Umdlavuza endunu: uyini, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu zomdlavuza wendunu
• Kunjani ukuxilongwa
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wendunu

Umdlavuza endunu, obizwa nangokuthi umdlavuza wangemuva, wuhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile olubonakala kakhulu ukuphuma kwegazi nobuhlungu bendunu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwamathumbu. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50, abaya ocansini lwangemuva noma abatheleleke ngegciwane le-HPV ne-HIV.

Ngokwokusungulwa kwesimila, umdlavuza wendunu ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziyinhloko ezi-4:

• Isigaba 1: umdlavuza wendunu ungaphansi kuka-2 cm;
• Isigaba 2: umdlavuza uphakathi kuka-2 cm no-4 cm, kepha utholakala kuphela emseleni wendunu;
• Isigaba 3: umdlavuza ungaphezu kuka-4 cm, kodwa ususabalele ezindaweni eziseduze, njengesinye noma i-urethra;
• Isigaba 4: umdlavuza usuthumele kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Ngokuya ngokuhlonzwa kwesigaba somdlavuza, i-oncologist noma i-proctologist ingakhombisa ukwelashwa okungcono ukufeza ikhambi kalula, okuyizikhathi eziningi ezidingekayo zokwenza i-chemo ne-radiotherapy.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wendunu

Uphawu oluyinhloko lomdlavuza wesinqe ukuba khona kwegazi elibomvu elikhanyayo ezitweni kanye nobuhlungu bendunu ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwamathumbu, okungahle kukwenze ucabange ukuthi lezi zimpawu kungenxa yokuba khona kwama-hemorrhoids. Ezinye izimpawu eziphakamisa umdlavuza wangaphambilini yilezi:

• Ukuvuvukala endaweni eyindunu;
• Izinguquko ekuhambeni kwamathumbu;
• Ukulunywa noma ukushiswa endunu;
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba;
• Ukuba khona kwesigaxa noma kwesisindo endunu;
• Usayizi owandisiwe wama-lymph node.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu ezikhombisa ukuthi kunomdlavuza zivele endunu, umuntu lowo uya kudokotela ojwayelekile noma kudokotela wesayensi ukuze kuhlolwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela kutholakale ukuxilongwa. Bheka futhi nezinye izimbangela zobuhlungu endunu.

Umdlavuza endunu uvame kakhulu kubantu abanegciwane le-HPV, abanomlando womdlavuza, abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba, abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ababhemayo, abanabalingani abaningi ocansini futhi abaya ocansini lwangemuva. Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu ewela kuleli qembu eliyingozi futhi eveza izimpawu, kubalulekile ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Kunjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza ku-anus kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwezimpawu ezichazwe ngumuntu nangokuhlola okunganconywa udokotela, njengokuhlolwa kwamakholomu edijithali, i-proctoscopy ne-anuscopy, okungaba buhlungu, ngenxa yokulimala okubangelwe ngomdlavuza, futhi kungenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia, kepha kubalulekile ngoba kuhlose ukuhlola indawo yangasese ngokukhomba noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa okukhombisa isifo. Qonda ukuthi yini i-anuscopy nokuthi yenziwa kanjani.

Uma kutholakala noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa okusikisela umdlavuza ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, i-biopsy ingacelwa ukuthi iqinisekise ukuthi ngabe ushintsho luyingozi noma lubi yini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-biopsy ikhombisa umdlavuza we-anus, udokotela angancoma ukuthi kwenziwe i-MRI ukuze ahlole ubukhulu bomdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wendunu

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wendunu kufanele kwenziwe ngudokotela oyisazi noma i-oncologist futhi kuvame ukwenziwa ngenhlanganisela ye-chemotherapy kanye nemisebe yamaviki ama-5 kuye kwayi-6, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokuhlala esibhedlela. Udokotela futhi angancoma ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe izicubu ezincane zangasese, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezimbili zokuqala zomdlavuza wendunu, noma ukususa umsele wangasese, i-rectum nengxenye yekholoni, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho kudingeka ukususa ingxenye enkulu yamathumbu, isiguli singadinga ukuthola i-ostomy, okuyisikhwama esibekwe phezu kwesisu futhi esithola indle, okufanele ikhishwe nge-anus . Isikhwama se-ostomy kufanele sishintshwe noma nini lapho sigcwele.

Bona ukuthi ungakusekela kanjani ukwelashwa kwakho ngokudla okulwa nomdlavuza.