Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesinye, izimbangela ezinkulu nokuthi welashwa kanjani

-Delile

• Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesinye
• Izimbangela eziyinhloko
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Indlela yokwelapha
• 1. Ukuhlinzwa
• 2. I-BCG immunotherapy
• 3. I-Radiotherapy
• 4. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Umdlavuza wesinye uhlobo lwesimila esibonakala ngokukhula kwamangqamuzana amabi odongeni lwesinye, okungenzeka ngenxa yokubhema noma ukuvezwa njalo kwamakhemikhali afana nodayi, izibulala-zinambuzane noma i-arsenic, ngokwesibonelo, njengoba lezi zinto zisuswa ngomchamo, igxilwe esinyeni ngaphambi kokuba isuswe, futhi ingadala ushintsho.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza wesinye ziyaqhubeka futhi zingadidaniswa nezinye izifo zohlelo lokuchama, njengokunyuka kwesifiso sokuchama, ubuhlungu esiswini esingezansi, ukukhathala ngokweqile nokuncipha kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwenziwe ngokushesha lapho kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala, ngoba ngaleyo ndlela kungenzeka ukuqala ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu, ukugwema izinkinga nokwandisa ithuba lokwelashwa.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesinye

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesinye zivela njengamaseli amabi abhebhetheka futhi aphazamise ukusebenza kwalesi sitho. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lomdlavuza yilezi:

• Igazi emchameni, okuvame ukukhonjwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa komchamo elabhorethri;
• Ubuhlungu noma ukushisa lapho uchama;
• Ubuhlungu esiswini esingezansi;
• Isidingo esengeziwe sokuchama;
• Isifiso esisheshayo sokuchama;
• Ukungasebenzi komchamo;
• Ukukhathala;
• Ukuntula ukudla;
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngokungenhloso.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza wesinye zivamile kwezinye izifo zomgudu womchamo, njengomdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa, ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo, amatshe ezinso noma ukungasebenzi komchamo, ngakho-ke akubalulekile ukuthi udokotela ojwayelekile noma urologist ancoma ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa. ukukhomba imbangela yezimpawu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukhombise ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko

Izinto ezinobuthi eziningi zidlula esinyeni ezisuswa egazini ngomchamo, esihlangana nazo nsuku zonke ngokusebenzisa ukudla, ukuphefumula nokuxhumana kwesikhumba.

Lezi zinto, ezikhona kusikilidi, izibulala-zinambuzane, odayi nemithi, njenge-cyclophosphamide ne-arsenic, ngokwesibonelo, zihlangana nodonga lwesinye, futhi ukutholakala isikhathi eside kungadala ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Lapho kukhona izimpawu nezimpawu ezibonisa umdlavuza wesinye, kubalulekile ukuthi kuboniswane nodokotela womchamo, ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa komtholampilo, ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, njengokuhlolwa komchamo, i-urinary tract ultrasound, i-MRI noma i-CT scan, kanye cystoscopy, okubandakanya ukwethulwa kweshubhu elincanyana ngomchamo ukubheka ingaphakathi lesinye. Qonda ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani i-cystoscopy.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kusolwa umdlavuza, udokotela uncoma ukwenza i-biopsy, lapho kuthathwa khona isampula elincane esifundeni esiguquliwe sesinye ukuze lihlolwe ngemicroscopic ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngabe lolo shintsho alunabungozi noma lubi yini.

Ngemuva kwalokho, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuchaza ubunzima nokwelashwa komdlavuza wesinye kuncike esigabeni sokukhula komdlavuza:

• Isigaba 0 - ngaphandle kobufakazi besimila noma isimila esitholakala kuphela kulwelwesi lwesinye;
• Isigaba 1 - isimila sidlula ulwelwesi lwesinye, kepha asifinyeleli ungqimba lwemisipha;
• Isigaba 2 - isimila esithinta ungqimba lwemisipha lwesinye;
• Isigaba 3 - isimila esidlula ungqimba lwemisipha lwesinye esifinyelela ezicutshini ezizungezile;
• Isigaba 4 - isimila sisakazeka kuma-lymph node nasezitho zomakhelwane, noma ezindaweni ezikude.

Isigaba umdlavuza okuso sincike esikhathini lapho umuntu ewukhule khona, ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuxilongwa kanye nokuqala kokwelashwa kwenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu.

Indlela yokwelapha

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesinye kuncike esiteji nasezingeni lokubandakanyeka kwesitho, futhi kungenziwa ngokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy kanye ne-immunotherapy, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngudokotela. Lapho umdlavuza wesinye utholakala ezigabeni zokuqala, kunethuba elikhulu lokwelashwa futhi, ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile.

Ngakho-ke, ngokwesigaba sesifo, izimpawu ezethulwe ngumuntu nempilo ejwayelekile, izinketho zokwelashwa eziyinhloko yilezi:

1. Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela yokwelashwa esetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha lolu hlobo lomdlavuza, noma kunjalo, kuba nemiphumela emihle kuphela lapho isimila sisezigabeni zokuqala futhi sitholakala. Ezinye izinqubo zokuhlinza ezingasetshenziswa yilezi:

• Ukuthengiswa kabusha kweTransurethral: siqukethe ukusula, ukususa noma ukushisa isimila uma sisincane ngosayizi futhi sitholakala ebusweni besinye;
• I-cystectomy eyingxenye: siqukethe ukususwa kwengxenye yesinye esithintekile isimila;
• I-cystectomy enamandla: kwenziwa ezigabeni ezithuthukile zesifo futhi iqukethe ukususwa okuphelele kwesinye.

Ekukhishweni okuphelele kwesinye, ama-lymph node noma ezinye izitho eziseduze nesinye okungenzeka ukuthi zinamaseli omdlavuza nazo zingasuswa. Endabeni yamadoda, izitho ezisusiwe yi-prostate, i-vesicle yesidoda nengxenye ye-vas deferens. Kwabesifazane, kukhishwa isibeletho, ama-ovari, amashubhu e-fallopian nengxenye yesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

2. I-BCG immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ezikhuthaza amasosha omzimba ukuthi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni zomdlavuza wesinye phezulu noma ukuvimbela ukukhula komdlavuza omusha, ngokwesibonelo.

Umuthi osetshenziswa ekwelashweni yi-BCG, isixazululo esiqukethe amabhaktheriya aphilayo nabuthakathaka, afakwa esinyeni nge-catheter, ezokwenza ukuthi amasosha omzimba abulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Isiguli kufanele sigcine isisombululo se-BCG esinyeni cishe amahora amabili futhi ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanye ngesonto, amasonto ayisithupha.

3. I-Radiotherapy

Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha lusebenzisa imisebe ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi kungenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ukunciphisa ubukhulu besimila, noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza okungenzeka asekhona.

I-Radiotherapy ingenziwa ngaphandle, kusetshenziswa idivaysi egxila emisebeni esifundeni sesinye, noma ngemisebe yangaphakathi, lapho kufakwa khona into esinyeni ekhipha into enemisebe. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa izikhathi ezimbalwa ngesonto, amasonto ambalwa, kuya ngesigaba sesimila.

4. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-chemotherapy yomdlavuza wesinye isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza, futhi kungasetshenziswa umuthi owodwa kuphela noma inhlanganisela ezimbili.

Ezigulini ezinomdlavuza wesinye ongaphandle, udokotela angasebenzisa i-intravesical chemotherapy, lapho umuthi ufakwa khona ngqo esinyeni nge-catheter, futhi uhlala amahora amaningi. Lokhu kwelashwa kwenziwa kanye ngesonto, amasonto ambalwa.