Yini Ebangela Izindebe Zami Ezihlaza Okotshani?
-Delile
- Izimo ezidala izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezinezithombe
- Ukugula okuyingozi ezintabeni
- I-pneumonia yokuphefumula
- Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD)
- I-edema yamaphaphu
- Igciwane le-syncytial yokuphefumula (i-RSV)
- Ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula
- Ubuthi be-Carbon monoxide
- I-Emphysema
- Pneumothorax
- Embolism yamaphaphu
- ICyanosis
- I-Sickle cell anemia
- Isifuba Somoya
- I-tamponade yenhliziyo
- Isimo sikaRaynaud
- Izimbangela ezihambisanayo
- Ukuhlonza imbangela eyimbangela
- Ukwelapha izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- Izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinganeni
- Ungashayela nini u-911
- Umbono wezindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.
Izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ukuqhekeka kwesikhumba okungu-Bluish kungakhombisa ukungabi khona komoya-mpilo egazini. Kungakhombisa futhi uhlobo olungajwayelekile lwe-hemoglobin (iprotheni emangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi), njenge-sickle cell anemia.
I-cyanosis yigama lokusakazwa komoya-mpilo osegazini odala ukushintsha kombala okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-cyanosis emaphakathi ithinta izindebe, kepha ingathinta nolimi nesifuba.
Izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zingakhombisa uhlobo lwe-cyanosis olubangelwa amazinga aphansi e-oxygen kumaseli abomvu egazi. Izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nazo zingamela amazinga aphakeme wefomu engajwayelekile ye-hemoglobin egazini (kufana nokuqhamuka kwesikhumba okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).
Uma umbala ojwayelekile ubuya ngokufudumala noma ukubhucungwa, izindebe zakho azitholi igazi elanele. Izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungenzeka zingabi ngenxa yamakhaza, ukuqina, noma esinye isizathu. Uma izindebe zihlala ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, khona-ke kungahle kube nesifo esiyisisekelo noma ukungajwayelekile kwesakhiwo. Noma yikuphi kwalokhu kungaphazamisa amandla omzimba okuletha igazi elibomvu elinomoya-mpilo kuzo zonke izindawo.
Izimo ezidala izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezinezithombe
Izimo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zingadala izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Nazi izimbangela eziyi-15.
Isexwayiso: Izithombe zezithombe ngaphambili.
Ukugula okuyingozi ezintabeni
- Lokhu kugula kubangelwa amazinga aphansi e-oxygen nokwehla kwengcindezi yomoya etholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme
- Imvamisa, yenzeka cishe ngamamitha ayi-2 400 (amamitha angama-2,400) noma ngaphezulu ngenhla kolwandle
- Izimpawu ezimnene zifaka isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, izinhlungu zemisipha, ukuqwasha, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukucasuka, ukungathandi ukudla, ukuphefumula kanzima ngokuzikhandla, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, nokuvuvukala kwezandla, izinyawo nobuso
- Izimpawu ezinzima zingenxa yokuqoqwa kuketshezi emaphashini nasebuchosheni futhi kufaka phakathi ukukhwehlela, ukuminyana kwesifuba, ibala eliphaphathekile nokubala kwesikhumba, ukungakwazi ukuhamba noma ukungabi bhalansi, ukudideka nokuhoxa komphakathi
I-pneumonia yokuphefumula
- I-aspiration pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okubangelwa ukuhogela ngengozi ukudla, isisu esiswini, noma amathe emaphashini.
- Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abanekhono lokukhwehlela noma lokugwinya elingakhubazekile.
- Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula okuncane, ukuphefumula, ukukhathala, ubunzima bokugwinya, ukuphefumula kabi nokujuluka ngokweqile.
Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary pulmonary disease (COPD) yisifo samaphaphu esingapheli, esiqhubekayo esidalwa yisikhwama somoya nomonakalo womoya.
- Izimpawu zokuqala ze-COPD zimnene, kepha ziya ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Izimpawu zokuqala zifaka ukuphefumula ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuzivocavoca, ukukhwehlela okuncane kepha okuphindaphindayo, futhi udinga ukukhipha umphimbo kaningi, ikakhulukazi into yokuqala ekuseni.
