Kuyini Isifuba Somoya Esibuhlungu?

-Delile

• Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-asthma brittle?
• Thayipha 1
• Thayipha 2
• Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zesifuba somoya esibuhlungu?
• Sifo i-brittle asthma sitholakala kanjani?
• Ilawulwa kanjani i-asthma?
• Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa
• Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni
• Uyini umbono wakho nge-brittle asthma?
• Amathiphu wokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya

Ukubuka konke

I-brittle asthma iyindlela engavamile yesifo somoya esibucayi. Igama elithi "brittle" lisho ukuthi kunzima ukulawula. Isifuba somoya esibizwa ngokuthi i-Brittle asthma sibizwa nangokuthi i-asthma engazinzile noma engalindelekile ngoba ingavele ivele ibe yisifo esisongela impilo.

Ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezinzima kakhulu ze-asthma, i-brittle asthma ivame ukumelana nemithi ejwayelekile, njenge-corticosteroids ehogelwayo. Kungasongela impilo, futhi kubandakanya ukuvakashelwa odokotela abaningi, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, kanye nemithi kunezinye izinhlobo zesifuba somoya.

I-brittle asthma ithinta cishe amaphesenti angu-0.05 abantu abane-asthma. Akubona bonke odokotela abavumelana nokusetshenziswa kwalesi sigaba, njengoba abanye abantu abane-asthma abanezimpawu ezilawulwayo besengathola ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya okusongela impilo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-asthma brittle?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-asthma e-brittle. Zombili zinzima, kepha zinamaphethini ahluke kakhulu obukhali.

Thayipha 1

Lolu hlobo lwesifuba somoya olubabazekayo lubandakanya izikhathi zokuphefumula nsuku zonke nokuhlaselwa okungazelelwe okujwayelene kakhulu. Ukuphefumula kukalwa ngokuya kwe-peak expiratory flow (PEF).Ukuze utholakale unalesi simo, kuzodingeka ube nokuhlukahluka okubanzi nsuku zonke ekuphefumuleni ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50 wesikhathi esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezinhlanu.

Abantu abane-type 1 nabo bavame ukuba namasosha omzimba angasebenzi kahle futhi bangaba sengozini yokutheleleka ngokuphefumula. Abantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50 abane-asthma yohlobo 1 olunama-brittle futhi bane-allergies yokudla kukolweni nemikhiqizo yobisi. Ungadinga futhi ukufakwa esibhedlela kaningi ukuze uzinze izimpawu zakho.

Thayipha 2

Ngokungafani nohlobo 1 lwe-asthma brittle, lolu hlobo lwe-asthma lungalawulwa kahle yimithi isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, lapho kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya okuyingozi, kuzovela kungazelelwe, imvamisa kungakapheli amahora amathathu. Ungahle ungakwazi ukukhomba noma yiziphi izimbangela ezibonakalayo.

Lolu hlobo lokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya ludinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha, imvamisa kubandakanya ukwesekwa komoya. Kungasongela impilo uma kungelashwa ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zesifuba somoya esibuhlungu?

Izimbangela zesifuba somoya ezinzima azaziwa, kodwa kunezici ezithile zobungozi eziye zatholakala. Izici eziningi zobungozi be-asthma e-brittle ziyefana nalezi zezinhlobo ze-asthma ezingaphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isimo somsebenzi wakho wamaphaphu, ukuthi uphethwe yisifuba somoya isikhathi esingakanani, kanye nobukhulu bokungezwani komzimba kwakho.

