Wazalwa Ngale Ndlela: Ithiyori kaChomsky ichaza ukuthi kungani sihle kakhulu ekutholeni ulimi

-Delile

• Amandla okuzalwa olimi
• Yini eyaqinisekisa uChomsky ukuthi uhlelo lolimi lukhona?
• Izilimi zabelana ngezici ezithile eziyisisekelo
• Sifunda ulimi ngokuzikhandla
• Futhi sifunda ngokulandelana okufanayo
• Siyafunda yize 'ubumpofu besikhuthazo'
• Izazi zolimi ziyayithanda impikiswano enhle
• Ngakho-ke, le mbono ikuthinta kanjani ukufunda ulimi emakilasini?
• Okubalulekile

Abantu bayizinto zokuxoxa izindaba. Ngokwazi kwethu, azikho ezinye izinhlobo ezinamandla olimi nokukwazi ukulusebenzisa ngezindlela zokudala ezingapheli. Kusukela ezinsukwini zethu zokuqala, siqamba amagama futhi sichaze izinto. Sitshela abanye ukuthi kwenzekani eduze kwethu.

Kubantu abacwile esifundweni solimi nasekufundweni kokufunda, umbuzo owodwa obaluleke kakhulu udale impikiswano enkulu eminyakeni edlule: Lingakanani leli khono elingokwemvelo - okuyingxenye yokwakheka kofuzo lwethu - futhi sifunda okungakanani izindawo?

Amandla okuzalwa olimi

Akungabazeki ukuthi thina thola izilimi zethu zomdabu, ziphelele ngamagama awo kanye namaphethini ohlelo.

Kepha likhona yini ikhono elizuzwe njengefa elingaphansi kolimi lwethu ngalunye - uhlaka lokwakheka olusenza sikwazi ukubamba, ukugcina, nokuthuthukisa ulimi kalula?

Ngo-1957, isazi sezilimi uNoam Chomsky washicilela incwadi ebabazekayo ebizwa nge “Syntactic Structures.” Iphakamise umbono wenoveli: Bonke abantu bangazalwa benokuqonda okungokwemvelo kokuthi ulimi lusebenza kanjani.

Ukuthi sifunda i-Arabhu, isiNgisi, isiShayina, noma ulimi lwezandla kunqunywa, yiqiniso, ngezimo zempilo yethu.

Kepha ngokusho kukaChomsky, thina can thola ulimi ngoba sifakelwe izakhi zofuzo ngohlelo lolimi jikelele - ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kokuthi ukuxhumana kuhlelwe kanjani.

Umbono kaChomsky kusukela lapho wamukelwa kabanzi.

Yini eyaqinisekisa uChomsky ukuthi uhlelo lolimi lukhona?

Izilimi zabelana ngezici ezithile eziyisisekelo

UChomsky nezinye izazi zezilimi bathe zonke izilimi ziqukethe izinto ezifanayo. Isibonelo, uma kukhulunywa emhlabeni jikelele, ulimi lwehlukana ngezigaba ezifanayo zamagama: amabizo, izenzo, neziphawulo, ukubiza ezintathu.

Esinye isici esabiwe solimi sithi. Ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, zonke izilimi zisebenzisa izakhiwo eziziphindayo, zisivumela ukuthi sandise lezo zakhiwo cishe ngokungenamkhawulo.

Isibonelo, thatha ukwakheka kwencazelo. Cishe kuzo zonke izilimi ezaziwayo, kungenzeka ukuphinda izincazelo kaninginingi: "Wayegqoka i-itsy-bitsy, teeny-weeny, yellow polka dot bikini."

Ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, izichasiso eziningi zingangezwa ukuze kuchazwe ngokuqhubekayo ukuthi i-bikini, ngayinye ishumekwe ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esivele sikhona.

