Uyini umdlavuza wethambo (ithambo), izimpawu, ukuxilongwa nezinhlobo

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Yiziphi izinhlobo
• Yelashwa kanjani

Umdlavuza wethambo yisimila esivela kumaseli angajwayelekile akhiqizwa kuzicubu zethambo noma singavela kumaseli womdlavuza kwezinye izitho, njengesifuba, iphaphu kanye ne-prostate, okuveza imethastasis. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza wamathambo, kepha izimpawu zivame ukufana kakhulu, futhi kungahle kube nobuhlungu nokuvuvukala emajoyintini futhi kuqhume kaningi futhi kube lula ukwenzeka, okwaziwa njengokwaphuka kwezifo.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa udokotela wamathambo noma i-oncologist ngezivivinyo ezinjenge-X-ray, resonance magnetic, computed tomography, pet scan kanye ne-bone biopsy. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamathambo kungenziwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ngokuhlinzwa, kuya ngosayizi, uhlobo nendawo yesimila esisethanjeni.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wamathambo zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu bethambo: imvamisa izinhlungu azihlali zikhona ekuqaleni, kepha zingaba bukhulu kakhulu ebusuku noma lapho kunyakaziswa imilenze, njengokuhamba;
• Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga: i-nodule ingavela emajoyintini, kukhulise ubuhlungu nokungahambi kahle, ikakhulukazi emadolweni nasezindololwaneni;
• Amathambo aphuka kalula: kungenzeka ukuqhekeka kwezifo, okuyilapho amathambo ephuka khona kalula ngenxa yobucayi obudalwa isimila, lapho ukuqaqamba kwesikhumba noma komgogodla kuvame kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu zomdlavuza, isimila singaholela ekunciphiseni isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nomkhuhlane ongapheli. Uma kwenzeka umdlavuza usakazekela kwezinye izitho, njengephaphu ngokwesibonelo, ungadala ezinye izimpawu ezithile, njengobunzima bokuphefumula.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Lapho udokotela esola ukuthi kukhona ukulimala ethanjeni, anga-oda i-X-ray, njengoba i-X-ray ingakhombisa ukukhubazeka ethanjeni noma ezicutshini eziseduze, njengemisipha namafutha. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela futhi anga-oda i-X-ray yesifuba ukuze ahlole ukuthi umdlavuza osethanjeni ususabalele yini emaphashini, kepha lokhu kuphela lapho kutholakala ukuthi kutholakala ukuthi kunesifo.

I-Magnetic resonance imaging isivivinyo esiboniswa kahle ngudokotela ukuqinisekisa umdlavuza wethambo nokuchaza ubukhulu nobukhulu besimila, kepha ikhompiyutha ye-computed kanye ne-pet scan nayo inganconywa, njengoba ingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe ezinye izindawo emzimbeni ethintekile yilesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bone biopsy nayo yenziwa ngokuhlangana nalokhu okunye ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njengoba kukhombisa uhlobo lwamaseli angajwayelekile abanga umdlavuza wamathambo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza emathanjeni, kuya ngengxenye yethambo, izicubu kanye nohlobo lweseli olwenza isimila, njenge:

• I-Osteosarcoma: wuhlobo oluqhamuka kumaseli abhekele ukwakheka kwamathambo, futhi lwenzeka ikakhulu emathanjeni ezingalo, emilenzeni nasezitho zangasese, luvame kakhulu eqenjini lobudala eliphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 nengama-30;
• I-Chondrosarcoma: uqala kumaseli e-cartilage, ungowesibili umdlavuza wamathambo ovame kakhulu futhi uyivelakancane kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-20;
• I-sarcoma ka-Ewing: ingavela ezinganeni nasebusheni, kuyaqabukela kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30 ubudala futhi izingxenye ezithinteke kakhulu ngamathambo wesifunda se-pelvic namathambo amade emilenze nezingalo;
• I-histiocytoma enobungozi obubi: lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wamathambo luqala emisipheni nasemisipheni eseduze namathambo, luvame kakhulu kubantu abadala;
• I-Fibrosarcoma: futhi nohlobo lomdlavuza wamathambo ovela ezicutshini ezithambile, ezaziwa ngokuthi yimigudu kanye nemisipha;
• Isigaxa samangqamuzana amakhulu: ingaba yingozi noma ibi futhi ivame ukuthinta indawo yamadolo;
• Chordoma: ikhula njalo kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30 futhi ifinyelela emathanjeni ogebhezi nomgogodla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdlavuza wethambo awuhlali njalo kumaseli amathambo, uvame ukuvela ngenxa yemetastasis evela kumdlavuza osezingeni eliphezulu wesinye isitho, njengesibonelo, webele, wendlala kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, isibonelo. Qonda ukuthi yini ama-metastases nokuthi ungawabona kanjani.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamathambo kuboniswa yi-oncologist futhi kuya ngohlobo lwesimila, usayizi nendawo okuyo, nge-chemotherapy, radiotherapy futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa ukususa isimila esivame ukukhonjiswa.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukunqunywa isitho esithintekile, ukugcina, uma kungenzeka, ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu noma ngokuya ngecala, i-endoprosthesis ingenziwa, okuyi-prosthesis esebenza ukufaka ithambo elisusiwe .

Kodwa-ke, uma umdlavuza wamathambo usesigabeni esithuthuke kakhulu, esivame ukwenzeka lapho lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luyi-metastasis, ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu kubizwa ngokuthi ukunakekelwa kokuthokomala, okwenziwa ukuqinisekisa izinga lomuntu lokuphila, ngenhloso yokunciphisa izinhlungu, ngemithi ye-analgesic, nokungaphatheki kahle okubangelwa izimpawu zomdlavuza.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa komdlavuza wamathambo.