Ungafa Ngumkhuhlane?

-Delile

• Bafa kanjani abantu ngenxa yomkhuhlane?
• Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokubulawa ngumkhuhlane?
• Ungazivikela kanjani izinkinga ezivela kumkhuhlane
• Okubalulekile

Bangaki abantu ababulawa ngumkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane wonyaka ukutheleleka ngegciwane okuvame ukuqala ukusabalala ekwindla bese kushaya inani eliphakeme phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika. Ingaqhubeka kuze kube sentwasahlobo - kuze kube ngoMeyi - futhi ivame ukuhlakazeka ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Ngenkathi izimo eziningi zomkhuhlane zixazulula zodwa, umkhuhlane ungasongela impilo uma kuvela izinkinga ezifana ne-pneumonia eceleni kwawo.

I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ilinganisela ukuthi kube nerekhodi eliphezulu e-United States ngesizini ka-2017-2018.

Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukulandelela ngokunembile ukuthi mangaki amacala omkhuhlane unyaka ngamunye aholela ekufeni okuvela ezinkingeni. Amazwe akudingeki ukuthi abike ukutholakala komkhuhlane kubantu abadala ku-CDC, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ukufa kwabantu abadala okuhambisana nomkhuhlane kungabikwa ngaphansi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abadala abavame ukuhlolelwa umkhuhlane lapho begula, kodwa kunalokho bathola ukuthi banesimo esihambisanayo.

Bafa kanjani abantu ngenxa yomkhuhlane?

Abantu bavame ukwenza umkhuhlane umkhuhlane omubi, ngoba izimpawu zomkhuhlane zilingisa umkhuhlane. Lapho ubanjwa umkhuhlane, ungahle uhlangane nokukhwehlela, ukuthimula, ikhala eligobayo, izwi elihoshozelayo, nomphimbo obuhlungu.

Kepha umkhuhlane ungadlulela ezimweni ezifana ne-pneumonia, noma wenze izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu njengezinye izifo ezingelapheki zamaphaphu (COPD) kanye nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo okucinana, okungasongela impilo ngokushesha.

Umkhuhlane ungaholela ngqo ekufeni lapho igciwane lidala ukuvuvukala okukhulu emaphashini. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungadala ukwehluleka okuphefumulayo okusheshayo ngoba amaphaphu akho awakwazi ukuhambisa umoya-mpilo owanele emzimbeni wonke wakho.

Umkhuhlane ungadala nokuthi ubuchopho bakho, inhliziyo, noma imisipha yakho ivuvuke. Lokhu kungaholela ku-sepsis, isimo esiphuthumayo esingaba yingozi uma singelashwa ngokushesha.

Uma uhlakulela ukutheleleka kwesibili ngenkathi unomkhuhlane, lokho kungadala nokuthi izitho zakho zihluleke. Ama-bacteria avela kulolo gciwane angangena egazini lakho futhi abangele i-sepsis, futhi.

Kubantu abadala, izimpawu zezinkinga zomkhuhlane ezisongela ukuphila zifaka:

• ukuzwa uphelelwa umoya
• inkinga yokuphefumula
• ukudideka
• ngizwe ngesiyezi ngokuzumayo
• ubuhlungu besisu obunzima
• ubuhlungu esifubeni
• ukuhlanza okukhulu noma okuqhubekayo

Izimpawu ezisongela impilo ezinganeni zifaka:

• izinga lokushisa liphakeme kuno-100.3˚F (38˚C) ezinganeni izinyanga ezintathu noma ngaphansi
• ukunciphisa ukukhishwa komchamo (hhayi ukumanzisa amanabukeni amaningi)
• ukungakwazi ukudla
• ukungakwazi ukukhipha izinyembezi
• isithuthwane

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane ophuthumayo ezinganeni ezincane zifaka:

• ukucasuka nokwala ukubanjwa
• ukungakwazi ukuphuza ngokwanele, okuholela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni
• ukuphefumula ngokushesha
• ukuqina noma ubuhlungu entanyeni
• ukuphathwa yikhanda okungancishiswa ngokunciphisa izinhlungu ezithengiswayo
• inkinga yokuphefumula
• i-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhumbeni, esifubeni, noma ebusweni
• ukungakwazi ukuhlanganyela
• ubunzima bokuvuka
• isithuthwane

Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abekiwe engozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga - futhi mhlawumbe nokufa - ngenxa yomkhuhlane.

Lapho amasosha akho omzimba ebuthakathaka, maningi amathuba okuthi uthole amagciwane nokutheleleka ngendlela ebucayi kakhulu. Futhi umzimba wakho uzoba nesikhathi esinzima hhayi kuphela ukulwa nalokho, kodwa futhi nokulwa nanoma yikuphi ukutheleleka okulandelayo okungavela.