Ukuvuselelwa kolimi kusivumela ukuthi sandise umusho othi "Wayekholelwa ukuthi uRicky wayengenacala" cishe ngokungapheli: "ULucy wayekholelwa ukuthi uFred no-Ethel babazi ukuthi uRicky wayemi kwelokuthi akanacala."

Impahla yolimi ephindaphindwayo kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge- “nesting,” ngoba cishe kuzo zonke izilimi, imisho inganwetshwa ngokubeka izakhiwo eziphindaphindanayo ngaphakathi komunye nomunye.

UChomsky nabanye baphikise ngokuthi ngoba cishe zonke izilimi zabelana ngalezi zici naphezu kokunye ukuhlukahluka kwazo, singazalwa silungiselelwe ngohlelo lolimi jikelele.

Sifunda ulimi ngokuzikhandla

Izazi zolimi ezinjengoChomsky ziye zaphikisana ngohlelo lolimi ngokwengxenye ngoba izingane yonke indawo zithuthukisa ulimi ngezindlela ezifanayo kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane ngaphandle kosizo oluncane.

Izingane zikhombisa ukuqwashisa ngezigaba zolimi zisencane ngokweqile, kusasele isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kufundiswe ngokweqile.

Isibonelo, olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izingane ezinezinyanga eziyi-18 ubudala zaqaphela ukuthi “idokodo” kubhekiswe entweni futhi “ukushumayela” kubhekisele esenzweni, kukhombisa ukuthi bayasiqonda isimo segama.

Ukuba nendatshana ethi “a” ngaphambi kwayo noma ukuphela ngo- “-ing” kunqume ukuthi lelo gama liyinto noma umcimbi.

Kungenzeka ukuthi babeyifundile le mibono ngokulalela abantu bekhuluma, kepha labo abasekela umqondo wohlelo lolimi jikelele bathi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi banokuqonda okungokwemvelo kokuthi amagama asebenza kanjani, noma bengawazi amagama uqobo.

Futhi sifunda ngokulandelana okufanayo

Abaxhasi bohlelo lolimi jikelele bathi izingane emhlabeni wonke ngokwemvelo zithuthukisa ulimi ngokulandelana kwezinyathelo.

Ngakho-ke, ingabe leyo phethini yentuthuko eyabiwe ibukeka kanjani? Izazi eziningi zezilimi ziyavuma ukuthi kunezigaba ezintathu eziyisisekelo:

• imisindo yokufunda
• ukufunda amagama
• imisho yokufunda

Ngokuqondile:

• Siyabona futhi sikhiqize imisindo yenkulumo.
• Siyabhebhuza, imvamisa ngephethini yongwaqa-ke-unkamisa.
• Sikhuluma amagama ethu okuqala anobudlova.
• Sikhulisa amagama ethu, sifunde ukuhlukanisa izinto.
• Sakha imisho yamagama amabili, bese sandisa ubunzima bemisho yethu.

Izingane ezahlukahlukene ziyaqhubeka ngalezi zigaba ngamanani ahlukene. Kepha iqiniso lokuthi sonke sihlanganyela ngokulandelana okufanayo kwentuthuko kungakhombisa ukuthi silukhulelwe ulimi.

Siyafunda yize 'ubumpofu besikhuthazo'

UChomsky nabanye baphikise nokuthi sifunda izilimi eziyinkimbinkimbi, nemithetho yabo yolimi eyinkimbinkimbi nemikhawulo, ngaphandle kokuthola imfundo ecacile.

Isibonelo, izingane zibamba ngokuzenzakalela indlela eyiyo yokuhlela ukwakheka kwemisho engancikile ngaphandle kokufundiswa.

Siyazi ukuthi "Umfana obhukudayo ufuna ukudla isidlo sasemini" esikhundleni sokuthi "Umfana ufuna ukudla kwasemini obhukudayo."

