Izifo Zengubo

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu nezimpawu?
• Izigaba zesifo samajazi
• Isigaba 1
• Isigaba 2
• Isigaba 3
• Isigaba 4
• Isigaba 5
• Ngubani othola isifo samajazi?
• Kutholakala kanjani?
• Ilashwa kanjani?
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Laser (photocoagulation)
• I-Cryosurgery
• Imijovo ye-Intravitreal
• I-Vitrectomy
• Ukugoqa kwesikrini
• Ukubukeka nezinkinga ezingaba khona

Siyini isifo samajazi?

Isifo samajazi ukuphazamiseka kwamehlo okungajwayelekile okubandakanya ukukhula okungavamile kwemithambo yegazi ku-retina. Etholakala ngemuva kweso, i-retina ithumela izithombe ezilula ebuchosheni futhi ibalulekile ekubukeni kwamehlo.

Kubantu abanesifo samajazi, ama-capillary e-retinal avuleka avule uketshezi ngemuva kweso. Njengoba uketshezi lukhula, i-retina iqala ukuvuvukala. Lokhu kungadala ukuhlukaniswa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kwe-retina, okuholele ekwehliseni umbono noma ubumpumputhe esweni elithintekile.

Isikhathi esiningi, lesi sifo sithinta iso elilodwa kuphela. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ebuntwaneni. Imbangela ngqo ayaziwa, kodwa ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kungasiza ukonga umbono wakho.

Ziyini izimpawu nezimpawu?

Izimpawu nezimpawu zivame ukuqala ebuntwaneni. Bangaba mnene ekuqaleni, kepha abanye abantu banezimpawu ezinzima ngokushesha. Izimpawu nezimpawu zifaka:

• umphumela we-yellow-eye (ofana neso elibomvu) ongabonakala ku-flash photography
• strabismus, noma amehlo awele
• leukocoria, isisindo esimhlophe ngemuva kwelensi yeso
• ukulahlekelwa ukuqonda okujulile
• ukuwohloka kombono

Izimpawu zakamuva zingafaka:

• umbala obomvu we-iris
• uveitis, noma ukuvuvukala kweso
• iqembu le-retinal
• i-glaucoma
• ngamehlo
• ukudlalwa kwenhlamvu yeso

Izimpawu zivame ukuvela esweni elilodwa kuphela, yize zingathinta zombili.

Izigaba zesifo samajazi

Isifo samajazi yisimo esiqhubekayo esihlukaniswe izigaba ezinhlanu.

Isigaba 1

Esikhathini sesifo sokuqala samaCoats, udokotela uyabona ukuthi unemithambo yegazi engajwayelekile, kodwa abakaqali ukuvuza okwamanje.

Isigaba 2

Imithambo yegazi isiqalile ukuvuza uketshezi ungene ku-retina. Uma ukuvuza kukuncane, ungahle ube nombono ojwayelekile. Ngokuvuza okukhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kombono. Ingozi yokuhlangana kwe-retina ikhula njengoba uketshezi luqongelela.

Isigaba 3

I-retina yakho ihlukaniswe ingxenye noma ngokuphelele.

Isigaba 4

Usuthuthukise ingcindezi esweni, ebizwa nge-glaucoma.

Isigaba 5

Esikhathini sesifo seZingubo ezithuthukile, ulahlekelwe ngokuphelele ukubona esweni elithintekile. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uthuthukise i-cataract (i-clouding lens) noma i-phthisis bulbi (i-atrophy ye-eyeball).

Ngubani othola isifo samajazi?

Noma ngubani angathola isifo samaJazi, kodwa akuvamile. Bambalwa abantu abangaphansi kwama-200,000 e-United States abanayo. Ithinta abesilisa ngaphezu kwabesifazane ngesilinganiso esingu-3-to-1.

Isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala ekutholeni iminyaka engu-8 kuya kwengu-16. Phakathi kwezingane ezinesifo samajazi, cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu sezike zaba nezimpawu lapho sezineminyaka engu-10. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabantu abanesifo samajazi ingama-30 noma ngaphezulu lapho kuqala izimpawu.

Akubonakali kuzuzwe njengefa noma kunanoma yisiphi isixhumanisi sohlanga noma ubuzwe. Isizathu esiqondile sesifo samaJazi asikacaci.

Kutholakala kanjani?

Uma wena (noma ingane yakho) unezimpawu zesifo samajazi, bheka udokotela wakho khona manjalo. Ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kungonga umbono wakho. Futhi, izimpawu zingalingisa lezo zezinye izimo, njenge-retinoblastoma, engabeka impilo engcupheni.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa ngokuphelele kwamehlo, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwezimpawu nomlando wezempilo. Ukuhlola ukuhlola kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging okufana nalokhu:

• i-retina fluorescein angiography
• isisho
• Iskena se-CT

Ilashwa kanjani?

Isifo samajazi siyaqhubeka. Ngokulashwa kokuqala, kungenzeka ukubuyisela umbono othile. Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa yilezi:

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Laser (photocoagulation)

Le nqubo isebenzisa i-laser ukunciphisa noma ukubhubhisa imithambo yegazi. Udokotela wakho angenza lokhu kuhlinzeka esikhungweni sokugula noma endaweni yokubeka ihhovisi.

I-Cryosurgery

Ukuhlola izithombe kusiza ukuqondisa okufana nenaliti (cryoprobe) okhiqiza amakhaza amakhulu. Isetshenziselwa ukudala isibazi ezungeze imithambo yegazi engajwayelekile, esiza ukumisa ukuvuza okuqhubekayo. Nakhu ukuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani nokuthi yini ongayilindela ngesikhathi sokululama.

Imijovo ye-Intravitreal

Ngaphansi kokubulala izinzwa kwasendaweni, udokotela wakho angajova i-corticosteroids esweni lakho ukusiza ukulawula ukuvuvukala. Imijovo ye-anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) inganciphisa ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emisha futhi yehlise ukuvuvukala. Imijovo inganikezwa ehhovisi likadokotela wakho.

I-Vitrectomy

Le yinqubo yokuhlinza esusa i-vitreous gel futhi inikeze ukufinyelela okuthuthukile ku-retina. Funda kabanzi mayelana nenqubo okufanele uyenze ngenkathi ululama.

Ukugoqa kwesikrini

Le nqubo inamathisela i-retina futhi ivame ukwenziwa egunjini lokuhlinzwa esibhedlela.

Noma ngabe yikuphi ukwelashwa onakho, uzodinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela.

Esigabeni sokugcina sesifo samaCoats, i-atrophy yeso kungaholela ekususweni kokuhlinzwa kweso elithintekile. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-enucleation.

Ukubukeka nezinkinga ezingaba khona

Alikho ikhambi lesifo samaCoats, kepha ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungathuthukisa amathuba akho okugcina ukubona kwakho.

Abantu abaningi basabela kahle ekwelashweni. Kepha abantu abangamaphesenti angama-25 babhekana nenqubekela phambili eqhubekayo eholela ekususweni kweso.

Umbono uhlukile kuwo wonke umuntu, kuya ngesigaba lapho kutholakala khona ukuxilongwa, izinga lokuqhubeka, nokuphendula ekwelashweni.

Udokotela wakho angahlola isimo sakho futhi akunikeze umbono wokuthi yini ongayilindela.