Isibonelo, uma usuvele unayo i-asthma, isifo sikashukela, isifo se-autoimmune, isifo samaphaphu, noma umdlavuza, ukuthola umkhuhlane kungadala ukuthi lezo zimo zibe zimbi kakhulu. Uma unesimo sezinso, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yomkhuhlane kungadabukisa ukusebenza kwezinso zakho.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokubulawa ngumkhuhlane?

Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 (ikakhulukazi ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili) kanye nabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu zisengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezinzima ezivela emkhuhlaneni, ukulaliswa esibhedlela nokufa. Abanye abantu abasengozini enkulu yokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane bahlanganisa:

• izingane ezineminyaka engu-18 nangaphansi ezithatha imishanguzo esuselwa ku-aspirin- noma i-salicylate
• abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abangaphansi kwamasonto amabili ngemuva kokubeletha
• noma ngubani ohlangabezana nokugula okungalapheki
• abantu abaye bahlehlisa amasosha omzimba
• abantu abahlala ekunakekelweni isikhathi eside, izindawo zokuhlala ezisizwayo, noma amakhaya asebekhulile
• abantu abane-BMI engama-40 noma ngaphezulu
• abamukeli bezitho zomzimba abathatha imishanguzo yokulwa nokwaliwa
• abantu abahlala eduze (njengamalungu empi)
• abantu abane-HIV noma i-AIDS

Abantu abadala abangama-65 kuya phezulu, kufaka phakathi asebekhulile, banamathuba amaningi okuba nokugula okungalapheki noma amasosha omzimba abe buthakathaka futhi bathambekele ekungenelweni izifo ezifana nenyumoniya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingane zivame ukuba sethubeni lokuba nempendulo engaphezulu yokuzivikela ezifweni zomkhuhlane ezingakaze zitholakale kuzo ngaphambili.

Ungazivikela kanjani izinkinga ezivela kumkhuhlane

Abantu abagula umkhuhlane bangehlisa amathuba abo okuba nezinkinga ngokuba baqaphe kakhulu izimpawu ababhekene nazo. Isibonelo, ukuzwa ukuphefumula akuyona uphawu olujwayelekile lomkhuhlane.

Uma unemfuluwenza futhi uqhubeka nokuba mubi kakhulu kunokuba ngcono, lokho kuyinkomba enhle ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokubona udokotela wakho.

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane kufanele zihlale isonto kuphela, futhi kufanele ukwazi ukuzinciphisa ngokwelashwa ekhaya. Ukuthatha imishanguzo yokuthenga imfiva emzimbeni, ubuhlungu bomzimba, nokuminyana kufanele kusebenze. Kodwa-ke, akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ngenkathi amagciwane amaningi eqhuba izifundo zawo ngokwawo, akufanele uzame ukulinda izimpawu eziya ziba zimbi kakhulu. Ukululama ngokuphelele emkhuhlane kwesinye isikhathi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa, kanye noketshezi oluningi nokuphumula.

Uma umkhuhlane utholakale kusenesikhathi, udokotela wakho angakunikeza nemithi elwa namagciwane efushanisa ubude bezimpawu zakho.

Okubalulekile

Ngenkathi umkhuhlane ngokuvamile ungasongeli impilo, kungcono ukuba sohlangothini oluphephile.

Ungathatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela emkhuhlaneni, njengokugeza izandla zakho ngamanzi afudumele, anensipho. Gwema ukuthinta umlomo, amehlo, noma ikhala lakho, ikakhulukazi uma uphumele obala ngesikhathi somkhuhlane.

Ithuba lakho elihle lokuvimbela umkhuhlane ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane njalo ngonyaka, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi somkhuhlane.

Eminye iminyaka iyasebenza kakhulu kuneminye, kepha akukaze kube buhlungu ukuba noqweqwe olungeziwe lokuvikelwa kulokho okuba yisifo esisongela impilo sezinkulungwane zabantu minyaka yonke. Njalo ngonyaka, kufakwa izingcindezi ezifika kwezine kulo mgomo.

Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane kusiza nokuvikela abantu obathandayo ekungenweni umkhuhlane kuwe. Ngenkathi ungahle ube nempilo, ungabanjwa umkhuhlane bese ngokungafanele uwudlulisele kumuntu ongakwazi ukuzivikela.

I-CDC incoma imishanguzo yokugomela umkhuhlane kuwo wonke umuntu omdala kunezinyanga eziyisithupha. Njengamanje kunezinhlobo ezijojowe zomuthi wokugoma kanye nesifutho samakhala esidonsa ngaphakathi.