Umsebenzi Wethambo: Kungani Sinamathambo?

-Delile

• Wenzani ithambo?
• Ukusekela
• Ukunyakaza
• Ukuvikelwa
• Ukukhiqizwa nokunakekelwa kwamangqamuzana egazi
• Isitoreji
• Izinhlobo ezi-5 zethambo
• Amathambo amade
• Amathambo amafushane
• Amathambo ayizicaba
• Amathambo angavamile
• Amathambo eSesamoid
• Izinhlobo zezicubu zamathambo
• Ihlangene
• Isiponji
• Izinhlobo zamangqamuzana amathambo
• Amaseli we-mesenchymal stem
• Osteoblasts
• Ama-osteocyte
• Osteoclasts
• Ukuthatha

Abantu bangama-vertebrate, okusho ukuthi sinekholomu yomgogodla, noma umgogodla.

Ngaphezu kwalowo mgogodla, futhi sinohlelo lwamathambo olunzulu olwakhiwe ngamathambo noqwanga kanjalo nemisipha nemisipha.

Ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngohlaka lomzimba wakho, amathambo asebenza neminye imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile, njengokuvikela izitho zakho zangaphakathi ekulimaleni nasekugcineni izakhamzimba ezibalulekile.

Funda ukuze uhlole imisebenzi ehlukahlukene nezinhlobo zamathambo.

Wenzani ithambo?

Amathambo asebenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile emzimbeni wakho, kufaka phakathi:

Ukusekela

I-Bone inikeza uhlaka oluqinile kanye nokusekelwa kwezinye izitho zomzimba wakho.

Isibonelo, amathambo amakhulu emilenze ahlinzeka ukwesekwa komzimba wakho ophezulu ngenkathi umile. Ngaphandle kwamathambo ethu, besingeke sibe nesimo esichaziwe.

Ukunyakaza

Amathambo nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekunyakazeni komzimba wakho, adlulisa amandla ezinciphiso zemisipha.

Imisipha yakho inamathisela emathanjeni akho ngemisipha. Lapho imisipha yakho ihlangana, amathambo akho asebenza njengesibindi ngenkathi amalunga akho enza iphuzu le-pivot.

Ukusebenzisana kwamathambo nemisipha kunomthelela ebangeni elihlukahlukene lokunyakaza umzimba wakho okwaziyo ukukwenza.

Ukuvikelwa

Amathambo akho avikela nezitho zakho zangaphakathi eziningi. Izibonelo ezinhle zalokhu zifaka phakathi indlela ubambo lwakho oluzungeze ngayo izitho ezifana nenhliziyo yakho namaphaphu noma ukuthi amathambo ogebhezi lwakho azungeze kanjani ubuchopho bakho.

Ukukhiqizwa nokunakekelwa kwamangqamuzana egazi

Amaseli amaningi egazi lakho - amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelets - akhiwa ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-hematopoiesis, futhi ivela engxenyeni yomnkantsha wakho obizwa ngokuthi umnkantsha obomvu.

Isitoreji

Amaminerali abalulekile, njenge-calcium ne-phosphorus, agcinwa ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho. Lapho umzimba wakho udinga ezinye zalezi zinsiza, zingakhishwa zibuyele egazini lakho ukuze zisetshenziswe.

Ngaphezu komnkantsha obomvu, amathambo aqukethe nolunye uhlobo lomnkantsha obizwa ngokuthi umongo ophuzi. Yilapho kugcinwa khona izicubu ezithile zamafutha. Amafutha akulesi sicubu angadilizwa asetshenziselwe amandla uma kudingeka.

Izinhlobo ezi-5 zethambo

Amathambo omzimba wakho ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezihlukene ezinhlanu kuya ngesimo nokusebenza kwawo.

Amathambo amade

Njengoba igama labo lisho, amathambo amade made kunebanzi. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:

• i-femur (ithambo lethanga)
• i-humerus (ithambo lengalo ephezulu)
• amathambo eminwe nezinzwane zakho

Umsebenzi wamathambo amade ugxile ekusekeleni isisindo somzimba wakho kanye nokwenza lula ukuhamba komzimba wakho.

Amathambo amafushane

Amathambo amafushane anezilinganiso ezilinganayo kakhulu futhi acishe alolongeke njengekhiyubhu. Izibonelo zingatholakala emathanjeni ezihlakala nasemaqakaleni.

Amathambo amafushane ahlinzeka ngozinzo esihlakaleni nasemalungeni amaqakala futhi asiza nokwenza ukunyakaza okuthile.

Amathambo ayizicaba

Amathambo amaflat empeleni awasicaba, kepha mancane futhi agobile kancane. Izibonelo zamathambo acabalele zifaka phakathi:

• amathambo e-cranial
• i-scapula (ithambo lehlombe)
• izimbambo

Amathambo ayizicaba avame ukusebenzela ukuvikela izitho zakho zangaphakathi. Cabanga ngokuthi amathambo akho e-cranial azungeze kanjani ubuchopho bakho ngokuqinile.