- Ezinye izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukuphefumula okuncane, ngemuva kokuzivocavoca okuncane njengokuhamba ngezitebhisi zokundiza, ukuphefumula noma ukuphefumula okunomsindo, ukuqina kwesifuba, ukukhwehlela okungapheli noma ungenayo amafinyila, imikhuhlane ejwayelekile, umkhuhlane noma ezinye izifo zokuphefumula.
I-edema yamaphaphu
- I-edema ye-pulmonary yisimo lapho amaphaphu agcwala khona uketshezi.
- Ukwanda koketshezi emaphashini kuvimbela umoya-mpilo ukuba ungene egazini futhi kwenze kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumula.
- Kungabangelwa izimo ezahlukahlukene zezempilo, kepha abantu abanezimo zenhliziyo banengozi enkulu yokuthola i-edema yamaphaphu.
- Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukuphefumula okuncane lapho usebenza ngokomzimba, ukuphefumula kanzima lapho ulele phansi, ushaya isifuba, ukuzuza ngokushesha kwesisindo (ikakhulukazi emilenzeni), ukuvuvukala engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba nokukhathala.
Igciwane le-syncytial yokuphefumula (i-RSV)
- Igciwane lokuphefumula le-syncytial (RSV) yisifo esingalapheki sesikhumba esihamba ngemijikelezo yokubuna nokuphindaphinda.
- Ukubuyela emuva kungabangelwa ukudla ukudla okubabayo, ukuphuza iziphuzo ezidakayo, ukukhanya kwelanga, ukucindezeleka, noma ukuba namagciwane emathunjini i-Helicobacter pylori.
- Kunezinhlayiyana ezine ze-rosacea ezethula ngezimpawu ezahlukahlukene zobuso.
- Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zifaka ukuqhuma ebusweni, ukuphakama, izigaxa ezibomvu, ubomvu ebusweni, ukoma kwesikhumba nokuzwela kwesikhumba.
Ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula
Lesi simo sithathwa njengesiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Kungadingeka ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
- Ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula kuyindlela enzima, yokuvuvukala yokulimala kwamaphaphu okuholela ekuqoqeni okusheshayo koketshezi emaphashini.
- Uketshezi oluningi kakhulu emaphashini lwehlisa inani le-oxygen futhi lwenyuse inani le-carbon dioxide egazini, okuholela ekulimaleni kwezinye izitho.
- Izimo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zingadala i-ARDS, kufaka phakathi ukutheleleka okungathi sína, ukweqisa izidakamizwa, ukuhogela izinto ezinobuthi, noma ukuhlukumezeka esifubeni noma ekhanda.
- Izimpawu ze-ARDS zivame ukuvela phakathi kwamahora ayisithupha nezinsuku ezi-3 ngemuva kokugula noma ukulimala.
- Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukuphefumula kanzima nokusebenza kanzima, ukukhathala kwemisipha nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile, umfutho ophansi wegazi, isikhumba noma izinzipho ezishintshe umbala, umkhuhlane, ikhanda, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nokudideka.
Ubuthi be-Carbon monoxide
Lesi simo sithathwa njengesiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Kungadingeka ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
- ICarbon monoxide (CO) igesi engenaphunga futhi engenambala futhi edala ukuthi amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi angathwali umoya-mpilo kahle.
- Ukuhogela i-CO eningi kungaholela ekulimaleni kwesitho kusuka ku-oxygen encishisiwe.
- Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zobuthi be-CO ukuphathwa ikhanda, ubuthakathaka, ukulala ngokweqile, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukudideka, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.
- Kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha uma uvezwe emthonjeni we-CO, noma ungakhombisi izimpawu zobuhlungu be-CO.
I-Emphysema
- I-Emphysema ingenye yezimo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu eziwela ngaphansi kwegama lesambulela i-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Kubangelwa ukucekelwa phansi kwe-alveoli (amasaka omoya) emaphashini.
- Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukuphefumula okuncane nokukhwehlela, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma ukuzikhandla komzimba.
- Izimpawu ezinzima zifaka izindebe ezimpunga eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma izinzipho ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo.
Pneumothorax
Lesi simo sithathwa njengesiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Kungadingeka ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
- I-Pneumothorax ivela lapho umoya ungena esikhaleni esizungeze amaphaphu akho (isikhala sokuncenga).
- Ukushintsha kwengcindezi okubangelwa ukuvuleka esifubeni noma odongeni lwamaphaphu kungadala ukuthi iphaphu liwe futhi kufake ingcindezi enhliziyweni.
- Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo ze-pneumothorax yi-pneumothorax ehlukumezayo ne-nontraumatic pneumothorax.
- Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe, ukuqaqamba kwesifuba, ukuqina kwesifuba, ukuphefumula okuncane, ukujuluka okubandayo, i-cyanosis, ne-tachycardia enamandla.
Embolism yamaphaphu
Lesi simo sithathwa njengesiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Kungadingeka ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
- Lolu hlobo lwe-embolism luyafihla lapho ihlule legazi emthanjeni lihambela emaphashini bese liyabhajwa.
- Ukuqina kwegazi kuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ezingxenyeni zamaphaphu kubangele ubuhlungu nokuvimbela umoya-mpilo ukuthi ungangeni emzimbeni.
- Amahlule egazi avame ukudala ukubethelwa kwamaphaphu aqala njenge-vein thrombosis (DVT) ejulile emilenzeni noma okhalweni.
- Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-pulmonary embolism zibandakanya ukuphefumula okuncane, ukugwaza ubuhlungu besifuba lapho uthatha umoya ojulile, ukukhwehlela igazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, nesiyezi noma ukuquleka.
ICyanosis
Lesi simo sithathwa njengesiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Kungadingeka ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
- Lokhu kuguquka umbala okwesibhakabhaka kwesikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kubangelwa ukwehla kwe-oxygenation noma ukusakazeka kahle komzimba.
- Kungenzeka kwenzeke ngokushesha ngenxa yenkinga ebucayi yezempilo noma kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba isimo esingelapheki siba sibi kakhulu.
- Ukuphazamiseka okuningi kwezempilo okubandakanya inhliziyo, amaphaphu, igazi. noma ukusakazwa kwegazi kuzodala i-cyanosi.
- Izimbangela eziningi ze-cyanosis zinzima futhi kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi umzimba wakho awutholi i-oxygen eyanele.
I-Sickle cell anemia
- I-Sickle cell anemia yisifo sofuzo samangqamuzana egazi abomvu asenza sithathe inyanga ewucezu noma ukuma kwesikela.
- Amaseli egazi abomvu amile njengoSickle athanda ukuvaleleka ezitsheni ezincane, okuvimba igazi ukuthi lingafinyeleli ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba.
- Amaseli amise okwe -ickle abhujiswa ngokushesha kunamaseli abomvu amile okwejwayelekile, okuholela ekushoneni kwegazi.
- Izimpawu zifaka ukukhathala ngokweqile, isikhumba esikhanyayo nezinsini, ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo, ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu ezandleni nasezinyaweni, ukutheleleka okuvamile, kanye neziqephu zobuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, emhlane, ezingalweni noma emilenzeni.
Isifuba Somoya
- Lesi sifo samaphaphu esingapheli, esivuthayo senza ukuthi imigwaqo yomoya inciphe ekuphenduleni imicimbi ebangela.
- Ukuncipha kwe-Airway kungenzeka ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezifana nokugula ngegciwane, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, i-allergen, intuthu, noma iphunga elinamandla.
- Izimpawu zifaka ukukhwehlela okomile, ukushaya ngamandla, isifuba esiqinile, ukuphefumula okuncane, nokuphefumula kanzima.
- Izimpawu zesifuba somoya zingancishiswa noma zixazululwe ngokusebenzisa imithi yesifuba somoya.