Ngaphandle kokuntuleka kwesikhuthazo sokufundisa, sisafunda futhi sisebenzise izilimi zethu zomdabu, ukuqonda imithetho ebalawulayo. Sigcina ngokwazi okuningi kakhulu ngokuthi izilimi zethu zisebenza kanjani kunalokho esikufundiswe ngokweqile.

Izazi zolimi ziyayithanda impikiswano enhle

UNoam Chomsky uphakathi kwezazi zezilimi ezicashunwa kakhulu emlandweni. Yize kunjalo, kube nempikiswano eningi mayelana nomqondo wakhe wohlelo lolimi jikelele isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka manje.

Impikiswano eyodwa eyisisekelo ukuthi unephutha mayelana nohlaka lwezinto eziphilayo lokutholwa kolimi. Izazi zolimi nabafundisi abahlukene naye bathi sithola ulimi ngendlela efanayo lapho sifunda ngayo yonke enye into: ngokuvezwa kwethu yizikhuthazi ezisemvelweni yethu.

Abazali bethu bakhuluma nathi, kungaba ngamazwi noma ngokusebenzisa izimpawu. “Simunca” ulimi ngokulalela izingxoxo ezenzeka nxazonke zethu, kusukela ekulungisweni okucashile esikutholayo ngamaphutha ethu olimi.

Isibonelo, ingane ithi, "Angikufuni lokho."

Umnakekeli wabo uyaphendula, “Usho ukuthi,‘ Angikufuni lokho. ’”

Kepha umbono kaChomsky wohlelo lolimi jikelele awuphathelene nokuthi sizifunda kanjani izilimi zethu zomdabu. Kugxile emandleni okuzalwa okwenza konke ukufunda kwethu ulimi kube nokwenzeka.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi azikho izakhiwo ezabiwe yizo zonke izilimi.

Thatha ukuphindaphinda, isibonelo. Kunezilimi ezingamane zingaphindi.

Futhi uma imigomo kanye nemingcele yolimi ingeyona yendawo yonke ngempela, kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi kube khona "uhlelo lolimi" oluyisisekelo olufakwe ebuchosheni bethu?

Ngakho-ke, le mbono ikuthinta kanjani ukufunda ulimi emakilasini?

Okunye ukuphuma okusebenzayo kakhulu kube ngumcabango wokuthi kunesikhathi esifanelekile sokutholwa kolimi ezinganeni.

Okuncane, kungcono umqondo owandile. Njengoba izingane ezincane zithandwa ukuthola ukutholakala kolimi lwemvelo, ukufunda a okwesibili ulimi lungasebenza kangcono ebuntwaneni.

Umbono wohlelo lolimi jikelele ubuye waba nethonya elikhulu emakilasini lapho abafundi bafunda izilimi zesibili.

Othisha abaningi manje basebenzisa izindlela ezingokwemvelo, zokucwilisa ezilingisa indlela esizithola ngayo izilimi zethu zokuqala, kunokuba sibambe ngekhanda imithetho yohlelo kanye nohlu lwamagama.

Othisha abaluqonda uhlelo lolimi jikelele bangahle bakulungele kangcono ukugxila ngokusobala komehluko wesakhiwo phakathi kwezilimi zokuqala nezesibili zabafundi.

Okubalulekile

Umbono kaNoam Chomsky wohlelo lolimi jikelele uthi sonke sizalwa sinokuqonda okungokwemvelo kwendlela ulimi olusebenza ngayo.

UChomsky wasekela umbono wakhe emcabangweni wokuthi zonke izilimi ziqukethe ukwakheka nemithetho efanayo (uhlelo lolimi), nokuthi izingane yonke indawo zithola ulimi ngendlela efanayo, futhi ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu, kubonakala kukhombisa ukuthi sizalwa sinentambo ngezinto eziyisisekelo sesivele sikhona ebuchosheni bethu.

Yize kungebona bonke abavumelana nombono kaChomsky, uyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela omkhulu ekutheni sicabanga kanjani ngokutholwa kolimi namuhla.