I-anemia hemolytic immune edalwa yizidakamizwa

I-anemia hemolytic anemia ebangelwa yizidakamizwa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi okwenzeka lapho umuthi uvusa amasosha omzimba omzimba ukuba ahlasele amaseli awo abomvu egazi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ehle ngaphambi kwesikhathi esivamile, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemolysis.

I-anemia yisimo lapho umzimba ungenawo amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anele anele. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anikeza umoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba.

Imvamisa, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ahlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-120 emzimbeni. Ku-hemolytic anemia, amaseli abomvu egazini abhujiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile.

Kwezinye izimo, umuthi ungadala ukuthi amasosha omzimba enze iphutha kumaseli akho abomvu ezintweni zangaphandle. Umzimba uphendula ngokwenza amasosha omzimba ahlasele amaseli abomvu omzimba uqobo. Ama-antibodies anamathisela kumaseli abomvu egazi futhi abangele ukuthi aphuke kusenesikhathi.

Izidakamizwa ezingadala lolu hlobo lwe-hemolytic anemia zifaka:

• I-Cephalosporins (isigaba semithi elwa namagciwane), imbangela evame kakhulu
• UDapsone
• ULevodopa
• I-Levofloxacin
• IMethyldopa
• I-Nitrofurantoin
• Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID)
• I-penicillin kanye nokutholakala kwayo
• I-Phenazopyridine (pyridium)
• I-Quinidine

Uhlobo olungajwayelekile lokuphazamiseka yi-hemolytic anemia yokushoda kwe-glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Kulokhu, ukuwohloka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kungenxa yohlobo oluthile lokucindezeleka esitokisini.

I-anemia ye-hemolytic eyenziwe yizidakamizwa ayivamile ezinganeni.

Izimpawu zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Umchamo omnyama
• Ukukhathala
• Umbala wesikhumba okhanyayo
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Isikhumba esiphuzi nabamhlophe bamehlo (i-jaundice)

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kungakhombisa ubende obukhulisiwe. Ungahle ube nokuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo ukusiza ukuthola lesi simo.

Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• Isibalo se-reticulocyte ngokuphelele ukuthola ukuthi amaseli abomvu egazi ayakhiwa yini emnkantsheni wethambo ngesilinganiso esifanele
• Ukuhlolwa okuqondile noma okungaqondile kweCoombs ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini amasosha omzimba alwa namaseli abomvu egazi abangela ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi asheshe afe
• Amaleveli e-bilirubin angaqondile ukuhlola i-jaundice
• Ukubalwa kwamaseli abomvu
• I-serum haptoglobin ukubheka ukuthi amaseli abomvu abhujiswa kusenesikhathi yini
• I-hemoglobin yomchamo ukuhlola i-hemolysis

Ukumisa umuthi odala inkinga kunganciphisa noma kulawule izimpawu.

Ungadinga ukuthatha umuthi obizwa nge- prednisone ukucindezela ukuphendula kwamagciwane kumaseli abomvu egazi. Ukumpontshelwa igazi okukhethekile kungadingeka ukwelapha izimpawu ezinzima.

Umphumela muhle kubantu abaningi uma beyeka ukuphuza umuthi odala inkinga.

Ukufa okubangelwa i-anemia enamandla akuvamile.

Bheka umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma unezimpawu zalesi simo.

Gwema umuthi odale lesi simo.

I-immune hemolytic anemia eseceleni kwemithi; I-anemia - immune hemolytic - eseceleni kwemithi

• Amasosha omzimba

UMichel M. Autoimmune kanye ne-intravascular hemolytic anemias. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 160.

UWin N, uRichards SJ. Ama-anaemias we-haemolytic atholakele. Ku: Bain BJ, Bates I, Laffan MA, eds. UDacie noLewis I-Hematology Esebenzayo. Umhla ka-12. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 13.