I-tamponade yenhliziyo
Lesi simo sithathwa njengesiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Kungadingeka ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
- Kulesi simo esibucayi sezokwelapha, igazi noma olunye uketshezi kugcwalisa isikhala esiphakathi kwesaka esivala inhliziyo kanye nemisipha yenhliziyo.
- Ingcindezi ephuma kuketshezi oluzungeze inhliziyo ivimbela ama-ventricle enhliziyo ukuthi ande ngokugcwele futhi igcina inhliziyo ingashayi kahle.
- Ngokuvamile kungumphumela wokulimala okungena ku-pericardium.
- Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu besifuba obudonsela entanyeni, emahlombe, noma emuva nokungakhululeki okususwayo ngokuhlala noma ukuncika phambili.
- Imithambo evuvukile ebunzini, umfutho ophansi wegazi, ukuquleka, isiyezi, amakhaza, imiphetho eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi ezinye zezimpawu.
- Umuntu onalesi simo angaba nenkinga yokuphefumula noma ukuthatha umoya ojulile nokuphefumula okusheshayo.
Isimo sikaRaynaud
- Lesi yisimo lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya eminweni yakho, ezinzwaneni, ezindlebeni, noma ekhaleni kuvinjelwe noma kuphazanyiswa ama-vasospasms.
- Kungenzeka ngokuzimela noma kungahambisana nezimo zezokwelapha ezingaphansi kwesifo samathambo, isithwathwa, noma isifo se-autoimmune.
- Ukushintsha kombala okwesibhakabhaka noma okumhlophe kweminwe, izinzwane, izindlebe, noma ikhala kungenzeka.
- Ezinye izimpawu zifaka ukuba ndikindiki, ukuzwa amakhaza, ubuhlungu, kanye nokushoshozela ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezithintekile.
- Iziqephu zingahlala imizuzu embalwa noma zifike emahoreni amaningana.
Izimbangela ezihambisanayo
Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zezindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yimicimbi ekhawulela inani lomoya-mpilo ongena kuwo amaphaphu, kufaka phakathi:
- ukuvinjelwa kokuhamba komoya
- ukuminza
- ukukhwehlela ngokweqile
- ukuhogela intuthu
Isifo samaphaphu kanye nokuzalwa kwenhliziyo (okukhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa) kwenhliziyo nakho kungadala i-cyanosis nokuvela kwezindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izimbangela ezingavamile kakhulu zezindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zifaka phakathi i-polycythemia vera (ukuphazamiseka kwemnkantsha ebangela ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu amaningi) kanye ne-cor pulmonale (ukwehla kokusebenza kohlangothi lwangakwesokudla lwenhliziyo, okubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophezulu wesikhathi eside) . I-Septicemia, noma ubuthi begazi obubangelwa amagciwane, nakho kungaholela ezindebeni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zingahlotshaniswa nemibandela elandelayo:
- isifo sokuphefumula kwabantu abadala
- i-aspiration pneumonia
- isifuba somoya
- ubuthi be-carbon monoxide
- i-tamponade yenhliziyo, lapho inqwaba yegazi noma uketshezi ibeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe enhliziyweni
- isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD)
- emphysema
- i-edema yamaphaphu
- embolism yamaphaphu
- Isimo sikaRaynaud, esiholela ekwehliseni ukugeleza kwegazi eminweni, ezinzwaneni, ezindlebeni, nasekhaleni
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-syncytial virus (RSV)
- ukugula okunamandla kwezintaba
- umabhebhana
Izimo zezulu ezibandayo, ukuzivocavoca ngamandla, futhi "ukuvunguza" ngokuzikhandla komzimba kwesinye isikhathi kungadala ukuvela okwesibhakabhaka okwesikhashana ezindebeni.
Ukuhlonza imbangela eyimbangela
I-oximeter ye-pulse oximeter engavumelekile iyindlela elula yokukala umoya-mpilo wegazi. Kudonswa amagesi egazi okulinganisa ukukala umoya-mpilo nokuthola ezinye izinto ezingaba nomthelela ezindebeni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-oximeter ye-pulse iyakwazi ukunquma ukuminyana komoya-mpilo osegazini lakho ngokuqhathanisa ukuthi kungakanani "ukukhanya okubomvu" "nokukhanya kwe-infrared" okufakwa egazini lakho.
