi. Ukuphazamiseka okuthinta lawa maseli kuvame ukudala ukungakwazi komzimba ukuqeda noma ukulawula izifo noma ezinye izinkinga zokuvuvukala.

Ukungajwayelekile kokuma noma inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi kungaba yizimpawu zesifo seplatelet. Ukuphazamiseka kweplatelet kuthinta ikhono legazi lakho lokujiya, okungaholela ekopheni ngokweqile noma isikhathi eside noma ekunqandeni igazi. Zivame ukuvela lapho umzimba ukhiqiza amaplatelet amaningi kakhulu noma ambalwa kakhulu.

Kungani kwenziwa i-blood smear?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-smear yegazi kuvame ukwenziwa ukuthola izimo ezibanga:

• i-jaundice engachazeki
• i-anemia engachazwanga (amazinga aphansi wamangqamuzana egazi abomvu ajwayelekile)
• ukulinyazwa okungajwayelekile
• izimpawu eziqhubekayo ezifana nemikhuhlane
• ukuncipha okungazelelwe kwesisindo
• ukutheleleka okungalindelekile noma okunzima
• ukuqubuka kwesikhumba noma ukusikeka
• ubuhlungu bamathambo

Udokotela wakho angalawula ukuhlolwa kwe-smear njalo uma welashelwa isimo esihlobene negazi.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze ngaphambi kokugcotshwa kwegazi?

Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kubalulekile ukuthi utshele udokotela wakho nganoma imuphi umuthi kadokotela noma imishanguzo yokuthenga, izithasiselo, namavithamini owathathayo njengamanje. Imithi ethile ingathinta imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa. Lokhu kufaka ama-NSAID, amanye ama-antibiotics, kanye ne-glucocorticosteroids.

Ngokwengeziwe, uma uhlala uthatha ukwelashwa kwe-anticoagulant, njenge-warfarin, (i-Coumadin), uzoba sengozini yokwanda kwegazi elihambisana nokudonsa kwegazi.

Kufanele futhi utshele udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezikhona, njenge-hemophilia. Ukuphazamiseka okuthile kwezokwelapha, ukumpontshelwa njalo komkhiqizo wegazi, nokuba khona kwezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wegazi kuzodala ukungajwayelekile kumphumela we-smear yegazi.

Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngalezi zindaba nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuba i-smear yegazi igweme iphutha elingahle libe khona lokuxilonga.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokugcotshwa kwegazi?

I-smear yegazi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula. I-phlebotomist, umuntu oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukudweba igazi, uqale ahlanze futhi abulale indawo yokujova nge-antiseptic. Bese bebopha ibhande ngenhla kwesayithi eliyingozi lapho kuzodonswa khona igazi lakho. Lokhu kwenza imithambo yakho ivuvukele igazi. Lapho sebethole umthambo, i-phlebotomist ifaka inaliti ngqo emthanjeni bese idonsa igazi.

Iningi labantu lizwa ubuhlungu obunzima lapho inaliti ingena kuqala, kodwa lokhu kuyaphela ngokushesha lapho kudonswa igazi. Kungakapheli nemizuzu embalwa, i-phlebotomist isusa inaliti bese ikucela ukuthi ufake ingcindezi esizeni nge-gauze noma ngebhola likakotini. Bese bemboza isilonda sokubhoboza ngebhandishi, ngemuva kwalokho ukhululekile ukuhamba.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyindlela enobungozi obuncane. Noma kunjalo, izingozi ezincane zifaka:

• ukuquleka emehlweni egazi ngenxa ye-vasovagal syncope
• isiyezi noma i-vertigo
• ukudabuka noma ububomvu endaweni yokubhoboza
• ukulinyazwa
• ukutheleleka

Isho ukuthini imiphumela?

I-smear yegazi ibhekwa njengejwayelekile lapho igazi lakho liqukethe inani elanele lamaseli futhi amaseli abukeka ngendlela ejwayelekile. I-smear yegazi ibhekwa njengokungajwayelekile uma kunokungajwayelekile ngosayizi, ukuma, umbala, noma inombolo yamaseli egazini lakho. Imiphumela engajwayelekile ingahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lweseli legazi elithintekile.

Ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kufaka:

• i-iron-defence anemia, ukuphazamiseka lapho umzimba ungakhiqizi amaseli abomvu ejwayelekile ngokwanele ngenxa yokushoda ngensimbi
• i-sickle cell anemia, isifo esizuzwe njengefa esenzeka lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi esesimeni esingajwayelekile senhlendla
• i-hemolytic uremic syndrome, evame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla
• i-polycythemia rubra vera, ukuphazamiseka okwenzeka lapho umzimba ukhiqiza inani eleqile lamaseli abomvu egazi

Ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene namaseli amhlophe egazi kufaka:

• i-leukemia enamandla noma engapheli, uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi
• i-lymphoma, uhlobo lomdlavuza oluthinta amasosha omzimba
• I-HIV, igciwane elithelela amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi
• ukutheleleka kwegciwane le-hepatitis C
• izifo ezithathelwanayo, njenge-pinworm
• izifo zokukhunta, njenge-candidiasis
• ezinye izifo ze-lymphoproliferative, kufaka phakathi i-myeloma eminingi

Ukuphazamiseka okuthinta amaplatelet kufaka:

• iziyaluyalu ze-myeloproliferative, iqembu lezinkinga ezibangela ukuthi amangqamuzana egazi akhule ngokungajwayelekile emnkantsheni wethambo
• i-thrombocytopenia, eyenzeka lapho inani lama-platelet liphansi kakhulu ngenxa yokutheleleka noma esinye isifo

I-smear yegazi ingakhombisa nezinye izimo, kufaka phakathi:

• isifo sesibindi
• isifo sezinso
• i-hypothyroidism

Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile nezingajwayelekile zingahluka phakathi kwamalebhu ngoba abanye basebenzisa izinsimbi noma izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlaziya isampula segazi. Kufanele uhlale uxoxa ngemiphumela yakho ngokuningiliziwe nodokotela wakho. Bazokwazi ukukutshela uma udinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.