Amathambo ayizicaba nawo angasebenza njengezindawo zokunamathisela kwemisipha yakho. Ithambo lakho lehlombe liyisibonelo esihle salokhu.

Amathambo angavamile

Amathambo angajwayelekile omzimba wakho anezimo ezahlukahlukene ezivame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi. Izibonelo zifaka:

• amathambo
• amathambo okhalo
• amathambo amaningi obuso bakho

Njengamathambo acabalele, umsebenzi wamathambo angajwayelekile ukuvikela izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wakho. Isibonelo, ama-vertebrae akho avikela umgogodla wakho.

Amathambo eSesamoid

Amathambo eSesamoid mancane futhi ayindingilizi. Zitholakala kuwo wonke umzimba, ikakhulukazi ezandleni, ezinyaweni, nasemadolweni.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukubekwa kwabo kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu. I-patella (i-kneecap) iyisibonelo sethambo le-sesamoid elivelele emzimbeni.

AmaSesamoid ngamathambo akha ngaphakathi kwethenda namathambo azungezwe imisipha, exhuma imisipha nethambo. Zisiza ukuvikela imisipha ekonakaleni nasekudambiseni ingcindezi lapho kusetshenziswa ilunga.

Banikeza inzuzo yemishini emisipheni nasemisipheni lapho zitholakala khona.

Izinhlobo zezicubu zamathambo

Amathambo akho akhiwe izinhlobo ezimbili zezicubu.

Ihlangene

Ithambo elihlangene liyigobolondo elingaphandle lethambo. Yenziwe ngezendlalelo eziningi ezipakishwe eduze zezicubu zamathambo.

Ithambo elihlanganisiwe liqukethe umsele omaphakathi ogijima ubude bethambo, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi umsele waseHaversian. Imisele yaseHaversian ivumela imithambo yegazi nezinye izinzwa ukuthi zingene ethanjeni.

Isiponji

Ithambo lesiponji aliminyene njengethambo elihlangene futhi libukeka kakhulu njengezinyosi zezinyosi. Iqukethe izimbotshana ezibamba umnkantsha obomvu noma ophuzi.

Ithambo lesiponji nalo libalulekile ekuhambeni. Ukube zonke izicubu zakho zethambo bezihlangene, cishe ubuyoba nzima kakhulu ukuhambisa! Ithambo lesiponji lisiza futhi ekutholeni ukushaqeka nengcindezi ekuhambeni.

Izinhlobo zamangqamuzana amathambo

Kunezinhlobonhlobo zamaseli ahlukene akhona emathanjeni akho.

Amaseli we-mesenchymal stem

Lawa ngamangqamuzana esiqu atholakala emathanjeni akho. Bangakhula babe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaseli, kufaka phakathi ama-osteoblasts.

Osteoblasts

Lawa maseli avela kumaseli we-mesenchymal stem. Basebenza ukufaka i-collagen namaminerali ekugcineni okuzokwakha ithambo elivuthiwe.

Lapho sebekufezile lokhu, ama-osteoblast angaba yiseli ebusweni bethambo, akhule abe yi-osteocyte, noma afe ngenqubo yemvelo ebizwa nge-apoptosis.

Ama-osteocyte

Ama-osteocyte abhajwe ngaphakathi kwezicubu zethambo futhi angohlobo lweseli oluvame kakhulu ezicutshini zamathambo ezivuthiwe. Baqapha izinto ezinjengokuxineka, ubukhulu bamathambo, nokuqukethwe kwezakhi.

Kubalulekile futhi ukusayina ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwamathambo, inqubo yokubuyiselwa kwamathambo nokukhiqizwa kwezicubu ezintsha zethambo ezingalandela.

Osteoclasts

Ama-osteoclasts amangqamuzana amakhulu. Bakhipha izinhlobonhlobo zama-ion nama-enzyme avumela izicubu zamathambo ukuthi ziphinde zenziwe kabusha. Okubhalwe kabusha kungasetshenziswa ukudala izicubu ezintsha zethambo.

Ukuthatha

Amathambo akho enza okungaphezulu kakhulu kokunikeza ukusekelwa komzimba wakho. Zenza lula ukunyakaza, zivikele izitho zangaphakathi, futhi zibalulekile ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana egazi nokugcinwa kwezakhi.

Amathambo akho ahlukaniswa ngosayizi nokusebenza kwawo. Ngaphakathi, amathambo aqukethe izicubu namaseli ahlukahlukene. Zonke lezi zinto zisebenza ngokubambisana ukwenza amathambo akho abe izicubu zemisebenzi eminingi.