Ukuba ngowesifazane ophakathi kweminyaka engu-15 nengama-55 kwandisa ingozi yokuba nohlobo lwesifuba somoya olubuhlungu. Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifuba somoya olubonakalayo lubonakala ngokulinganayo kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zesifuba somoya zihlanganisa:

• ukukhuluphala, okuvame ukuhambisana nokuphefumula kokulala
• ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile, kufaka phakathi ukumelana nemithi ethile yesifuba somoya
• ukuvezwa kwemvelo kokungezwani komzimba, okufana nezibungu zothuli, amaphela, isikhunta, ikati dander, namahhashi
• ukungezwani kokudla, kufaka phakathi ukungezwani komzimba nemikhiqizo yobisi, ukolweni, inhlanzi, ezisawolintshi, iqanda, amazambane, isoya, amakinati, imvubelo noshokoledi
• ukubhema ugwayi
• izifo zokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni
• i-sinusitis, ethinta abantu abangamaphesenti angama-80 abane-asthma enamandla
• izifo ezifana ne-mycoplasma ne-chlamydia
• izivikeli mzimba ezingasebenzi kahle
• izinguquko zesakhiwo ezindleleni zomoya
• izici ezingokwengqondo, kufaka phakathi ukucindezeleka

Ubudala futhi bungaba yingozi. Kokunye ukuhlola kwabantu abangama-80 abane-asthma ebucayi, okubandakanya i-brittle asthma, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi:

• cishe ababili kwabathathu babahlanganyeli baba nesifuba somoya ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-12
• ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yaba nesifuba somoya ngemuva kweminyaka engu-12
• Amaphesenti angama-98 ababambiqhaza bokuqala anezimpendulo ezinhle zokungezwani komzimba
• amaphesenti angama-76 kuphela abahlanganyeli abafika sekwedlule isikhathi ababenokuphendula okuhle kokungezwani komzimba
• abantu abane-asthma yokuqala ekuqaleni babe nomlando womndeni we-eczema ne-asthma
• Abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-asthma yokuqala

Ukuthi lezi zinto zinikela kanjani ku-brittle asthma kuyisihloko sezifundo zocwaningo eziqhubekayo.

Sifo i-brittle asthma sitholakala kanjani?

Ukuze utholakale une-asthma e-brittle, udokotela wakho uzokuhlola ngokomzimba, alinganise ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho ne-PEF, abuze ngezimpawu nomlando womndeni. Kumele futhi bakhiphe ezinye izifo ezingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho, njenge-cystic fibrosis.

Ubukhulu bezimpawu zakho nempendulo yakho ekwelashweni kuzodlala indima enkulu ekuxilongweni.

Ilawulwa kanjani i-asthma?

Ukuphatha isifuba somoya esibuhlungu kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kudinga indlela yomuntu ngamunye yomuntu ngamunye. Udokotela wakho uzobuye axoxe ngezinkinga ezinkulu ezingavela kulesi simo. Bangakweluleka ngokuthi uhlangane nomeluleki wesifuba somoya noma iqembu ukuze usiqonde kangcono isifo nokwelashwa.

Udokotela wakho uzokwelapha futhi aqaphe noma yiziphi izifo ezihambisana nazo ongaba nazo, njenge-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (GERD), ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, noma ukuvimbela ukuphefumula kokulala. Bazophinda futhi baqaphe ukuxhumana phakathi kwezindlela zokwelashwa kwalezi zifo kanye nesifuba sakho somoya.

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-brittle asthma kungafaka inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa, njenge:

• i-corticosteroids ehogelwe
• ama-beta agonists
• izinguquko ze-leukotriene
• i-theophylline yomlomo
• i-tiotropium bromide

Azikho izifundo zesikhathi eside zokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezihlanganisiwe, ngakho-ke udokotela wakho uzoqapha impendulo yakho. Uma i-asthma yakho ilawulwa ukwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe, udokotela wakho angahle alungise imishanguzo yakho ngemithamo ephansi kakhulu esebenzayo.

Abanye abantu abane-asthma e-brittle bayamelana nama-corticosteroids ahogelwayo. Udokotela wakho angazama i-corticosteroids emuncu noma anikeze ukusetshenziswa kwazo kabili ngosuku. Udokotela wakho angazama futhi i-corticosteroids yomlomo, kepha lokhu kunemiphumela emibi, efana ne-osteoporosis, futhi idinga ukubhekwa.