Thenga ama-oximeter we-pulse.
Kunezikhathi lapho i-oximeter ye-pulse ingeke idingeke ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela izindebe zakho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma usuvele utholakale une-asthma, i-emphysema, noma enye inkinga yokuphefumula, udokotela wakho mhlawumbe uzophetha zisuka nje ukuthi izindebe zakho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zibangelwa yileso simo.
Ukwelapha izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ukwelashwa kwezindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubandakanya ukukhomba nokulungisa imbangela eyimbangela nokubuyiselwa kokugeleza kwegazi elinomoya-mpilo ezindebeni. Lapho nje udokotela wakho esekutholile ukuxilongwa, enye yezinto eziningana kungenzeka:
Uma uthatha imishanguzo yegazi, i-beta-blockers, noma ama-thinner egazi, isilinganiso singadinga ukulungiswa. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubalwa kwamaseli wakho amhlophe egazi nokubala kwamaseli abomvu kuhlala kulinganisiwe.
Uma unesimo sokuphefumula njenge-emphysema noma i-COPD, kungenzeka ukuthi izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziyinkomba yokuthi isimo sakho sesibe sibi kakhulu. Kuleso simo, udokotela wakho angancoma ushintsho lwendlela yokuphila njengokuyeka ukubhema nokuqala uhlobo lokuzivocavoca oluzothuthukisa impilo yakho yokuphefumula nemithambo yegazi. kunganconywa.
Izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinganeni
I-cyanosis etholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezizungeze izindebe, izandla nezinyawo ibizwa ngokuthi i-acrocyanosis. Akuyona imbangela yokukhathazeka ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2. Kodwa-ke, uma ulimi, ikhanda, isifuba, noma izindebe ngokwazo zibonakala ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ingane idinga ukuhlolwa udokotela.
Izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemibili ubudala kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka ngegciwane le-syncytial virus (RSV). Yize ukutheleleka kwe-RSV kuvamile futhi iningi lezingane linalo leli gciwane esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kosuku lwayo lokuzalwa lwesi-2, ungacabangi ukuthi yilokhu okubangela ukushintsha kombala kwezindebe. Uma izindebe zengane yakho zishintshe umbala, qiniseka ukuthi udokotela wezingane uhlola ingane yakho.
Kwezinye izimo, izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zingakhombisa igazi elibucayi nesimo sokuphefumula. Kwezinye izimo, izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zibonisa ubuthi bamakhemikhali ngenxa yokufaka i-antifreeze noma i-ammonia. Kubalulekile ukuthi ingane yakho ithole ukuxilongwa okulungile ngaphambi kokuba iqale noma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa.
Ungashayela nini u-911
Shayela i-hotline yezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zihambisana nenye yalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- edonsa umoya
- ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
- ubuhlungu besifuba
- ajuluke ubala
- ubuhlungu noma ukuba ndikindiki engalweni, ezandleni, noma eminweni
- izingalo eziphaphathekile noma ezimhlophe, izandla, noma iminwe
- isiyezi noma ukuquleka
Uma izindebe zakho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zivela kungazelelwe futhi kungewona umphumela wokuzivocavoca kanzima noma isikhathi esichithwa ngaphandle, shayela usizo oluphuthumayo. Uma i-cyanosis ifika kancane kancane, yibheke futhi uhlele i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho jikelele uma inganciphi ngemuva kosuku noma ezimbili.
Umbono wezindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Uma kunesimo esingaphansi esidala ukuthi izindebe zakho zibonakale ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukushintsha kombala kuzophela uma imbangela isitholakele futhi yalungiswa. Isikhathi esizothatha ukuthi izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zinciphe ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, kuya ngokuthi yini ebanga lesi sibonakaliso.
Ukuqothuka kwezindebe akubonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi isimo esiphuthumayo, kodwa akusona isibonakaliso okufanele singanakwa.