Udokotela wakho futhi angancoma ukwelashwa okulandelayo ngaphezu kwe-steroids:

• Ama-antibiotic e-Macrolide. Imiphumela evela ekuboniseni ukuthi i-clarithromycin (i-Biaxin) inganciphisa ukuvuvukala, kepha kudingeka olunye ucwaningo.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-anti-fungal. kukhombisa ukuthi i-itraconazole yomlomo (i-Sporanox), ethathwa kabili ngosuku amasonto ayisishiyagalombili, ithuthukisa izimpawu.
• I-anti-immunoglobulin E e-recombinant monoclonal. I-Omalizumab (i-Xolair), enikezwa njalo ngenyanga ngaphansi kwesikhumba, inomphumela omuhle ebukhali bezimpawu nekhwalithi yempilo. Lo muthi uyabiza futhi ungadala imiphumela emibi.
• I-Terbutaline (iBrethine). Le agonist ye-beta, enikezwa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma ihogelwe, ikhonjisiwe ukuthi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kwezinye izifundo zokwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni

Ezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa zingasiza ekunciphiseni ubunzima bezimpawu kwabanye abantu abangaphenduli kahle ekwelashweni okujwayelekile. Lezi izindlela zokwelashwa ezibhekene nokuhlolwa komtholampilo:

• Umthamo owodwa we-triamcinolone ye-intramuscular. Ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa, lokhu kwelashwa kubonakale kunciphisa ukuvuvukala kubantu abadala kanye nenani lezinkinga zesifuba somoya ezinganeni.
• Izindlela zokwelapha ezilwa nokuvuvukala, njenge-tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors. Kwabanye abantu, le mithi yohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba.
• Ama-immunosuppressive agents afana ne-cyclosporin A. Abanye babakhombisa ukuthi banemiphumela ezuzisayo.
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha eziguqula amasosha omzimba, njengemithi yokugoma i-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), isezifundweni zokuqala zokwelashwa futhi zibonisa isithembiso njengezindlela zokwelapha zesikhathi esizayo.

Uyini umbono wakho nge-brittle asthma?

Isihluthulelo sokuphatha i-asthma e-brittle ngempumelelo ukwazi izimpawu zokuhlaselwa okunamandla futhi wazi izimbangela zakho. Ukuthola usizo oluphuthumayo kungasindisa impilo yakho.

Uma unohlobo lwe-2, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-EpiPen yakho ekuboneni kokuqala kokucindezeleka.

Ungahle ufune ukubamba iqhaza eqenjini lokusekelwa labantu abane-brittle asthma. I-Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America ingakuxhumanisa namaqembu osizo endawo.

Amathiphu wokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya

Kunezinto ongazenza ukusiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya:

• Nciphisa uthuli lwasendlini ngokuhlanza njalo, futhi ufake isifihla-ndlela ukuze uzivikele othulini njengoba uhlanza.
• Sebenzisa i-air conditioner noma zama ukugcina amawindi evaliwe ngesikhathi se-pollen.
• Gcina izinga lomswakama lilungile. I-humidifier ingasiza uma uhlala endaweni eyomile.
• Sebenzisa izembozo zokuqinisekisa uthuli emiqamelweni nakuma-matilasi wakho ukunciphisa izibungu zothuli egumbini lokulala.
• Qeda ukhaphethi lapho kungenzeka khona, bese uhlanza noma ugeze amakhethini nemibala.
• Lawula isikhunta ekhishini nasendlini yokugezela, futhi usule igceke lakho lamaqabunga nezinkuni ezingakhulisa isikhunta.
• Gwema i-pet dander. Kwesinye isikhathi isihlanza umoya singasiza. Ukugeza isilwane sakho esinoboya njalo kuzosiza ukugcina ukudonsa phansi.
• Vikela umlomo wakho namakhala lapho ungaphandle emakhazeni.